微创小切口在人工髋关节置换术中的应用

采用外侧小切口进行全髋人工关节置换术56例。结果切口长8~10(平均9.2)cm,单侧髋关节置换术患者术中出血量为260~380(平均340)ml,术后出血量为270~340(平均320)ml,双侧髋关节置换术患者术中出血为460~680(平均580)ml,术后出血为440~580(平均510)ml。术后3个月随访,髋关节Harris评分为平均92.5分。外侧小切口创伤小、出血少、恢复快、术后瘢痕少、美观,手术切实可行,值得临床推广。     

B超引导下穿刺治疗剖宫产术后子宫切口感染的疗效分析

目的探讨B超引导下穿刺治疗剖宫产术后子宫切口感染的临床疗效,为临床治疗提供参考。方法选取66例行剖宫产手术术后发生子宫切口感染的患者,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,各33例;对照组采用头孢他啶及替硝唑静脉滴注以抗感染,观察组在对照组的治疗方案基础上,加用B超引导下穿刺治疗,对比两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果观察组治愈率为93.94%,对照组治愈率为75.76%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组总有效率为96.97%,对照组为93.94%,两组比较差异无统计学意义;观察组的住院天数为6~15d,平均住院天数为(9.37±3.78)d;对照组的住院天数为7~21d,平均住院天数为(13.48±4.17)d,观察组的平均住院天数显著少于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 B超引导下穿刺能够显著提高剖宫产术后子宫切口感染的临床疗效,缩短患者的住院时间,值得在临床上推广应用。     

西布曲明对肥胖的2型糖尿病患者血糖的影响

目的评价西布曲明对肥胖的2型糖尿病患者血糖的影响及安全性.方法为随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的临床研究.完成观察病例31例,其中西布曲明组15例,安慰剂组16例.结果西布曲明组的A1C用药第6个月末(7.08±1.69)%明显低于试验初期(7.69±1.26)%.在用药第5个月末的空腹血糖水平(7.81±1.55)mmol/L明显低于对照组(9.79±3.55)mmol/L.在用药第2个月末和第4个月末西布曲明组的体重[分别为(69.04±8.78)kg和(68.65±8.44)kg]明显低于对照组[分别为(74.03±15.34)kg和(74.07±15.44)kg].西布曲明组在用药第3个月末甘油三酯[(0.43±0.58)mmol/L]和低密度脂蛋白[(2.28±0.65)mmol/L]明显低于安慰剂组[分别为(0.80±0.72)mmol/L和(2.50±0.35)mmol/L].两组不良反应发生率没有显著差异.结论盐酸西布曲明可以进一步改善肥胖的2型糖尿病患者的血糖,糖尿病患者使用盐酸西布曲明安全有效.     

幼儿园儿童蛲虫感染综合防治效果观察

[目的]了解杭州市幼儿园儿童蛲虫感染现状及综合防治的效果,为制定最佳的防治对策提供科学依据。[方法]选择杭州市江干区2所乙级幼儿园,采用均衡对照法设立实验组和对照组。1所幼儿园的220名儿童作为实验组,采用健康教育、卫生习惯改善、集体驱虫等综合防治方法;另1所幼儿园的131名儿童作为对照组,采用单纯驱虫法。分别调查防治前后的蛲虫感染率,比较防治前后总感染率的保护率、效果指数,对防治措施进行评价。[结果]实验组蛲虫感染率由综合防治前的3.64%(8/220)下降至防治后的1.82%(4/220),保护率为50.00%,效果指数为2.00。对照组蛲虫感染率由综合防治前的3.82%(5/131)下降至防治后的3.05%(4/131),保护率为20.16%,效果指数为1.25。[结论]加强健康教育、改善卫生习惯、开展集体驱虫等综合防治措施比单纯驱虫能更有效控制蛲虫再感染。     

