基于正交试验的肾造瘘管固定方案研究

目的 探讨基于正交试验的肾造瘘管不同固定方案的比较效果。方法 将14Fr硅胶肾造瘘管固定在聚乙烯展板和拉力显示器上，以固定材料、固定方法、面积为3个影响因素，每个因素3个水平，每组进行3次试验再求平均值作为最后拉力值F，共进行9个固定方案共27次试验。利用L9（33）正交试验矩阵研究不同材料（医用橡皮膏、医用透气胶带、医用无纺布胶带）、固定方法（交叉固定法、“工”字固定法和改良“工”字固定法）及面积(16 cm2、24 cm2、32 cm2）对肾造瘘管固定强度的影响。结果 正交试验所选的3种影响因素中，对拉力值影响显著性排序为：材料＞方法＞面积；3种固定材料中，医用橡皮膏固定强度最大。结论 肾造瘘管固定方案中，最佳固定组合为以医用橡皮膏结合改良“工”字法固定，可为临床管道固定方案的选择提供参考。     

Long-term prevention of bladder cancer progression by alpha1-oleate alone or in combination with chemotherapy

Bladder cancer is common and one of the most costly cancer forms, due to a lack of curative therapies. Recently, clinical safety and efficacy of the alpha1-oleate complex was demonstrated in a placebo-controlled study of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Our study investigated if long-term therapeutic efficacy is improved by repeated treatment cycles and by combining alpha1-oleate with low-dose chemotherapy. Rapidly growing bladder tumors were treated by intravesical instillation of alpha1-oleate, Epirubicin or Mitomycin C alone or in combination. One treatment cycle arrested tumor growth, with a protective effect lasting at least 4 weeks in mice receiving 8.5 mM of alpha1-oleate alone or 1.7 mM of alpha-oleate combined with Epirubicin or Mitomycin C. Repeated treatment cycles extended protection, defined by a lack of bladder pathology and a virtual absence of bladder cancer-specific gene expression. Synergy with Epirubicin was detected at the lower alpha1-oleate concentration and in vitro, alpha1-oleate was shown to enhance the uptake and nuclear translocation of Epirubicin, by tumor cells. Effects at the chromatin level affecting cell proliferation were further suggested by reduced BrdU incorporation. In addition, alpha1-oleate triggered DNA fragmentation, defined by the TUNEL assay. The results suggest that bladder cancer development may be prevented long-term in the murine model, by alpha1-oleate alone or in combination with low-dose Epirubicin. In addition, the combination of alpha1-oleate and Epirubicin reduced the size of established tumors. Exploring these potent preventive and therapeutic effects will be of immediate interest in patients with bladder cancer.     

Estimating the Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Decreasing Number of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Cases and Epidemiological Trends in China

<正>Since the first case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was detected in the United States in 1981,this disease has spread to every corner of the world.Despite the annual incidence of AIDS showing a slight decline since1997,it remains a major cause of infectious disease-related death worldwide.Unlike global epidemiological trends,the number of notified AIDS cases has increased in recent years in China^[1].     

Immunotherapy for urothelial carcinoma: Metastatic disease and beyond

For advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinomas (UCs), platinum (preferably cisplatin)‐based chemotherapy has been the standard treatment for many years. However, many patients are ineligible for cisplatin‐based chemotherapy because of poor performance status and/or other age‐related conditions. At the other end of the spectrum, patients with localized non‐muscle–invasive bladder cancer who are unresponsive to intravesical Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) treatment often face radical cystectomy as the only option. In recent years, the application of immunotherapy in the form of immune‐checkpoint inhibitors has provided viable alternatives in the second‐line postplatinum and first‐line cisplatin‐ineligible settings. Recent and ongoing clinical trials are also assessing the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy for neoadjuvant and adjuvant uses before/after cystectomy, for BCG‐unresponsive cases, and for combination treatments that include the newer indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase‐1 inhibitors and/or BCG. This review summarizes recent developments in immunotherapy for UCs.     

Comparing the efficacy of integrative body-mind-spirit intervention with cognitive behavioral therapy in patient-caregiver parallel groups for lung cancer patients using a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Purposes/objectives: This paper reports the comparative efficacies of integrative body-mind-spirit intervention (I-BMS) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in patient-caregiver parallel groups for Chinese patients with lung cancer.

Design: Randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Methods: One hundred and fifty-seven patient-caregiver dyads with no marked functional impairment were randomized into one of the two interventions with eight weekly patient-caregiver parallel groups. Assessments were conducted at baseline, within one, eight- and sixteen-weeks post-intervention. Effects of treatment group across time were analyzed by multilevel modeling.

