上海市虹口区小学生传染病知识视频教育效果评价

目的对以视频为主的新媒体传染病知识教育方式效果进行评价,为学校传染病知识教育方式提供新思路。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,在虹口区8所小学选取干预组740人,对照组603人纳入研究。干预方式为播放登革热、水痘、手足口病、流感、诺如病毒感染性腹泻5种传染病的视频教育短片,通过问卷评估干预效果。结果干预组小学生的传染病知识知晓率(71.77%)高于对照组(64.42%,P0.01)。二～五年级学生中,干预组的知晓率高于对照组;一年级学生中干预组和对照组的知晓率差异无统计学意义。干预组知识知晓率与受试者年级增长呈正向趋势(P0.05)。健康教育干预组在传染源、传播途径、疾病症状、疾病预防4类知识的知晓率均高于对照组。结论以视频为主的多媒体健康教育可有效增加小学生对传染病知识的知晓率。学校传染病知识教育应当融入多媒体教育方式。     

上海市虹口区1956-2014年急性病毒性肝炎流行特征分析

目的 分析上海市虹口区1956-2014年急性病毒性肝炎流行特征.方法 对1956-2014年急性病毒性肝炎发病资料进行描述流行病学分析.结果 1956-2014年上海市虹口区急性病毒性肝炎发病率呈波动下降趋势.病毒性肝炎的分型监测逐渐完善,未分型肝炎的比例逐年下降.乙型肝炎的比例最大,其次为戊型肝炎.20～49岁的青壮年是急性病毒性肝炎发病的主要人群.职业分布以工人、干部职员和离退人员为主.结论 上海市虹口区病毒性肝炎防治工作取得的显著成效.急性病毒性肝炎发病率大幅降低,但今后病毒性肝炎防治工作仍是传染病防治工作的重点.     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素蛋白基因进化研究

Objective To determine the evolutionary rate and divergence time of influenza A virus HA gene isolated recently worldwide pandemic and explore the origin and its transmission. Methods A total of 344 HI sequences available in the GenBank (including 248 isolated from human, 84 from swine, 11 from avian, and 1 from ferret) and 7 isolated in Shanghai were collected. The nucleotide substitution rate and time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was calculated using molecular clock theory and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Then genetic phylogeny was constructed referring to posterior distribution. Results It was found that H1 sequences in the US from human, swine and avian were clustered significantly with swine H1 ones from Asia phylogenetieally (Cluster US). The second cluster (Cluster Eurasian Human) nearly consisted of human H1 sequences isolated in other regions. The third cluster (Cluster Eurasian Animal) consisted of swine and avian H1 sequences from China and Italy respectively. As for all the H1 sequences, the evolutionary rate was of 2.57×10-3substitutions/site per year averagely (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1.96×10-3-3.03×10-3/site per year). The estimated dates for tMRCA of human H1 in Europe and swine H1 in the mainland of China were the earliest, with the corresponding rates of 6.46×10-3/site per year and 0.97×10-3/site per year respectively. The tMRCAs of human and swine H1 sequences from the US were similar, with the rates of 5.86×10-3/site per year and 5.02×10-3/site per year. Conclusion The present flu outbreak was possibly induced by long-term circulation of influenza A virus (H1 N1) in human population and swine herds in America. There was no evidence proving that influenza virus in China involved in the present outbreak.     

构建医院基于HIS的传染病报告监测系统的尝试

目的探讨构建医院传染病信息报告监测系统,并对效果进行评价。方法在医院信息系统(HIS)的基础上,通过计算机信息技术对医院各系统进行整合开发,实现传染病监测和报告的信息化、自动化。结果该系统提高了传染病报告的工作效率和质量,提高了监测的敏感性。结论医院传染病报告监测系统提高了医院的传染病管理水平。     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素蛋白基因进化研究

Objective To determine the evolutionary rate and divergence time of influenza A virus HA gene isolated recently worldwide pandemic and explore the origin and its transmission. Methods A total of 344 HI sequences available in the GenBank (including 248 isolated from human, 84 from swine, 11 from avian, and 1 from ferret) and 7 isolated in Shanghai were collected. The nucleotide substitution rate and time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was calculated using molecular clock theory and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Then genetic phylogeny was constructed referring to posterior distribution. Results It was found that H1 sequences in the US from human, swine and avian were clustered significantly with swine H1 ones from Asia phylogenetieally (Cluster US). The second cluster (Cluster Eurasian Human) nearly consisted of human H1 sequences isolated in other regions. The third cluster (Cluster Eurasian Animal) consisted of swine and avian H1 sequences from China and Italy respectively. As for all the H1 sequences, the evolutionary rate was of 2.57×10-3substitutions/site per year averagely (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1.96×10-3-3.03×10-3/site per year). The estimated dates for tMRCA of human H1 in Europe and swine H1 in the mainland of China were the earliest, with the corresponding rates of 6.46×10-3/site per year and 0.97×10-3/site per year respectively. The tMRCAs of human and swine H1 sequences from the US were similar, with the rates of 5.86×10-3/site per year and 5.02×10-3/site per year. Conclusion The present flu outbreak was possibly induced by long-term circulation of influenza A virus (H1 N1) in human population and swine herds in America. There was no evidence proving that influenza virus in China involved in the present outbreak.     

