腹裂早产低体重儿产后即刻手术麻醉处理一例

正孕妇,29岁,孕15+1周时B超发现双胎之一胎儿B腹裂,孕35周时B超提示胎儿B腹壁正中偏右侧可见范围约9.6 cm × 8.8 cm × 5.7 cm 的肠管疝出。术前诊断:G1P0孕35+2周双胎待产;双胎之一胎儿腹裂。拟产后即刻行腹裂儿修补术。孕妇入室后吸氧及心电监护,在腰-硬联合麻醉下行剖宫产术。新生儿之一脐部正中偏右侧可见一腹裂口,约10 cm × 8 cm范围的肠管暴露于腹壁外。吸引口咽腔,吸出大量粪染羊水,1 min后     

喉癌根治术后患者胸腔镜下右肺肿瘤切除麻醉处理1例

目的:探讨喉腔术后颈部解剖结构改变的患者如何选择安全有效的麻醉方法。方法:分析1例喉癌根治术后需在胸腔镜下行右肺肿瘤切除的患者的临床特征及麻醉处理过程。结果:喉切除术破坏了喉和颈部的解剖结构和生理功能,术后喉腔内出现大量瘢痕增生及肉芽生长,颈部解剖结构受到破坏,不同区域的狭窄及程度决定了麻醉方法的选择。结论:对于患有喉部疾病或者曾经因喉部疾病行气管插管全麻的患者,术前必须进行充分的气道评估,在保留自主呼吸的麻醉方式下行气管插管是相对安全的。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤时β-抑制蛋白-1表达的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤时β-抑制蛋白-1表达的影响.方法 健康雌性昆明小鼠30只,体重18～20 g,采用随机数字表法,将其分为3组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、脓毒症组(CLP组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PHCD组).采用盲肠结扎穿孔法制备脓毒症模型.PHCD组于造模前1h腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.45 mg/kg,S组和CLP组给予等容量生理盐水.造模后12 h,收集肺泡灌洗液(BALF),测定总蛋白浓度;取肺组织,行肺损伤评分,测定肺湿/干重(W/D)比和肌球蛋白轻链激酶(MLCK)、血管内皮钙黏蛋白(VE-cadherin)、β-抑制蛋白-1的表达.结果 与S组比较,CLP组和PHCD组肺损伤评分、肺W/D比和BALF总蛋白浓度、肺组织MLCK表达升高,VE-cadherin表达降低,CLP组β-抑制蛋白-1表达降低,PHCD组β-抑制蛋白-1表达升高(P＜ 0.05或0.01);与CLP组比较,PHCD组肺损伤评分、肺W/D比和BALF总蛋白浓度、肺组织MLCK表达降低,VE-cadherin和β-抑制蛋白-1表达升高(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药可通过上调β-抑制蛋白-1的表达,降低肺微血管通透性,从而减轻脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤.     

