飞行员液冷背心减轻热应激效果的研究

本研究报道了管式液冷背心及其附件,蒸发循环式制冷箱的降温性能试验。液冷背心可覆盖躯干和大腿上部,约占体表的40％。制冷箱的水流量约为1L/min,其入口水温(Twi)可按需要调节。试验环境温度分干球温度(db)35℃、40℃和45℃;采用不同的Twi。受试者为10名男性健康青年。观察了加权平均皮肤温度(Ts),躯干皮肤温度(Tt),大腿上部皮温,出汗量,汗蒸发率和综合热应激指数(CIHS)。结果表明:在db 35℃条件下,Twi以16～26℃比较适宜,在db 40与45℃,Twi以12～20℃为适宜。热应激程度可减轻40～70％。液冷背心的最大传热量为174～203W。该背心可应用于直升机,运输机或其它不能使用空调系统的热环境中的人员。     

冰背心在炼钢高温作业中的应用

介绍了安阳钢铁厂研制的供特殊高温作业使用的冰背心,能在一定时间内调节人体周围小环境的温度,起到较好的阻热降温效果。     

液冷背心减轻热应激效果的研究

本文叙述了新研制的液冷背心的结构与降温效果。实验证明,在高温作业环境,液冷背心是一种良好的防暑降温装备。讨论了这种装备的实用性和推广价值。     

颅脑降温仪故障分析

我院神经内科近几年来临床使用颅脑降温仪得到了很好的治疗效果，但是在临床中也会遇到颅脑降温仪出现故障问题。颅脑降温仪采用先进的半导体制冷技术，半导体制冷原理：是基于帕尔贴效应，即当某种材料加上直流电压后，会发生能量转移，使材料一端的热能转移到另一端。此颅脑降温仪采用的半导体温差制冷片，     

野战运血车在长途血液运输中的性能测试

目的：测试野战运血车在不同温度案件下的保温、制冷和油耗等性能,为保障战争或突发情况下血液运输的安全、可靠提供基本依据.方法：2台野战运血车按最大容量装载血液,一辆车装红细胞悬液．另一辆装冰冻血浆。在35℃以上和25℃以下运行的外环境下,分别测试其无动力源情况下维持或制冷至冷冻或冷藏温度的时间和油耗。结果：在上述的条件下,野战运血车的保温时间为1．5—7h,制冷时间为15-138min。内置制冷系统的一箱油（20L）维持的运行时间为5-7h.结论：在长途运血时,如不能确保运血车的制冷系统正常运行,且运输时间超过一定的时限．则必须考虑多种保温方法联合使用     

制冷空调室降温效果评价

对特殊高温作业的防暑降温,采取制冷空调甚为必要,现将武汉钢铁公司及大冶钢厂使用制冷空调降温的效果评价如下: 一、武钢使用制冷空调降温效果测定 武钢现有1,000余台制冷空调设备,其中有数百台Q—2型的冷风机安装在500余处,使高温操作室气温符合卫生标准,减少或消除了高温对工人的危害。将武钢各高温工厂制冷空     

颅脑降温仪维修实例

电脑自动控制颅脑降温仪在临床的广泛使用已替代了传统的天然冰降温法,我院使用的降温仪为长春日成医用电子器材有限公司生产的RC-2000iii型颅脑降温仪,其工作原理为：利用温控智能仪器通过传感器反馈信号对水温实施监测,并控制往复式制冷压缩机对水箱里的水和酒精混合液实施制冷作用。     

热射病治疗的实验研究进展

热射病为重症中暑,其发生发展与热应激个体体温调节中枢功能障碍、热细胞毒性、个体炎症反应失控以及凝血-抗凝血平衡紊乱密切相关。目前热射病治疗的研究主要集中在降温(物理降温及使用药物降温),阻断炎症瀑布反应(使用促炎介质受体拮抗剂、抗生素、糖皮质激素、细胞赋活感光色素以及纠正内毒素血症),纠正凝血-抗凝血平衡紊乱,使用人脐血细胞、丙三醇、高渗生理盐水等行血容量扩充,高压氧疗,通过锻炼提高耐热性等。     

加压送气式防护装具对减轻着装人员的热负荷的效果评价

评价了一种加压送气式推进剂防护装具对于减轻作业人员热应激反应的效果。在３０℃温热环境中，６名健康男性青年分别穿着送气式防护装具（Ａｉｒ－ＩＰＥ）和普通隔绝式防护装具（Ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ－ＩＰＥ）进行了最大持续时间为６０ｍｉｎ的跑台运动试验（受试者达热耐受限度时终止试验）；跑台速度和坡度分别为４ｋｍ／ｈ和５％。测试的生理指标包括：直肠温度、四点皮肤温度、心率、出汗率和汗蒸发率。受试者着Ａｉｒ－ＩＰＥ和Ｃ     

