膀胱全切除输尿管皮肤造瘘治疗高龄T3期膀胱肿瘤的体会（附47例报告）

目的:总结高龄T3期膀胱肿瘤行全膀胱切除并输尿管皮肤造瘘的经验。方法:2004～2011年,47例超过75岁T3期膀胱肿瘤患者接受全膀胱切除并输尿管皮肤造瘘,9例为初发,38例为复发肿瘤,既往平均手术次数(2.7±1.7)次。25例(53.2%)合并有其他器官的慢性疾病。所有患者于术中同时行双侧盆腔淋巴清扫,1例因尿道腔内肿瘤生长行尿道全切除并阴道前壁部分切除。术后输尿管内留置F7单J支架管并定期更换。以QLQ-C30(v3.0)中文版量表评价患者术前,术后6个月,12个月的生活质量。结果:47例均顺利完成手术,无术中或围手术期死亡病例。手术平均时间(266±33)min,围手术期平均输血(728±309)ml。术后病理分级T2b2例,T3a26例,T3b15例,T4a4例,N214例,N31例。随访11～67个月,平均(32.4±15.1)个月。23例(48.9%)术后3～36个月出现肿瘤复发及转移。24例(40.4%)随访中死亡,17例死于肿瘤转移,7例死于非肿瘤相关原因。23例生存至今,19例(40.4%)无瘤生存15～67个月,平均(41.5±16.2)个月,4例(8.5%)带瘤生存19～30个月。17例(36.2%)出现并发症:7例单侧肾功能下降,1例双侧肾功能减退。11例经历至少1次肾盂肾炎(2例合并单侧肾功能减退)。32例完成术后6个月QLQ-C30测定,22例完成术后12个月测定,经统计检验,术后6个月患者情绪功能改变以及术后6个月,12个月患者的主观健康状况及生活质量均与术前存在显著统计学差异。结论:高龄T3期膀胱肿瘤患者可耐受全膀胱切除,应于术中尽量缩短手术时间,缩小手术区域,以提高患者手术耐受能力。对于高龄患者,输尿管皮肤造瘘并于输尿管内长期留置输尿管支架是全膀胱切除后简便,安全,并发症少且处理简单的尿流改道方式。全膀胱切除术对提高高龄T3膀胱肿瘤患者术后生活质量和主观健康状况有积极意义。     

喜炎平联合β-内酰胺类抗生素治疗儿童化脓性扁桃体炎观察

探讨喜炎平联合β-内酰胺类抗生素治疗儿童急性化脓性扁桃体炎的临床疗效。将126例儿童急性化脓性扁桃体炎患者随机分为观察组65例与对照组61例。对照组采用β-内酰胺类抗生素治疗,观察组在此基础上加用喜炎平治疗,疗程7～10 d,比较2组的临床疗效。观察组临床症状、体征改善时间明显短于对照组（P＜0.05）,观察组总有效率高于对照组（P＜0.05）;2组患者不良反应发生率无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。喜炎平联合β-内酰胺类抗生素治疗儿童急性化脓性扁桃体炎,可显著缩短病程,提高治疗有效率,使用安全,值得临床推广。     

