血糖对冠状动脉病变的影响和相关保护因素

糖尿病是冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的独立危险因子,而空腹血糖受损和糖耐量受损作为糖尿病前的糖代谢状态对冠状动脉的病变也是危险因素。另外,急性心肌梗死会导致机体处于应激状态,对包括冠状动脉在内的全身血管有着不同程度的影响。糖尿病可激活血管炎症、纤维化、重构、斑块形成、血栓形成等慢性变化,应激性高血糖则是更强更快速地损伤血管,如更强的免疫激活、细胞膜电位和受体变化、血流动力学改变。而胰岛素对以上两种情况下高血糖导致的损伤均有保护作用。     

糖尿病合并不同程度冠状动脉粥样硬化患者外周血EMP及EPC水平的研究

目的探讨糖尿病患者EMPs、EPCs与不同程度冠状动脉粥样硬化病变及糖代谢异常的关系。方法117例糖尿病患者,根据临床症状、心肌标记物水平以及冠状动脉造影及冠脉内血管超生(IVUS)结果,将患者分为急性冠脉综合症组(A组,n=45)、稳定型心绞痛组(B组,n=27)、冠状动脉病变组(狭窄＜50%,C组,n=45)。采用流式细胞术检测3组患者外周血中CD144⁺/Annexin V+的内皮微颗粒以及CD34⁺/CD39⁺内皮祖细胞的水平,并检测血脂、血糖、糖化血红蛋白、炎性指标、心肌标记物、肝肾功能等各项指标。结果 3组相比,年龄、性别、血压、吸烟、体质量指数、血脂等组间差异均无统计学意义。超敏C反应蛋白、CK-MB、HsTnT均在A组中较高,与其余两组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001)。3组之间空腹血糖、餐后血糖及糖化血红蛋白差异无统计学意义。外周血的CD144⁺/Annexin V+EMPs水平3组间差异有统计学意义,其中A组显著高于B组(P＜0.05),且A、B组CD144⁺/Annexin V+EMPs水平显著高于C组(P＜0.05),EMPs水平与糖化血红蛋白不相关。A、B组外周血CD34⁺/CD39⁺EPCs水平显著低于C组(P＜0.05),而A、B组间无差异,且EPCs水平与糖化血红蛋白呈负相关。结论 糖尿病患者冠脉病变加重是导致外周血CD144⁺/Annexin V+EMPs水平升高的主导损伤因素。糖代谢异常对内皮功能的损伤主要是通过损伤内皮修复功能因素实现的。     

血管内超声评价雷帕霉素洗脱支架再狭窄及早期血栓形成

Objective To identify underlying mechanical risk factors of that developed in-stent restenosis (ISR) or early stent thrombosis in sirolimus-eluting stent (SES)-treated lesions using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Methods IVUS were performed in 60 (ISR, n = 43; early stent thrombosis, n = 17) patients (event group) and in 34 patients without ISR and early stent thrombosis (noevent group) underwent SES implantations. Results Compared with the no-event group, minimum stent area [MSA, (4.6±1.6) mm2 vs. (5.8±1.6) mm2, P ＜0.01], minimum stent diameter [(2.2±0.5) mm vs. (2.5±0.4) mm, P＜0.01],andstentexpansion[(69.2±20.7)% vs. (80.6±17.2)%,P＜ 0.01] were significantly smaller, and longitudinal stent symmetry index (MSA/maximum stent area, 2.0±0.6 vs. 1.7±0.6, P ＜ 0.05) was significantly larger in the event group. Incidence of MSA ＜ 4.0 mm2(43.3% vs. 14.7%, P ＜0.01) and stent expansion ＜60% (40.7% vs. 11.8%, P ＜0.01) were more frequent in the event group than that in no-event group. Furthermore, proximal residual plaque burden was significantly higher compared to the no-event group [(49.0±15.5) % vs. (38.4±17.6) %, P ＜ 0.01]. Independent predictors of post SES 1SR or early thrombosis were MSA (OR:0.7, 95% CI:0.5-0.8, P ＜ 0.01) and proximal residual plaque burden (OR:280.7, 95% CI: 17.2-40 583.6, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion Smaller MSA and higher proximal residual plaque burden are independent predictors of ISR or early thrombosis post SES implantations.     