细胞穿透肽PEP-1导入血红素加氧酶-1蛋白对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 评价细胞穿透肽PEP-1导入血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)蛋白对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠18只,周龄7～9周,体重210 ～ 260 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为3组(n=6):假手术组(S组)、肾缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和融合蛋白PEP-1/HO-1+肾缺血再灌注组(HO组).采用夹闭双侧肾动脉45 min恢复灌注的方法制备大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤模型.HO组于夹闭双侧肾动脉前30 min时静脉注射融合蛋白PEP-1/HO-1.于再灌注6h时取右侧颈总动脉血样,测定血清BUN和Cr浓度;取肾组织检测MDA含量和SOD活性;采用免疫组化法检测肾组织HO-1的表达.结果 与S组比较,I/R组和HO组肾组织MDA含量、血清BUN和Cr浓度升高,肾组织SOD活性降低,HO-1蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,HO组肾组织MDA含量、血清BUN和Cr浓度降低,肾组织SOD活性升高,HO-1蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05).结论 细胞穿透肽PEP-1将HO-1蛋白成功导入肾组织,导入的HO-1蛋白通过抑制脂质过氧化反应减轻肾缺血再灌注损伤.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对脂多糖诱导的内皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚(PHC)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的内皮细胞损伤的影响及其作用机制.方法 用RPMI 1640培养基将人脐静脉内皮细胞在5%CO2、37℃培养箱中培养,并分为对照组,LPS组及PHC组.检测细胞上清液乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、细胞中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和一氧化氮(NO)水平.提取细胞核蛋白,Western blot分析细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)和c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)磷酸化蛋白的表达.采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行分析,组间比较采用单因素方差分析,以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义.结果 与对照组比较.LPS组LDH含量[(1 642±367)U/L vs.(169±33)U/L]、MDA含量[(13.2±1.2)nmol/L vs.(7.2±0.8)nmoL/mL]及NO水平[(143.2±10.3)μmol/L vs.(85.5 4.4.1)μmol/L]明显增多,SOD活性明显下降[(41.2 ±2.7)U/mL vs.(61.1±2.8)U/mL],ERK1/2和JNK磷酸化表达明显增高.PHC可显著降低LDH含量[(392 4.90)U/L],降低MDA[(8.6±1.3)nmol/mL]和NO水平[(92.1 ±6.6)μmol/L],提高SOD活性[(58.0±3.0)U/mL],减弱ERK1/2磷酸化蛋白表达.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚对脂多糖诱导的内皮细胞损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与抑制ERK1/2磷酸化表达减少过氧化物的产生有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride ( PHC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced endothelial cells injury and its mechanism. Methods ECV-304 was cultured in RPMI1640 in a 5% humidified CO2 atmosphere at 37 ℃. Then cultured cells were used to assess the following treatments: control group, LPS group (1 μg/mL) and PHC group(2 μg/mL). At the end of the experiments, supernatant was collected for determination of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH), and cells were collected for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nitric oxide (NO) levels. And extracellular regulated kinasel/2( ERKl/2)and JNK MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases, MAPK) protein expressions were determined using Western blot technique. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis to compare values among all groups. A significant difference was presumed for a probability value < 0.05. Results Compared with control group, LDH leakage [(1642 ± 367) U/L vs (169±33)U/L], the contents of MDA[(13. 2 ± 1. 2) nmol/L vs (7. 2 ±0. 8)nmol/mL] and NO levels [(143.2 ± 10.3) μmol/L vs(85.5 ±4.1) μmol/L], expressions of ERK1/2 and JNK were remarkably increased and SOD activities[(41.2 ±2.7) U/mL vs (61. 1 ±2.8) U/mL] were obviously decreased in LPS group. PHC markedly decreased LDH leakage [(392 ±90) U/L], MDA contents [(8. 6 ± 1. 3) nmol/ mL] and NO levels [(92.1 ±6.6) μmol/L], ERK1/2 activation and enhanced SOD activities [(58.0± 3.0) U/mL]. Conclusions PHC could protect endothelial cells against LPS-induced cell injury. The effect of PHC is likely mediated through inhibition of ERK1/2 MAPK activation.     

细胞穿透肽PEP-1介导血红素加氧酶-1对大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 评价细胞穿透肽PEP-1介导血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)对大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠18只,周龄7～9周,体重210～260 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=6):假手术组(S组)、肠缺血再灌注组(IR组)和融合蛋白PEP-1/HO-1+肠缺血再灌注组(HO组).采用夹闭肠系膜上动脉45 min,恢复灌注120 min的方法制备大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤模型.HO组夹闭肠系膜上动脉前30 min,左侧髂静脉注射融合蛋白PEP-1/HO-1 0.5 mg,S组不夹闭肠系膜上动脉,余操作同IR组.于再灌注120 min时处死大鼠取小肠组织,称重后计算肠湿/干重比,测定丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和HO-1活性,免疫组化法检测肠组织HO-1蛋白的表达,光镜下观察肠组织结构并进行损伤评分.结果 与S组比较,IR组和HO组肠湿/干重比和MDA含量升高,SOD活性降低,HO-1活性和蛋白表达水平升高,损伤评分升高(P＜0.05);与IR组比较,HO组肠湿/干重比、MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高,HO-1活性和蛋白表达水平升高,损伤评分降低(P＜0.05).HO组大鼠肠组织病理学损伤较IR组减轻.结论 细胞穿透肽PEP-1可将HO-1成功导人大鼠肠组织中的细胞并减轻肠缺血再灌注损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mediated by cell penetrating peptide PEP-1 on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuiy in tats. Methods Eighteen male SD rats aged 7-9 weeks weighing 210-260 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (re = 6 each): sham operation group (group S) , I/R group and PEP-1/HO-1 + I/R group (group HO) . To establish a model of intestinal I/R injury, intestines were exteriorized and the superior mesenteric artery was exposed and occluded for 45 min ischemia, and then the clamp was removed for 120 min reperfusion. The PEP-1/HO-1 fusion protein 0.5 mg was injected via the left iliac vein 30 min prior to ischemia in group HO. The superior mesenteric artery was exposed but not occluded in group S. At the end of reperfusion, the rats were sacrificed and intestinal tissues obtained to determine the intestinal wet/ dry ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and HO-1, and HO-1 protein expression. The histological changes in the intestinal mucosa were examined and the injuiy was scored. Results Compared with group S, the intestinal wet/dry ratio, MDA level, HO-1 activity, HO-1 protein expression and injury score were significantly increased, while the SOD activity was significantly decreased in groups I/R and HO ( P ＜ 0.05) . Compared with group I/R, the intestinal wet/dry ratio, MDA level and injury score were significantly decreased, while the SOD activity, HO-1 activity and HO-1 protein expression increased in group HO ( P ＜ 0.05) . The pathologic changes were significantly attenuated in group HO compared with group I/R.Conclusion HO-1 protein can be successfully delivered into intestinal tissues by PEP-1 and has protective effects against intestinal I/R injury.     