超长段尿道狭窄术后勃起功能的评估

目的 探讨自体组织替代治疗超长段尿道狭窄对勃起功能的影响.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2009年1月采用不同自体组织补片(阴囊纵隔、包皮内板、口腔黏膜)Onlay术式替代治疗超长段男性尿道狭窄患者的临床资料,并随访患者ⅡEF-5评分、QOL评分及最大尿流率,并与术前相应情况进行分析.结果 根据研究标准收集23份有效数据.患者术前及术后3、6、12个月QOL评分分别为5.22±0.75、1.22±1.40、1.82±1.17、2.07±0.46,最大尿流率分别为(3.93±3.62)、(22.46±4.65)、(23.81±6.22)、(21.52±7.44)ml/s,术后不同时期均较术前明显改善(P＜0.01).术前及术后3、6、12个月ⅡEF-5评分分别为14.47±9.55、14.70±5.32、14.26±3.29和14.58±3.62,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).9例狭窄部位累及至后尿道者术后3、6、12个月ⅡEF-5评分分别为11.67±2.59、12.35±1.83、13.19±1.67,14例单纯前尿道狭窄者分别为17.79±6.42、16.57±4.78、16.01±3.85,2组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).狭窄累及后尿道患者多元线性回归分析中,年龄、受伤时间及尿道狭窄段长度与替代术后ⅡEF-5评分呈多元线性相关.结论 自体组织替代治疗男性超长段尿道狭窄对勃起功能影响不明显;狭窄段累及后尿道时可能对患者勃起功能产生一定影响.患者年龄和受伤时间对勃起功能有协同影响作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of substitutive reconstruction of long urethral stricture on male erectile function. Methods From January 2007 to January 2009, 23 patients with anterior or posterior long urethral stricture were accepted for a variety of onlay substitutive procedures, including lingual mucosa, perputial skin, and mid-scrotal skin. During the follow-up, data from the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (ⅡEF-5) questionnaire and the Quality of Life (QOL) questionnaire as well as maximal flow rate were recorded. All data were compared with those obtained before surgery. Results Significant improvement in QOL (1.22 ± 1.40, 1.82 ± 1. 17,2.07± 0.46) and maximal flow rate (22.46± 4.65, 23.81 ± 6.22, 21.52 ±7.44 ) could be observed 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery compared with those before surgery (5. 22 ± 0. 75, 3. 93 ± 3. 62)(P＜0.01). No significant differences in the responses to the ⅡEF-5 questionnaire were observed among all patients during the follow-up (P＞0. 05). At the 3, 6 and 12 months after procedure,scores of ⅡEF-5 in patients with anterior urethral stricture ( 17.79 ± 6.42, 16. 57 ± 4. 78, 16.01 ±3.85) were significantly higher than those with posterior urethral stricture (11.67 ± 2.59, 12.35 ±1.83,13. 19±1.67, P＜0.05). In patients with posterior urethral stricture, the multiple linear regression showed that age, time interval of injury and length of stricture were related to the ⅡEF-5score (P＜0.05). Conclusions Substitutive reconstruction for treating the long urethral stricture has little effect on male erectile function. But the location of stricture, especially extended to posterior urethra, may have impact on the erectile function.     

输尿管憩室癌1例

患者,男,61岁。因反复出现无痛性肉眼血尿1个月入院。体检：左输尿管近膀胱入口处有压痛。尿常规检查红细胞3301／ul。静脉肾盂造影（IVP）示左侧输尿管下段近膀胱人口处呈囊袋样膨大,其内可见小片状充盈缺损,边缘欠光滑,其上段输尿管无扩张,考虑为输尿管憩室内占位性病变。核素肾图显示左侧肾小球滤过率（GFR）为36．6ml／min,右侧GFR为48．1ml／min,     

慢性肾功能衰竭左心室功能变化的观察

左心室收缩时间间期(STI)的测定和超声心动图(UCG)的检查是反映左心室功能的有效手段。本文对24例慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)患者所做的STI和UCG的结果进行统计分析,并探讨其临床意义。     

经尿道选择性绿激光PVP治疗高龄高危良性BPH

目的探讨经尿道选择性绿激光前列腺汽化术(photoselective vaporization of prostate,PVP)治疗高龄高危良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)的治疗效果。方法采用PVP治疗高龄高危BPH患者89例,术前评估准备、观察平均手术时间、术后拔管时间,出血量,术前、后国际前列腺症状评分(international prostate symptomscore,IPSS)、生活质量评分(quality of life,QOL)、剩余尿量及尿流率变化等指标。结果89例患者手术成功。手术时间平均(44.8±35.0)min。术中出血量平均(64.1±16.3)ml。术后留置导尿管平均(3.6±2.7)d。IPSS及QOI评分由术前平均(27.8±6.5)及(6.3±0.9)分别下降至(7.14±2.6)及(1.4±0.8),最大尿流率术前(6.2±2.8)ml/s增加至术后(14.7±2.2)ml/s,剩余尿量由术前(186.1±25.2)ml下降至术后(26.6±5.1)ml,手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术安全,疗效满意,无严重并发症。结论PVP针对治疗高龄高危BPH是安全有效的微创手术。     