心脏置入电子装置对三尖瓣功能的影响

目的探讨心脏置入电子装置术后对三尖瓣反流的影响因素及可能的发生机制。方法选取置入永久性心脏起搏器、置入式心脏除颤器、临床资料及随访心脏超声资料完整的患者共420例进行回顾性分析,根据术前心脏超声检查三尖瓣反流的程度将患者分为正常组316例与异常组104例,对2组及正常组中单腔起搏器、双腔起搏器、三腔起搏器、置入式心脏除颤器患者的临床资料及心脏超声资料进行比较,并行相关性分析。结果所有患者中,与术前三尖瓣反流面积(TR)/右心房面积(RA)比较,不同程度三尖瓣反流患者其术后TR/RA明显升高(P<0.01);与置入心脏再同步心律治疗比较,置入单腔、双腔起搏器患者术后TR/RA较术前TR/RA明显升高(P<0.01);与术前TR/RA比较,正常组不同程度三尖瓣反流患者术后TR/RA明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);与0~12个月比较,13~24、25~36和≥37个月术后TR/RA明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);Spearman相关分析显示,术后三尖瓣反流程度与术前三尖瓣反流程度、置入起搏器时限、右心房内径、N末端B型钠尿肽呈正相关(r=0.405,P=0.005;r=0.246,P=0.005;r=0.144,P=0.043;r=0.153,P=0.028)。结论无论术前三尖瓣有无反流,心脏电子装置置入术后均可引起不同程度的三尖瓣反流。     

血管内超声评价雷帕霉素洗脱支架再狭窄及早期血栓形成

Objective To identify underlying mechanical risk factors of that developed in-stent restenosis (ISR) or early stent thrombosis in sirolimus-eluting stent (SES)-treated lesions using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Methods IVUS were performed in 60 (ISR, n = 43; early stent thrombosis, n = 17) patients (event group) and in 34 patients without ISR and early stent thrombosis (noevent group) underwent SES implantations. Results Compared with the no-event group, minimum stent area [MSA, (4.6±1.6) mm2 vs. (5.8±1.6) mm2, P ＜0.01], minimum stent diameter [(2.2±0.5) mm vs. (2.5±0.4) mm, P＜0.01],andstentexpansion[(69.2±20.7)% vs. (80.6±17.2)%,P＜ 0.01] were significantly smaller, and longitudinal stent symmetry index (MSA/maximum stent area, 2.0±0.6 vs. 1.7±0.6, P ＜ 0.05) was significantly larger in the event group. Incidence of MSA ＜ 4.0 mm2(43.3% vs. 14.7%, P ＜0.01) and stent expansion ＜60% (40.7% vs. 11.8%, P ＜0.01) were more frequent in the event group than that in no-event group. Furthermore, proximal residual plaque burden was significantly higher compared to the no-event group [(49.0±15.5) % vs. (38.4±17.6) %, P ＜ 0.01]. Independent predictors of post SES 1SR or early thrombosis were MSA (OR:0.7, 95% CI:0.5-0.8, P ＜ 0.01) and proximal residual plaque burden (OR:280.7, 95% CI: 17.2-40 583.6, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion Smaller MSA and higher proximal residual plaque burden are independent predictors of ISR or early thrombosis post SES implantations.     

冠状动脉慢血流现象的临床分析

目的:探讨冠状动脉造影术中冠状动脉慢血流现象相关的危险因素.方法:回顾分析2008年1月-2009年12月295例因胸痛、胸闷、心悸等在复旦大学附属中山医院行冠状动脉造影显示冠状动脉无明显病变患者的临床资料,根据判定标准分为慢血流组(n=196)及血流正常组(n=99).应用t检验和卡方检验比较2组间各项临床指标的差异,并采用多元Logistic回归分析对导致慢血流的各因素进行分析.结果:2组患者的年龄、高血压痛所占比例、白细胞计数、血小板计数、空腹血糖、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、超敏C反应蛋白水平等差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而慢血流组男性(73.5％比42.4％,P＜0.01)、吸烟者所占比例(36.2％比24.2％,P=0.038)显著高于血流正常组,高密度脂蛋白水平(1.12±0.25比1.21±0.36,P=0.014)显著低于血流正常组,血尿酸水平(370.34±107.9比326.90±92.4,P＜0.01)显著高于血流正常组.多元logistic逐步回归分析表明,男性、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇下降、尿酸升高是影响慢血流发生的危险因素.结论:吸烟、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低、尿酸升高可能参与冠脉慢血流发生的病理生理过程.     