Findings: CBT led to greater reduction in emotional vulnerability than I-BMS. I-BMS resulted in greater increase in overall QoL and spiritual self-care, and more reduction in depression than CBT. Patients in both interventions experienced improvement in physical, emotional and spiritual, except social, domains of QoL.

Conclusion: I-BMS was more efficacious for diverse domains of QoL, and CBT was more effective for emotional well-being, despite the relatively small between-group effect sizes.

Implications for psychosocial providers/policy: (1) With the expanding repertoire of psychosocial interventions for families facing lung cancer, it has become imperative to investigate the comparative efficacies of empirically supported and culturally adapted interventions. (2) Our findings show that I-BMS was more effective for diverse domains of QoL, while CBT was more efficacious with emotional well-being, although both interventions led to significant improvements in physical, emotional and spiritual domains of patient QoL. (3) Patient-caregiver parallel groups have been shown to be effective for enhancing QoL of Chinese lung cancer patients. (4) Care professionals are encouraged to dispense interventions based on the idiosyncratic needs and preferences of the patients to maximize the treatment effects.     

八珍汤对肺癌化疗致白细胞减少症临床疗效及部分机制研究

目的:探究八珍汤对肺癌化疗所致白细胞减少症的疗效及作用机制,有助于精准治疗并提高疗效。方法:选取2017年4月至2018年4月哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院收治的肺癌化疗所致白细胞减少症患者66例作为研究对象,采用数字随机表法按就诊顺序号,分为对照组和观察组,每组33例。对照组予利血生20 mg口服,3次/d;鲨肝醇100 mg口服,3次/d,升白治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用八珍汤化裁治疗,均治疗4周,观察不同方法治疗后在白细胞水平含量比较,比较治疗前、治疗末神疲乏力、心悸气短、头晕目眩、面色淡白、畏寒肢冷、纳呆食少中医症候积分和免疫功能指标CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、NK细胞变化情况,治疗过程中收集不良反应情况,结束治疗后观察疗效情况。结果:1)2组治疗1周、2周、3周、4周后白细胞计数菌显著高于治疗前(P<0.05),观察组治疗1周、2周、3周、4周后显著优于对照组(P<0.05);2)2组患者治疗前神疲乏力、心悸气短、头晕目眩、面色淡白、畏寒肢冷、纳呆食少,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),完成治疗方案后,2组患者以上指标较治疗前均显著下降(P<0.05)。治疗末观察组患者以上指标显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3)2组患者治疗前CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、NK细胞比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),完成治疗方案后,2组患者CD8^+较治疗前均显著下降,CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、NK细胞较治疗前显著升高(P<0.05),治疗末观察组患者以上指标显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。4)完成治疗后观察组患者显效率、总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。5)2组在不良反应发生率上比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:八珍汤对肺癌化疗所致白细胞减少症能升高白细胞水平,提高疗效,改善症状。可能和该药能提高机体免疫力,促使骨髓造血功能有关。     

35例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者中医临床特征分析

目的分析广东省新型冠状病毒肺炎患者临床资料及中医证候,为该病的防治提供科学依据。方法将2020年1月23日至2020年2月14日本院收治的35例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者纳为研究对象,收集患者的基本情况、流行病学史及疾病史,通过血液生化分析及胸部CT检查患者临床情况,由5名高级职称中医师对患者舌象进行诊断,并根据《广东省新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎中医药治疗方案(试行第一版)》进行辨证。结果新型冠状病毒肺炎患者年龄分布较广,平均年龄为(44.00±15.17)岁,以男性居多,57.14%的患者有武汉及周边地区旅居史,42.86%的患者有确诊患者接触史;50%以上的患者淋巴细胞绝对值降低,CD3、CD4和、CD8降低以及C反应蛋白增加;胸部CT显示,80%以上的患者出现肺部病变,其中双肺病变占60%,病变类型以斑块状阴影居多;多数患者伴有发热(85.71%)、咳嗽(80.00%)、肌肉酸痛(42.86%)、乏力(40.00%)等临床症状;患者的证型主要是湿邪郁肺(45.71%),其次为邪热壅肺(37.14%),病机特点以湿为主,其次为热;舌苔以腻苔为主,舌质以红和淡红为主。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的中医证型以湿邪郁肺为主,致病特点以"湿"为主,可针对性地采取中医治疗。