高糖危象患者血清瘦素和氧化应激的关系

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of serum leptin and oxidative stress in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Methods A total of 96 patients with diabetic ketoaeidosis (DKA) and nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) were treated on a low-dose insulin protocol using intravenous infusion of insulin with the established rate of 0.1U·kg-1·h-1,with the patients on intravenous fluids and receiving nutrition by mouth and vein. The levels of serum leptin, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 96 patients with hyperglycemia crisis on admission and after insulin therapy with resolution of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis (72 hours) were measured. Another 35 healthy individuals served as normal control. Results The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin before treatment were lower in patients with hyperglycemia crisis than in normal controls, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a were more markedly elevated than those in normal controls (all P<0. 05). The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin in patients after treatment were significantly higher than those in patients before treatment, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a. were significantly lower than those in patients on admission (all P<0. 05). There was significant positive correlation between leptin and MDA in patients before treatment (r=0. 38, P<0. 05), and the level of leptin was negatively correlated with MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a in patients after treatment (r1 = - 0. 35, r2= - 0. 37, both P < 0. 05). In stepwise regression analysis, MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α showed a significant association with leptin. Conclusion The levels of leptin are significantly lowered in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Oxidative stress may participate in determining the leptin level in hyperglycemia crisis.     

高糖危象患者血清瘦素和氧化应激的关系

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of serum leptin and oxidative stress in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Methods A total of 96 patients with diabetic ketoaeidosis (DKA) and nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) were treated on a low-dose insulin protocol using intravenous infusion of insulin with the established rate of 0.1U·kg-1·h-1,with the patients on intravenous fluids and receiving nutrition by mouth and vein. The levels of serum leptin, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 96 patients with hyperglycemia crisis on admission and after insulin therapy with resolution of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis (72 hours) were measured. Another 35 healthy individuals served as normal control. Results The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin before treatment were lower in patients with hyperglycemia crisis than in normal controls, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a were more markedly elevated than those in normal controls (all P<0. 05). The activities of SOD, TAC and the levels of leptin in patients after treatment were significantly higher than those in patients before treatment, and the levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a. were significantly lower than those in patients on admission (all P<0. 05). There was significant positive correlation between leptin and MDA in patients before treatment (r=0. 38, P<0. 05), and the level of leptin was negatively correlated with MDA and 8-iso-PGF2a in patients after treatment (r1 = - 0. 35, r2= - 0. 37, both P < 0. 05). In stepwise regression analysis, MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α showed a significant association with leptin. Conclusion The levels of leptin are significantly lowered in patients with hyperglycemia crisis. Oxidative stress may participate in determining the leptin level in hyperglycemia crisis.     

不同糖耐量者胰岛β细胞功能与血脂的关系

目的 探讨不同糖耐量者胰岛β细胞功能与甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸等血脂间的关系。方法 研究对象测定血糖、胰岛素、血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）及游离脂肪酸（FFA）等。选取年龄在30～80岁之间且既往无糖尿病史者共251例。按1999年WHO的糖尿病诊断标准将研究对象分成新发糖尿病组（DM组）、糖耐量异常组（IGR组）和正常对照组（NGT组）。结果 校正年龄和BMI后，NGT组、IGR组、DM组的Homa—β和葡萄糖处置指数（DI）依次减低，两两比较差别具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；与NGT组比较，IGR组和DM组的TG、FFA水平增高有统计学意义（P（0．05）。相关分析显示DI指数与TG、FFA呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论 T2DM和IGR人群均存在血清TG和FFA水平增加和胰岛β细胞功能减退；血清TG和FFA水平越高，胰岛β细胞功能减退越明显，前者与胰岛β细胞功呈轻度负相关。     