药瘾动物模型的建立及药瘾治疗的实验研究

目的:建立吸毒成瘾的实验动物模型,使动物出现类似人类的毒品戒断综合征,然后观察生物制剂的治疗效果及其本身是否形成依赖性。方法:小鼠皮下注射吗啡,大鼠通过安置颈静脉导管注射吗啡,从而使动物吸毒上瘾和形成毒品依赖性。建立小鼠竖尾现象,大鼠呈湿狗样摇体反应的吸毒模型。然后使用生物制剂进行治疗并观察其疗效。通过吗啡和生物制剂交叉替代试验,确定生物制剂是否成瘾。结果:吸毒成瘾的小鼠竖尾模型,大鼠摇体的模型,戒断症状明显,行为特征易观察,重复性好。结论:生物制剂对大、小鼠吸毒成瘾的戒断症状治疗效果显著且无成瘾性。     

连续气流通气对犬血流动力学的影响

目的：观察连续气流通气期间气道压力及流量对犬血流动力学的影响。方法：选用健康犬９只,在全麻肌松下,分别采用两种气道压（０ｃｍＨ２Ｏ,３ｃｍＨ２Ｏ）,３种不同气体流量（０６,０８,１０Ｌ·ｋｇ－１／ｍｉｎ）进行ＣＦＶ,每种通气方式维持３０ｍｉｎ后抽取股动脉血作血气分析,同时,测定各种通气组合时的血流动力学参数,并与间歇正压通气（ＩＰＰＶ）比较。结果：ＣＦＶ时,各组中心静脉压显著低于ＩＰＰＶ时值（Ｐ＜００５）,其余指标无显著差异。各组ＰａＣＯ２在正常范围。结论：ＣＦＶ时,对循环功能无不良影响,由于气道内压低,故中心静脉压明显降低。     

不同镇痛方法对高血压病人上腹部手术后血浆内皮素及心钠素的影响

目的：观察不同镇痛方法对上腹部手术合并高血压病患者血浆内皮素（ET）及心钠素（ANP）的影响。方法：30例拟行上腹部手术的高血压患者根据不同镇痛方式随机分为三组：A组为对照组，术后根据需要间断肌注哌替啶镇痛；B组术后行硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）；C组术后行静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）。采用放免法测定术前、术毕、术后24h、术后48h血浆ET及ANP浓度；监测HR、BP及进行VAS评分。结果：B组及C组术后24h ET及ANP值显著低于A组（P＜0．05），且B组降低幅度更大（P＜0．01），持续时间更长，至术后48h B组仍低于A组（P＜0．05），而C组与A组比较差异无显著性。B及C组术后HR、SBP、DBP及VAS评分显著低于同期A（P＜0．05），且B组数值更低（P＜0．01）。结论：术后镇痛能有效减轻上腹部手术病人疼痛、改善循环功能、降低高血压病患者上腹部手术后ET及ANP值，减少术后并发症，有利于病人恢复，且PCEA效果更优。