血管内超声评价雷帕霉素洗脱支架再狭窄及早期血栓形成

Objective To identify underlying mechanical risk factors of that developed in-stent restenosis (ISR) or early stent thrombosis in sirolimus-eluting stent (SES)-treated lesions using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Methods IVUS were performed in 60 (ISR, n = 43; early stent thrombosis, n = 17) patients (event group) and in 34 patients without ISR and early stent thrombosis (noevent group) underwent SES implantations. Results Compared with the no-event group, minimum stent area [MSA, (4.6±1.6) mm2 vs. (5.8±1.6) mm2, P ＜0.01], minimum stent diameter [(2.2±0.5) mm vs. (2.5±0.4) mm, P＜0.01],andstentexpansion[(69.2±20.7)% vs. (80.6±17.2)%,P＜ 0.01] were significantly smaller, and longitudinal stent symmetry index (MSA/maximum stent area, 2.0±0.6 vs. 1.7±0.6, P ＜ 0.05) was significantly larger in the event group. Incidence of MSA ＜ 4.0 mm2(43.3% vs. 14.7%, P ＜0.01) and stent expansion ＜60% (40.7% vs. 11.8%, P ＜0.01) were more frequent in the event group than that in no-event group. Furthermore, proximal residual plaque burden was significantly higher compared to the no-event group [(49.0±15.5) % vs. (38.4±17.6) %, P ＜ 0.01]. Independent predictors of post SES 1SR or early thrombosis were MSA (OR:0.7, 95% CI:0.5-0.8, P ＜ 0.01) and proximal residual plaque burden (OR:280.7, 95% CI: 17.2-40 583.6, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion Smaller MSA and higher proximal residual plaque burden are independent predictors of ISR or early thrombosis post SES implantations.     

逆向导引钢丝捕获技术治疗慢性完全闭塞病变一例

冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变手术失败的主要原因之一是导引钢丝无法通过闭塞病变[1-4].当靶血管有可视侧支血管供应,如导引钢丝无法前向通过病变时,可尝试采用逆行导引钢丝反向通过闭塞病变.采用逆行导引钢丝技术时,当导引钢丝逆行通过闭塞病变后,可以采取逆行导引钢丝对吻技术、逆行导引钢丝通过技术或逆行导引钢丝捕获技术完成介入治疗[5-22].本文对一例使用逆向导引钢丝捕获技术成功开通闭塞病变的病例进行报道.     

陈旧性前壁心肌梗死患者自体骨髓单个核细胞移植后左室心肌灌注及收缩功能的变化

目的　评价经冠状动脉内自体骨髓单个核细胞移植对陈旧性心肌梗死患者心功能和心肌灌注的影响及其安全性。方法与结果　入选 10例陈旧性前壁心肌梗死患者 ,在冠状动脉造影和介入治疗后 ,经冠状动脉内灌注导管将自体骨髓单个核细胞缓慢注入前降支。随访 3个月后 ,左室射血分数由术前 4 5 3%± 9 8%升高至 5 4 5 %± 6 5 % (P =0 0 0 3) ;2 0 1 Tl心肌灌注显像 (SPECT)显示左心室心肌灌注明显改善 ,即刻和延迟心肌灌注评分分别由术前的 2 9 5± 5 8和 2 8 6± 6 3降低至 2 3 9±5 7和 2 3 0± 6 1(P均 <0 0 1) ,没有手术有关的并发症和恶性心律失常发生。结论　陈旧性前壁心肌梗死患者经冠状动脉内自体骨髓单个核细胞移植 ,可显著改善左室收缩功能和心肌灌注 ,并且具有良好的临床操作安全性。