硬膜外麻醉下剖宫产术中的呕吐

恶心、呕吐是硬膜外麻醉下剖宫产术中最常见的并发症。它不仅影响产妇及胎儿，同时也给手术损伤及麻醉管理带来麻烦，甚至会造成产妇误吸的危险。若于术中给予适当的药物处理可以有效地治疗及预防。     

无创通气在撤离呼吸机过程中的应用

传统撤机方法在撤离呼吸机的过程中存在着很多弊病，在无创机械通气（NMV）应用越来越广泛的今天，对适当的病人使用NMV介入撤机过程，将改善传统撤机方法所产生的许多并发症，达到甚至超过传统撤机方法的撤机效果。     

兔肢体爆炸伤合并海水浸泡后在不同复温速率及维持浅低体温下机体炎症反应的特征

Objective To investigate effects of different rewarming rates and maintenance of light hypothermia on inflammatory response in rabbits after limb blast injury, coupled with seawater immersion. Methods First, the model of limb blast injury coupled with seawater immersion was reproduced [the animals were immersed to low body temperature of (31.0±0.5℃)]. Then, 24 adult rabbits were randomly divided into group Ⅰ [the rapid rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (8.94±0.93)℃/h], group Ⅱ [the slow rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (3.88±0.22)℃/h], group Ⅲ [another slow rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (2.18±0.12)℃/h], and the H group [the hypothermia group, n =6, rewarmed to (34 - 35)℃ at a rate of (4.49±0.66)℃/h and kept at that temperature till termination of the experiment]. Regulation of ambient temperature and warm transfusion were used to restore body temperature to target levels and maintained there for 6 hours. Blood samples were taken at 5 different times, I.e. Pre-injury time(T0), post-immersion time (T1), the time when rewarming started (T2), 3 h after rewarming (T3), and 6 h after rewarming (T4). Tissue samples from heart, liver, intestinum, lung and kidney were also collected. Levels of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-1β (interleukin-1β) and IL-6 (interleukin-6) in plasma and MPO (myeloperoxidase) in homogenate were detected. Results Following rewarming, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 concentrations in the plasma of the animals in group Ⅰ and group H were significantly higher when compared with those of the animals in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ (P<0.05, P<0.01), and MPO activity in homogenate was significantly higher when compared with that of the animals in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ(P<0.01, P<0.05), and no statistical difference could be seen between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). Conclusions Rapid rewarming and maintenance of light hypothermia could obviously elevate TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 concentrations in plasma and MPO activity in homogenate, following limb blast injury coupled with hypothermia induced by seawater immersion, while slow rewarming (with a rewarming rate of 2-4℃/h) could significantly inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels and PMN activity.     

硬膜外麻醉下剖宫产术中的呕吐

恶心、呕吐是硬膜外麻醉下剖宫产术中最常见的并发症。它不仅影响产妇及胎儿,同时也给手术操作及麻醉管理带来麻烦,甚至会造成产妇误吸的危险。若于术中给予适当的药物处理可以有效地治疗及预防。     

模拟人SimMan在军队医学任职教育中的应用

军队医学任职教育与传统临床医学教学模式之间存在一定的矛盾。在探索教学方法及手段的过程中,初步分析了二者之间的矛盾,将模拟人Simman应用到教学中,根据学员的专业特点及兴趣编写了相关的教学课件。从中体会到了模拟人Simman在临床医学教育中的优势,对模拟人在军队医学专业的任职教育中的应用进行初步探讨,以期给其他类似的临床医学教学提供一些参考。     

糖皮质激素调节创伤后神经元胞膜钙泵研究现状

交通事故伤所造成的创伤性脑损伤（traumatic brain injury,TBI）已经成为青年人致残和死亡的主要原因。脑损伤的预防和伤后救治成为一个亟待解决的问题。TBI的病理机制是一个复杂的、多重因素相互重叠、共同作用的过程。膜通透性增加、自由基损伤、兴奋性氨基酸中毒、缺血及再灌注损伤等都参与其中,而神经元胞内钙超载是上述所有致伤因素的共同通路。     

缩合葡萄糖对犬心肺复苏后红细胞流变学影响的实验研究

目的研究缩合葡萄糖对犬心肺复苏后红细胞流变学的影响.方法健康杂种犬16只,体质量11～20.5kg,年龄1～2岁;分段随机法分为2组:对照组(复苏后仅输注乳酸林格液,n=8)、实验组(复苏后先快速输注缩合葡萄糖氯化钠溶液,而后以乳酸林格液维持,n=8).心跳骤停(cardiac arrest,CA)前5 min、CA中第5 min、CA后30、60、80、120 min于股静脉采集血液标本测定红细胞聚集指数(RAI)、红细胞变形指数(RDI)、红细胞刚性指数(RRI)、全血高切粘度(HBV)、全血低切粘度(LBV)、卡松粘度(CV)、卡松屈服应力(CYS).结果对照组RAI、RDI、RRI、LBV、CYS复苏后均有不同程度变化(P＜0.05),HBV、CV在复苏前后无统计学差异(P＞0.05);实验组各项指标在复苏前后均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).两组各项指标对应时相比较:RAI:CPR后90、120 min差异有显著性(P＜0.05);RDI:CPR后60、90、120 min差异有显著性(P＜0.05);RRI:CPR后30、60、90、120 min差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01);LBV,CYS:CPR后90min差异有显著性(P＜0.05),CPR后120 min差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01).结论非失血性心跳骤停的心肺复苏后,输注缩合葡萄糖溶液,有利于红细胞流变学的恢复.     