谈YYM-1型颅脑降温治疗仪的正确使用与维修

YYM-1颅脑降温治疗仪采用先进的半导体制冷技术、微电脑控制、大屏幕显示、专用温度测控集成芯片、先进的降噪技术,是一种恒温控制精度高,体积小无污染、操作简便、性能可靠的颅脑降温抢救治疗设备。经我院临床使用观察,该设备可有效降低颅内压,抢救脑外伤、脑溢血、脑梗塞、中     

Ice cooling vest on tolerance for exercise under uncompensable heat stress

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial, personal ice cooling vest on tolerance for exercise in hot (35°C), wet (65% relative humidity) conditions with a nuclear biological chemical suit (NBC). On three separate occasions, 10 male volunteers walked on a treadmill at 3 miles per hour and 2% incline while (a) seminude (denoted CON), (b) dressed with a nuclear, biological, chemical (NBC) suit with an ice vest (V) worn under the suit (denoted NBCwV); or (c) dressed with an NBC suit but without an ice vest (V) (denoted NBCwoV). Participants exercised for 120 min or until volitional fatigue, or esophageal temperature reached 39.5°C. Esophageal temperature (T(es)), heart rate (HR), thermal sensation, and ratings of perceived exertion were measured. Exercise time was significantly greater in CON compared with both NBCwoV and NBCwV (p < 0.05), whereas T(es), thermal sensation, heart rate, and rate of perceived exertion were lower (p < 0.05). Wearing the ice vest increased exercise time (NBCwoV, 103.6 ± 7.0 min; NBCwV, 115.9 ± 4.1 min) and reduced the level of thermal strain, as evidenced by a lower T(es) at end-exercise (NBCwoV, 39.03 ± 0.13°C; NBCwV, 38.74 ± 0.13°C) and reduced thermal sensation (NBCwoV, 6.4 ± 0.4; NBCwV, 4.8 ± 0.6). This was paralleled by a decrease in rate of perceived exertion (NBCwoV, 14.7 ± 1.6; NBCwV, 12.4 ± 1.6) (p < 0.05) and heat rate (NBCwoV, 169 ± 6; NBCwV, 159 ± 7) (p < 0.05). We show that a commercially available cooling vest can significantly reduce the level of thermal strain during work performed in hot environments.     

Physiological reactions of men using microclimate cooling in hot humid environments

van Rensburg, A. J., Mitchell, D., van der Walt, W. H., and Strydom, N. B. (1972).Brit. J. industr. Med.,29, 387-393. Physiological reactions of men using microclimate cooling in hot humid environments. This paper describes the laboratory testing of a water-cooled vest and of a pre-frozen jacket on men working in hot humid environments. The work rate used in the tests was comparable with that of moderately hard industrial work. Three measures of strain were used, namely, rectal temperature, heart rate, and sweat rate. The tests showed that the water-cooled vest provided protection physiologically equivalent to removing the entire environmental heat stress, even at wet bulb temperatures of 33·9°C. The pre-frozen jackets provided better protection at 32·2°C wet bulb than at 33·9°C wet bulb. The garments have the potential to restore the loss in productivity caused by heat stress.     

Body cooling with ice for warm-water diving operations

Physiologic responses were measured on 2 professional divers exposed to a simulated repair work submersed for 60 min in water at temperatures of 34 degrees, 38 degrees, and 42 degrees C. Exposures were repeated with two types of diving suits; a normal dry, rubber suit (NDS) and this suit worn over an ice-cooled vest (ICEDS). Heat balance (lower heat storage) was better maintained at all temperatures with ICEDS. Physiologic strain was significant with NDS in 38 degrees C. At 42 degrees C 1 subject was able to complete 60 min with ICEDS. However, all exposures at 42 degrees C caused an extremely high physiologic strain, more so with NDS. Tolerance times observed were in good agreement with suggested criteria for heat tolerance. An ice-cooled vest, with room for further improvement, allows for at least 15-30 min longer exposure periods in the studied temperature range.     