吸烟对2型糖尿病患者血清细胞黏附分子水平和氧化应激的影响

目的 探讨吸烟对男性2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清细胞黏附分子(CAM)水平和氧化应激的影响.方法 选择112例男性T2DM患者,其中吸烟T2DM患者63例,非吸烟T2DM患者49例,另选择30例男性非吸烟健康者为对照组.检测3组受检者血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1(sVCAM-1)、E-选择素、丙二醛水平及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.结果 吸烟T2DM组患者血清丙二醛、sICAM-1、sVCAM-1水平及SOD活性[分别为(8.2±3.6)、(1 033±201)μg/L、(2.2±1.5)μg/L、(71±10)U/ml]与对照组[分别为(4.2±2.4)μmol/L、(579±112)μg/L、(1.4±0.9)μg/L和(105±16)U/ml]及非吸烟T2DM组[分别为(6.5±4.9)μmol/L、(899±121)μg/L、(1.4±0.8)μg/L和(82±11)U/ml]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).吸烟T2DM患者和非吸烟T2DM患者E-选择素水平[(62±28)μg/L和(59±19)μg/L]与对照组[(41±15)μg/L]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).重度吸烟T2DM组患者血清sICAM-1、丙二醛水平[分别为(1 119±188)μg/L、(9.5±3.4)μmol/L]及SOD活性[(61±10)U/ml]与非吸烟T2DM组[分别为(899±121)μg/L、(6.5±4.9)μmol/L和(82±11)U/ml]、轻度吸烟T2DM组[分别为(938±137)μg/L、(7.6±2.4)μmol/L和(77±9)U/ml]、中度吸烟T2DM组[分别为(986±151)μg/L、(8.3±2.5)μmol/L和(67±12)U/ml]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);中度吸烟T2DM组患者血清sICAM-1、丙二醛水平及SOD活性与非吸烟T2DM组、轻度吸烟T2DM组比较,差异亦均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).吸烟T2DM患者血清sICAM-1水平与收缩压、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及丙二醛、E-选择素水平呈正相关(r值分别为0.36、0.29、0.38、0.28,P＜0.05),与SOD活性呈负相关(r=-0.25,P＜0.05);血清sVCAM-1水平与收缩压、HOMA-IR、丙二醛水平呈正相关(r值分别为0.25、0.28、0.32,P＜0.05);E-选择素水平与HOMA-IR、sICAM-1、丙二醛水平呈正相关(r值分别为0.31、0.28、0.30,P＜0.05),与SOD活性呈负相关(r=-0.22,P＜0.05).结论 吸烟可增加男性T2DM患者血清CAM水平及氧化应激,且吸烟量与sICAM-1和氧化应激水平相关.     

人工全髋关节置换与非骨水泥型半髋置换术治疗老年移位股骨颈骨折对比研究

目的 通过对一定病例资料的统计,比较人工全髋关节置换与非骨水泥型半髋置换术治疗老年移位股骨颈骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析进入我院治疗的69例老年移位股骨颈骨折患者,根据患者自主选择的治疗方法进行分组:人工全髋关节置换组(治疗组)40例,非骨水泥型半髋置换术组(对照组)29例.术后2年对患者进行随访:通过对患者术后并发症,疼痛状况,翻修率的统计,结合对髋关节功能的评分,评价两组手术方法的临床安全性和临床有效性.结果 治疗组并发症的发生率和翻修率与对照组无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05),治疗组患者的疼痛状况明显低于对照组且治疗组的髋关节功能评分高于对照组,二组治疗结果差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 人工全髋关节置换术治疗老年移位股骨颈骨折具有更高的安全性和有效性.     

脂肪酸代谢异常与糖尿病性心肌肥厚

正常心肌能量来源以脂肪酸为主，糖尿病时血中游离脂肪酸升高，心肌摄取脂肪酸也增加，开始时摄取的脂肪酸激活过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)α调节的心肌脂肪酸代谢相关酶的活性和表达，增加心脏对脂肪酸的利用。而后由于心脏失代偿使相关酶的表达下调，脂肪酸β氧化减少；而同时糖尿病心肌糖代谢的异常也可抑制脂肪酸β氧化，使脂质中间代谢产物沉积，损害心脏的结构和功能，促进心肌肥厚的发生。