Oral cancer prediction by noninvasive genetic screening

Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) develop in genetically altered epithelium in the mucosal lining, also coined as fields, which are mostly not visible but occasionally present as white oral leukoplakia (OL) lesions. We developed a noninvasive genetic assay using next-generation sequencing (NGS) on brushed cells to detect the presence of genetically altered fields, including those that are not macroscopically visible. The assay demonstrated high accuracy in OL patients when brush samples were compared with biopsies as gold standard. In a cohort of Fanconi anemia patients, detection of mutations in prospectively collected oral brushes predicted oral cancer also when visible abnormalities were absent. We further provide insight in the molecular landscape of OL with frequent changes of TP53, FAT1 and NOTCH1. NGS analysis of noninvasively collected samples offers a highly accurate method to detect genetically altered fields in the oral cavity, and predicts development of OSCC in high-risk individuals. Noninvasive genetic screening can be employed to screen high-risk populations for cancer and precancer, map the extension of OL lesions beyond what is visible, map the oral cavity for precancerous changes even when visible abnormalities are absent, test accuracy of promising imaging modalities, monitor interventions and determine genetic progression as well as the natural history of the disease in the human patient.     

核医学学科新增医疗服务项目定价方法研究

目的：基于以价值为基础的定价方法，计算核医学学科新增医疗服务项目镭[²²³ Ra]骨转移瘤治疗的医疗服务价格。为相关新增医疗服务项目的申报和定价打下循证基础，为合理补偿医务人员劳动价值、提升患者服务项目可及性提供依据。方法：采集2021年3—12月使用“镭核素[²²³ Ra]骨转移瘤治疗资源投入及费用数据采集表”相关数据，开展专家访谈进行系数赋值和基线对照项目确定，得到镭[²²³ Ra]骨转移瘤治疗服务各个环节的成本和新增服务的价值。结果：镭[²²³ Ra]骨转移瘤治疗服务按服务特点分为注射前评估、治疗计划、给药、给药后监测、废弃物处理与监测等环节，各环节3地平均人力耗时分别为104分钟、39分钟、25分钟、72分钟和56分钟，中位物耗成本为48.20元，3地总成本(平均人力成本+中位物耗成本)为763.68元。结合系数赋值结果和基线对比项目，得到新增项目的价值为810.19元。结论：运用基于技术难度和风险程度的价值定价理论，计算镭[²²³ Ra]骨转移瘤治疗新增医疗服务项目的服务价值，建议以价值作为服务定价依据。该定价公式和研究方法不仅可用于其他核医学学科新增服务项目的定价，还适用于现行医疗服务项目的价格动态调整，为未来学科价格工作提供方法学参考。     

Existing fixation modalities for Jones type fifth metatarsal fracture fixation pose high rates of complications and nonunion

Jones type fifth metatarsal fractures pose a challenge to the foot and ankle surgeon, given documented high nonunion rates as well as high complication rates including hardware prominence, nerve injury, and screw breakage for existing treatment modalities including screw and plantar plate fixation. We call for the design of innovative Jones-fracture specific implants which contour to the natural curve of the fifth metatarsal. Future research should aim to expand upon existing literature for Jones fracture fixation and evaluate efficacy of novel implants which are designed to address unacceptably high complication rates for existing treatment modalities.     

基于动脉自旋标记技术的麻痹性痴呆患者脑血流量特点及其与认知障碍相关性

目的探讨麻痹性痴呆（GPI）患者脑血流量（CBF）特点及其与认知障碍的相关性。 方法纳入2018年1月至2019年12月于首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院就诊的GPI患者18例和健康体检者18例（健康对照组），采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表评定认知功能。采用磁共振动脉自旋标记技术扫描评估其各个脑区CBF，并进一步应用Spearman相关分析CBF异常区域与认知功能的相关性。 结果GPI患者蒙特利尔认知评估量表评分低于健康对照组[（16.00 ± 7.19）vs. （27.90 ± 1.21）：t =－7.853、P < 0.001）]。18例GPI患者中，头颅MRI正常5例，脑白质病变1例，脑萎缩9例，3例患者同时存在脑萎缩和脑白质病变。健康对照组头颅MRI均未见异常。GPI患者脑13、14、28、37、38、41、42、43、44、46、48、49、50、51、52、69、70、77、78、83、84、88、109、117、165、166、167、168、169、177、178、179、187、188、211、212、213、214、215、216、219、223、227、237和238区CBF显著高于健康对照组（P均< 0.001）。GPI患者认知障碍中的注意力障碍与脑69、70、77、78、166和168区CBF异常有一定的负相关性（r =－0.476、P = 0.046，r =－0.487、P = 0.034，r =－0.604、P = 0.008，r = －0.545、P = 0.019，r =－0.544、P = 0.02，r =－0.522、P = 0.026）。 结论GPI患者存在全脑血流量升高。GPI患者认知功能障碍中的注意力障碍可能与局部脑区血流量升高有一定相关性。局部CBF越高，注意力障碍越严重。这可能也是GPI发病机制之一。