卫勤救援背心战技指标研究

目的：探讨卫勤救援背心的战技指标。方法：应用现场调研、文献研究的方法开展战技指标的研究。结果：卫勤救援背心结构设计科学,内容物品量齐全,具有环境适应性宽、标准化程度高和展收迅速等特点,可满足不同环境下的卫勤救援的需要。结论：卫勤救援背心具有医学现场急救和卫勤救援的功能以及系统化与模块化的特点。     

武警卫勤救援背心的研制

目的：研制一种适合武警单兵执行紧急救援任务的卫勤救援背心。方法：根据单兵和卫生士兵在早期灾害救援时的医疗救援任务,研究卫勤救援背心内装救援器材的品种和数量．以满足医疗救援任务的需求：研究复苏效果判断方法,以保证该装备的人员适应性;通过对国人体型的研究,根据人体工效学原理,结合早期灾害现场单兵行进和作业特点,设计背心结构。结果：在救援演练及救灾过程实践中,该卫勤救援背心在灾害救援早期方便实用,基本满足了止血、包扎、固定、搬运、通气、基本生命支持等战伤救治技术需求。结论：在武警部队完成灾害救援任务中,它为单兵和卫生战士提供了一种轻便实用的医疗救援器材,提高了部队完成救援任务的能力。     

卫勤救援背心作业能力需求论证研究

目的：论证灾难发生时卫勤救援背心的作业能力需求。方法：采用现状调查法和逻辑分析法对卫勤救援背心作业能力进行需求论证。结果：现有急救背心同卫勤救援的任务和功能不相适应。新研制的卫勤救援背心用于卫生战士或类似保障人员,能保证3～4名人员的医学急救需求,不仅具有包扎、止血、固定、通气等常见功能,还具有搜救、污水处理、简易担架等特殊功能。结论：卫勤救援背心可满足灾难救援的主要卫勤救援任务,具有模块化、功能多样化等优点,可用于灾害救援时卫生战士使用,也可用于突发事件时医护人员配备。     

可穿戴式心电、呼吸传感器与检测系统的研制

叙述了一种可用于移动条件下对重要生命信号（心电、呼吸等）无损检测的可穿戴式传感器及其测量和传输系统的研制。导电纺织面料缝合在普通背心内侧特定位置上作为检测电极，通过缝在背心上的导电纺织线将电极上的信号引出到背心边缘，再连接到信号测量和传输系统，由其中的单片机和激励、放大和处理电路测量心电、心率、呼吸数据，通过RS232串口、蓝牙等通讯方式传送到PC机上，用Visual Basic编写的程序接收并显示图形和数据。     

术中主动保温措施对患者术后体温的影响

目的探讨术中主动保温措施对患者术后体温的影响。方法收集50例开胸手术患者进行术中低体温监测,并对其25例采取积极主动的保温措施,观察术中低体温开胸患者围手术期的临床指标。结果实施保暖措施后保温组的血压、心率明显低于常规组(p<0.05),差异有统计学意义。保温组内比较保温组术前、术中、术毕及术后2h的体温、血压、心率比较差异无统计学意义(p>0.05),常规组术中、术毕明显低于术前的体温,比较差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论术中主动保温和对术后体温的有效监测调节是保证麻醉手术成功、降低手术后并发症的重要措施之一。     

气囊式多功能伤员分类服的研制

目的:实现海上批量伤员快速分类,完成海上急救任务,提升海上卫勤保障能力.方法:参照解放军军服尺寸,选用适当材料,结合独立气囊制成背心.结果:气囊式多功能伤员分类服可以满足海上卫勤保障中批量伤员迅速分类的需求.结论:气囊式多功能伤员分类服保证了海上伤员救治的时效性,对提高海上卫勤保障能力有重要作用.     

Light-weight lead aprons — light on weight, protection or labelling accuracy?

X-ray transmission tests were performed on a Green-Lite (Infab Corporation) apron/vest combination, and compared to a number of other apron/vest combinations routinely used at Christchurch Hospital as well as a sheet of 0.5 mm lead. The materials were X-rayed using the primary beam of a Philips Optimus 50 X-ray machine over an energy range of 50-125 kVp. The entrance and exit doses were recorded and percentage transmission calculated for each kVp. The Green-Lite apron/vest (labelled as 0.5 mm lead at 85 kVp) relies on the overlap at the front to provide the nominal 0.5 mm protection for both the vest and the apron. It performed significantly worse than 0.5 mm of lead and other 0.5 mm lead equivalent apron/vest combinations and provided between 0.3 and 0.39 mm lead equivalent protection depending on the energy used. Vests from other manufacturers all achieved 0.5 mm lead equivalence for a single layer of vest material over the range of energies tested and so were comparable to 1.0 mm lead when doubled. Some aprons relied on a double layer of material to achieve the 0.5 mm lead equivalence (which was not always made clear on the label), while others stated their lead equivalence for a single layer. This resulted in some confusion among wearers of the aprons as to which apron was better.