2005-2011年上海市虹口区手足口病流行特征与防控对策分析

目的 了解近年来上海市虹口区手足口病的流行特征,探讨进一步的防控对策。 方法 对上海市虹口区2005-2011年手足口病疫情资料进行统计分析。 结果 2005-2011年虹口区手足口病年均发病率为31.44/10万;发病高峰为5-7月;7岁及以下年龄组病例占总病例数的95.08%,发病以幼托儿童和散居儿童为主,占总病例数的93.68%,男女性别比为1.44:1;江湾镇、凉城和广中社区手足口病发病居前3位;病原以柯萨奇病毒A组16型和肠道病毒71型感染为主。 结论 手足口病的发病有明显年龄、性别、季节特征。加强多部门组织管理、实施疾病监测与分析、有效处置疫情、开展针对重点人群健康教育是控制手足口病流行的关键。     

上海市人群H1、H3、H5、H9亚型流感病毒抗体血清学监测

为了解上海市人群既往感染流感病毒A/H3N2、A/H1N1的免疫保护以及接触禽类人群中禽流感病毒H5、H9亚型既往感染状况,进行了H1、H3、H5、H9亚型流感病毒抗体的血清学监测.     

甲型流感病毒血凝素基因变异与抗原变异关系研究

目的 了解甲型流感病毒流行株的血凝素基因变异和抗原变异及两者间的关系,结合流行病学资料分析基因变异和抗原变异的吻合情况.方法 从2005-2007年上海市季节性流感样病例分离到的甲型流感病毒株中,选取H1N1、H3N2两个亚型中部分有代表性的病毒株,并同WHO北半球流感疫苗推荐株一起,进行血凝素全基因序列测定后做基因进化树分析.同时用灭活的全病毒抗原免疫金黄地鼠,通过血凝抑制试验测定病毒的血凝效价,对血凝抑制结果进行聚类分析,绘制病毒的抗原变异图.结果 H3N2分离株与WHO北半球疫苗推荐株A/Sydney/5/97、A/Fujian/411/2002处于不同的基因进化分枝上,时间间隔越久,进化距离越远,同样的结果也出现在抗原变异分析中.而H1N1分离株的基因变异情况和抗原变异情况则不一致,在基因变异中,与疫苗推荐株A/New Caledonia/20/1999的距离远近受到分离时间的影响,抗原变异还与病毒是否从散发病例或聚集性病例分离有关.结论 流感病毒血凝素的基因变异和抗原变异的结果基本吻合,采用流行株免疫血清的血凝抑制试验能更好地反映病毒的变异和进化情况.     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素蛋白基因进化研究

Objective To determine the evolutionary rate and divergence time of influenza A virus HA gene isolated recently worldwide pandemic and explore the origin and its transmission. Methods A total of 344 HI sequences available in the GenBank (including 248 isolated from human, 84 from swine, 11 from avian, and 1 from ferret) and 7 isolated in Shanghai were collected. The nucleotide substitution rate and time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was calculated using molecular clock theory and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Then genetic phylogeny was constructed referring to posterior distribution. Results It was found that H1 sequences in the US from human, swine and avian were clustered significantly with swine H1 ones from Asia phylogenetieally (Cluster US). The second cluster (Cluster Eurasian Human) nearly consisted of human H1 sequences isolated in other regions. The third cluster (Cluster Eurasian Animal) consisted of swine and avian H1 sequences from China and Italy respectively. As for all the H1 sequences, the evolutionary rate was of 2.57×10-3substitutions/site per year averagely (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1.96×10-3-3.03×10-3/site per year). The estimated dates for tMRCA of human H1 in Europe and swine H1 in the mainland of China were the earliest, with the corresponding rates of 6.46×10-3/site per year and 0.97×10-3/site per year respectively. The tMRCAs of human and swine H1 sequences from the US were similar, with the rates of 5.86×10-3/site per year and 5.02×10-3/site per year. Conclusion The present flu outbreak was possibly induced by long-term circulation of influenza A virus (H1 N1) in human population and swine herds in America. There was no evidence proving that influenza virus in China involved in the present outbreak.     

甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒血凝素蛋白基因进化研究

Objective To determine the evolutionary rate and divergence time of influenza A virus HA gene isolated recently worldwide pandemic and explore the origin and its transmission. Methods A total of 344 HI sequences available in the GenBank (including 248 isolated from human, 84 from swine, 11 from avian, and 1 from ferret) and 7 isolated in Shanghai were collected. The nucleotide substitution rate and time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was calculated using molecular clock theory and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) based on Markov chain Monte Carlo. Then genetic phylogeny was constructed referring to posterior distribution. Results It was found that H1 sequences in the US from human, swine and avian were clustered significantly with swine H1 ones from Asia phylogenetieally (Cluster US). The second cluster (Cluster Eurasian Human) nearly consisted of human H1 sequences isolated in other regions. The third cluster (Cluster Eurasian Animal) consisted of swine and avian H1 sequences from China and Italy respectively. As for all the H1 sequences, the evolutionary rate was of 2.57×10-3substitutions/site per year averagely (95% Highest Posterior Density: 1.96×10-3-3.03×10-3/site per year). The estimated dates for tMRCA of human H1 in Europe and swine H1 in the mainland of China were the earliest, with the corresponding rates of 6.46×10-3/site per year and 0.97×10-3/site per year respectively. The tMRCAs of human and swine H1 sequences from the US were similar, with the rates of 5.86×10-3/site per year and 5.02×10-3/site per year. Conclusion The present flu outbreak was possibly induced by long-term circulation of influenza A virus (H1 N1) in human population and swine herds in America. There was no evidence proving that influenza virus in China involved in the present outbreak.