犬心脏停搏复苏后脑氧供需变化及高血压性再灌流的影响

目的观察犬心脏停搏(cardiac arrest,CA)复苏后再灌流期间脑氧代谢情况变化及高血压性再灌流的影响.方法建立犬电击引起室颤(ventricularfibriHation,VF)性CA 8 min后开胸心肺复苏(CPR)模型,动物随机分两组:正常血压性再灌流(NT)组(n=6),高血压性再灌流(HT)组(n=6),在自主循环恢复(ROSC)后,MAP在NT组维持于CA前基础值水平,而HT组维持于基础值的110%～115%.取动脉血及脑矢状窦血行血气分析,观察CA前及CA再灌流后30、60、120、240 min的脑动脉-矢状窦氧含量差(ca-ssDO2)及矢状窦氧分压(PssO2)变化.结果与基础值比较,CA后再灌流30min,NT组Ca-ssDO2显著下降(P＜0.05),PsO2显著升高(P＜0.01),直至再灌流240 min,Ca-ssDO2升高显著(P＜0.01),PssO2下降显著(P＜0.01).两组间比较,再灌流30min,HT组Ca-ssDO2下降显著(P＜0.01),PssO2升高显著(P＜0.01),但此后4 h内两组脑氧代谢值差别不显著(P＞0.05).结论CA复苏后脑氧供需关系失衡,高血压性再灌流进一步增加CA后早期脑氧供应.     

兔肢体爆炸伤合并海水浸泡后在不同复温速率及维持浅低体温下机体炎症反应的特征

Objective To investigate effects of different rewarming rates and maintenance of light hypothermia on inflammatory response in rabbits after limb blast injury, coupled with seawater immersion. Methods First, the model of limb blast injury coupled with seawater immersion was reproduced [the animals were immersed to low body temperature of (31.0±0.5℃)]. Then, 24 adult rabbits were randomly divided into group Ⅰ [the rapid rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (8.94±0.93)℃/h], group Ⅱ [the slow rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (3.88±0.22)℃/h], group Ⅲ [another slow rewarming group, n=6, rewarmed to (38±0.5)℃ at a rate of (2.18±0.12)℃/h], and the H group [the hypothermia group, n =6, rewarmed to (34 - 35)℃ at a rate of (4.49±0.66)℃/h and kept at that temperature till termination of the experiment]. Regulation of ambient temperature and warm transfusion were used to restore body temperature to target levels and maintained there for 6 hours. Blood samples were taken at 5 different times, I.e. Pre-injury time(T0), post-immersion time (T1), the time when rewarming started (T2), 3 h after rewarming (T3), and 6 h after rewarming (T4). Tissue samples from heart, liver, intestinum, lung and kidney were also collected. Levels of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-1β (interleukin-1β) and IL-6 (interleukin-6) in plasma and MPO (myeloperoxidase) in homogenate were detected. Results Following rewarming, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 concentrations in the plasma of the animals in group Ⅰ and group H were significantly higher when compared with those of the animals in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ (P<0.05, P<0.01), and MPO activity in homogenate was significantly higher when compared with that of the animals in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ(P<0.01, P<0.05), and no statistical difference could be seen between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05). Conclusions Rapid rewarming and maintenance of light hypothermia could obviously elevate TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 concentrations in plasma and MPO activity in homogenate, following limb blast injury coupled with hypothermia induced by seawater immersion, while slow rewarming (with a rewarming rate of 2-4℃/h) could significantly inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels and PMN activity.     

病毒灭活健康人血浆对人体血栓弹力图的影响

目的 观察冰冻病毒灭活血浆(S/D血浆)对机体血栓弹力图(TEG)的影响.方法 60例接受四肢、脊柱手术,并估计失血量在500ml以上的择期手术患者,年龄18～60岁.分段随机法随机分为3组:S/D血浆组(SDP组,n＝20)、普通新鲜冰冻血浆组(FFP组,n＝20)、10%羟乙基淀粉组(HES组,n＝20).所选择病例均采取全身麻醉方式,术中连续监测直接桡动脉血压、心电图、脉搏氧饱和度、呼末二氧化碳分压,间断监测中心静脉压.在失血量达400～500ml时开始在各组输注实验药物,输注量为8～10ml/kg,在60min内输注完毕,术中根据红细胞压积(Hct)考虑是否输注红细胞.各组在输注试验药物前、输注完毕后60min和120min采集血样.检测PT、APTT、TT、INR、FIB、TEG、PLt.采用SPSS11.0软件对各组间进行重复测量的方差分析法处理,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结果 3组患者PT、APTT、TT、INR、FIB在输注前后均无明显变化(P＞0.05).3组患者R、K值在输注后均下降,Angle值在输注前后无明显变化.输注SDP及FFP后,MA值明显升高(P＜0.05),血凝块的强度和血栓的稳定性均有不同程度的提高,而HES组MA值则在输注后明显下降(P＜0.01).结论 输注血浆制品及羟乙基淀粉后机体呈现凝血速度加快的趋势;输注病毒灭活血浆及新鲜血浆后,机体血凝块的强度和血栓的稳定性均有不同程度的提高;但输注羟乙基淀粉后,血凝块的强度及血栓的稳定性有所下降.