脑室-腹腔分流术中分流管腹腔端无需特殊处理

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of peritoneal catheter of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (V- P shunt) prospectively, and to determine simple, effective disposal method of peritoneal catheter. Method From Jan 2007 to Oct 2010, consecutive 40 patients with hydrocephalus were treated by V - P shunt. All patients were operated through puncture of frontal horn of lateral ventricle. And 4 cm straight abdominal incision under xiphoid was made and after shunt system had been connected well, the abdominal catheter was put into peritoneal cavity through 3 mm incision of peritoneum. Head CT scans were regularly made at the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after shunt to determine the intracranial state for all patients, and abdominal X - ray plain films were also obtained to confirm the position of peritoneal catheters at the same time. All the clinical data and results of follow - up were reviewed.Results Dynamic head CT scans showed good results of V - P shunt after surgery in all cases. And abdominal X-ray plain films at the 1st day after operation showed peritoneal catheter was located in pelvic cavity in 31 cases and lower abdominal cavity in 5 cases. At the 3rd day and 7th day after operation, the numbers of peritoneal catheter located in pelvic cavity were 35 and 39 respectively. Among these patients, a large acute subdural hematoma occurred on the same side of V - P shunt at the 5th day after operation. This patient was discharged with GCS 6 as his family refused decompressive craniectomy. The remaining 39 patients were discharged with average hospital - stay time of 11 ± 4 days after shunt. On follow - up, 1patient developed peritoneal infection one year later. After the infection was controlled, he was changed to ventriculo -atrial (V -A) shunt. There was no shunt -related complication occurred on the others during 1 -24 month follow - up periods. Conclusion V - P shunt through small straight incision under xiphoid could reduce surgical injury, shorten the operating time and obtain good Results. Dynamic observation of the location of peritoneal catheter by abdominal X - ray plain film is a simple and practical method. The peritoneal catheter will located in pelvic cavity at the 1st day after shunt in vast majority. There is no special management for peritoneal catheter in V - P shunt in required.     

经皮电刺激干预对液压脑损伤大鼠中脑组织microRNA表达的调控作用

目的 检测经皮电刺激对创伤昏迷大鼠脑神经组织中microRNA变化的调控作用。方法雄性SD大鼠12只,随机分为假手术对照组、创伤昏迷组和电刺激组,每组各4只。对创伤昏迷组与电刺激组大鼠进行中等力度液压脑损伤,伤后30rain对电刺激组大鼠行右前肢经皮电刺激,伤后1h取各动物中脑组织,经RNA抽提检测后,利用表达谱芯片进行检测,扫描杂交结果并对荧光强度进行标准化后行统计分析。结果创伤昏迷组大鼠中脑节段脑组织中,33种microRNA表达上调,38种microRNA表达下降。经皮电刺激组大鼠中脑组织中7种microRNA表达升高,48种microRNA表达降低。结论创伤昏迷动物中脑组织中出现明显的microRNA变化。经皮电刺激对创伤昏迷动物中脑组织中microRNA表达具有明确的调控作用,表明电刺激干预对中脑传导束及核团可能存在调节作用。     

创伤性双侧跨横窦硬脑膜外血肿11例报道

目的 总结创伤性双侧跨横窦硬脑膜外血肿(EDH)的临床特点和早期诊治方法.方法 对11例双侧跨横窦EDH的临床特点、影像学检查结果、治疗方法和结果进行回顾性总结.结果 11例中,2例伤后首次CT确诊,9例表现为进展性,经再次CT扫描确诊.手术治疗10例,保守治疗1例.10例发现枕骨跨横窦骨折.静脉性出血4例,静脉性和动脉性出血6例,不能确认1例.根据GOS评分,出院时恢复良好9例、中残1例、死亡1例.结论 创伤性双侧跨横窦硬脑膜外血肿多表现为进展性,以动静脉混合性出血为主.早期确诊和处理可获得良好疗效.     

老年人慢性硬脑膜下血肿

目的探讨老年人慢性硬脑膜下血肿（CSDH）的临床诊治特点。方法对钻孔引流治疗的112例老年人CSDH的临床和影像学资料进行回顾性总结，结果老年人CSDH多以偏侧症状及慢性颅内压增高起病。CT扫描上以混合密度表现多见，MRI的T1和T2加权上均表现为高信号；术后痊愈109例，死于并发症3例。结论1.CT扫描有助于早期诊断，MRI是最好的确认方法；2钻孔引流治疗老年人CSDH安全有效；3应重视对术后并发症的防治。     

自发性脑出血的手术治疗:适应证、时机和术式

<正>1概况有关统计结果显示,全球性残疾调整生命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALYs)排序中,缺血性心脏病从1990年第4位上升至2010年第1位,脑卒中从1990年第5位上升至2010年第3位[1]。而在脑卒中病人中,成人自发性脑出血(spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage,SICH)约占10%~30%,而     

颅脑创伤中的颅内压监测——放弃还是新的开始

颅内压(intracranial pressure,ICP)监测应用于临床已有50多年,尽管缺乏Ⅰ级证据,但国内外颅脑创伤(TBI)诊治指南都将ICP监测作为常规监测手段之一给予推荐[1-2].然而2012年12月新英格兰医学杂志上发表了美国学者Chesnut等[3] Benchmark Evidence from South America Trials:Treatment of Intracranial Pressure(BEST:TRIP)研究结果,引起了国、内外学者的关注和热议.因为这是ICP监测应用于重型颅脑创伤(sTBI)疗效评估的第一个随机、对照、前瞻性研究结果,其结论为:对于sTBI患者,将目标集中于控制ICP在≤20 mm Hg内治疗模式的疗效,并不优于以影像和临床监测的治疗模式.     

经岩骨-小脑幕上下联合人路切除岩尖-斜坡肿瘤

目的：报道24例岩尖-斜坡肿瘤经岩骨-小脑幕上下联合人路手术切除。方法：分析肿瘤的临床特点、神经放射学资料，详细介绍该人路的手术方法、注意事项等。结果：本组全切除和次全切除20例(83％)，无手术死亡．无严重并发症。结论：此人路适用于岩尖-中上斜坡肿瘤切除术。     

颈内动脉床突上段血泡样动脉瘤

颈内动脉床突上段血泡样动脉瘤(blood blister-like aneurysm,BBA)是起源于颈内动脉(ICA)床突上段近端前壁或前内壁(anterior or anteromedial wall),而与ICA分支无关的动脉瘤.1969年,Sundt和Murphey~([1])第一次描绘了此动脉瘤,称之为"小而无颈的动脉瘤"(small sessile aneurysm)并采用自制的Sundt管状金属套动脉瘤夹来夹闭此动脉瘤.     

脑膜瘤卒中误诊为单纯脑出血1例

脑膜瘤以出血发病者非常少见,容易造成误诊.作者收治1例,结合文献报告如下.