我院实行消毒供应中心规范化管理的做法及效果

目的:研究二级医院消毒供应中心规范化管理。方法:从2002年1月开始,运用对比方法从管理模式、布局流程、工作流程、系统质量控制几个方面进行研究。结果:"中心集中规范管理"的管理模式、改造后的布局流程、再造后的工作流程、系统的质量控制方案取得了较好的管理效果。结论:医院实行消毒供应中心规范化管理取得了较好的社会效益和经济效益。     

前列腺导管腺癌临床病理和诊治特点分析

Objective To discuss the pathological and clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of prostatic duct adenocareinoma. Methods The clinical data of nine cases of prostatic duct adeno-carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed, with the average age of 76 (59-106) years. Six cases were presented with dysuresia and/or nocturia, and two of them had the painless gross hematuria. Two pa-tients presented painless gross hematuria as the first symptom. One case was detected the elevated ser-um PSA in a routine healthy examination. Radical prostatectomy (RP) was performed in 1 case;RP and bilateral orchidectomy and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) were performed in 1 case;5 cases underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) combined with photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) by green laser and bilateral orchidectomy;1 case underwent TURP combined with PVP;1 case underwent bilateral orchidectomy combined with EBRT. Eight cases took flutamide for 3-45 months. All patients were followed-up according to the scheduled time. Results The op-erations were successfully performed in all 9 patients. The papillary or cauliflower-like tumors infiltra-ted colli culus seminalis and prostate duct nearby. The glands were coated with tall pseudostratified columnar cells. The nuclei were large, dark stained with more frequent mitoses. The positive rates of immunolabelling antibody PSA, AR, PAP were found to be 89%(8/9), 100%(5/5), 100%(5/5) re-spectively. The distribution of Gleason score was 6-7(3 cases), and≥8(6 cases), and a coexisting acinar carcinoma component was identified in 5 cases of the group. Nine cases had a mean follow up for 20(3-48) months. Five cases have developed biochemical recurrence, of whom 3 died of bone metas-tasis and multiple organ failure, and 1 developed lung and bone metastasis. Three cases remained alive without recurrence. The remaining 1 case survives during the follow-up survey for 6 months until now, without examinations due to the old age. Conclusions Duct adenocarcinoma of the prostate presents the low incidence and lacks of typical symptoms in the early stage. Diagnosis was confirmed mainly on the basis of pathology. The tumors tend to have a more advanced stage and a very short term survival rate. The treatment options and management are similar to that of high-grade adenocar-cinoma of the prostate;meanwhile, close follow-up survey should be performed.     

慢性细菌性前列腺炎患者精子中促凋亡蛋白Omi/HtrA2的表达

目的:检测慢性细菌性前列腺炎患者精子中促凋亡蛋白Omi/HtrA2的表达,探讨该疾患影响男性生育的可能机制。方法:采集41例慢性细菌性前列腺炎患者(A组)和12例健康生育男性(B组)的精液后,分别检测精液中炎症细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-1β)的浓度和精子密度、活动力及形态。精液经47.5%、57%、76%和95%Percoll梯度分离法分离后,分别用RT-PCR和Western印迹法检测精子促凋亡蛋白Omi/HtrA2的表达。结果:A组与B组炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β的浓度分别为:(53.62±27.60)pg/ml、(60.75±32.42)pg/ml和(25.03±5.02)pg/ml、(18.70±7.06)pg/ml,两组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。A组中促凋亡蛋白Omi/HtrA2的转录和表达水平亦显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:慢性细菌性前列腺炎患者精子中促凋亡蛋白Omi/HtrA2的表达上调。