药物联合正念减压治疗对广泛性焦虑障碍的疗效

 目的 研究药物联合正念减压治疗对广泛性焦虑障碍(generalized anxiety disorder,GAD)的效果。方法 收集2017-06至2019-05入院的GAD患者76例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,各38例,两组均给予常规精神科心理指导及系统药物治疗,研究组同时给予正念减压疗法,治疗时间2个月。比较治疗前后两组的焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)^[5]、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)^[6],抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)^[7]、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)得分。结果 两组患者治疗前SAS、SDS、HAMA总分均值比较,差异均无统计学意义;两组患者治疗后与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组治疗后SAS、SDS、HAMA总分均值与对照组比较,明显下降,差异有统计学意义(t=3.14,P<0.05)。治疗后研究组PSQI各因子均值均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 药物联合正念减压治疗比单纯药物治疗更能缓解GAD焦虑抑郁症状,改善睡眠水平,提高生活质量。     

陆军新兵自尊与主观幸福感关系研究

目的了解陆军新兵自尊与主观幸福感水平并考察两者之间的关系。方法采用自尊量表和幸福感量表,统一指导语后对293名陆军某部新兵进行团体施测。结果 （1）自尊：（16.74±7.81）分,主观幸福感：幸福指数量表（5.43±2.56）分,人脸量表（5.26±1.37）分;除了＂非独生子＂新兵的幸福感（人脸量表）得分高于＂独生子＂新兵（P〈0.05）外,学历、家庭收入、生活区域、是否独子对新兵的自尊、主观幸福感水平无明显影响（P〉0.05）。（2）高自尊组新兵的主观幸福感高于低自尊组新兵的主观幸福感（P〈0.01）。（3）自尊与主观幸福感呈正相关（P〈0.01）,言语（量表）与非言语（人脸）幸福感之间一致性为0.57。结论自尊水平与主观幸福感密切相关,高自尊伴随高幸福感。     

陆军新兵自我和谐及其与自尊关系研究

目的了解陆军新兵自我和谐状况及其与自尊关系。方法采用自尊量表和自我和谐量表,统一指导语后对293名陆军某部新兵进行团体施测。结果 (1)一般人口学资料对新兵的自尊、自我和谐状况无明显影响(P>0.05)。(2)自我和谐总分低于野战部队军人自我和谐总分(P<0.01),自我与经验的不和谐、自我的刻板性均低于大学生该项常模,而自我灵活性高于大学生该项常模(P<0.01)。(3)高自尊新兵的自我和谐总分、自我与经验的不和谐、自我的刻板性均高于低自尊组,高自尊组自我灵活性低于低自尊组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(4)自尊与自我和谐总分、自我与经验的不和谐、自我的刻板性呈正相关,与自我灵活性呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论陆军新兵的自我和谐程度高于野战部队军人和大学生群体;自尊与自我和谐呈负相关。     

生物反馈结合线索暴露治疗降低海洛因依赖者药物线索反应

目的:了解生物反馈结合线索暴露治疗是否降低海洛因依赖者环境线索诱发渴求及心理生理反应.方法:采用前瞻性的队列研究将60例环境线索诱发心理渴求增高的康复期海洛因依赖者分成实验组(n=36)与对照组(n=24),对照组只进行劳教场所的常规帮教,实验组除帮教外进行12次生物反馈结合线索暴露治疗,评估治疗前后环境线索诱发心理渴求与心理生理反应情况.结果:两组治疗结束后,实验组环境诱发前、后的心理渴求,肌电和皮导得分均低于对照组[诱发前:心理渴求(3.06±7.26)mm vs.(22.32±20.26)mm、肌电(8.52±4.23)μV vs.(12.06±5.17)μV、皮导(2.14±1.43)μS vs.(4.61±2.24)μS;诱发后:心理渴求(6.97±10.30)vs.(33.14±25.40)mm、肌电(8.72±4.31)vs.(14.79±5.86)μV、皮导(2.15±1.33)vs.(4.49±2.59)μS,P≤0.01].结论:生物反馈结合线索暴露治疗可降低康复期海洛因依赖者渴求及环境诱发心理生理反应.     

海洛因依赖者人格特征分析及与首次吸毒年龄的关系

目的分析海洛因依赖者与正常人群的人格特征的不同特点,探讨人格特征与首次吸毒年龄的关系。方法采用气质性格问卷(Temperament and character inventory,TCl)分别对100例海洛因依赖者与88例正常对照者进行人格评定,比较TCI不同维度分在海洛因依赖组和正常对照组之间的差异,并分析首次吸毒年龄与TCI维度分的相关性。结果1)与正常对照组相比,海洛因依赖组的NS和HA得分高于对照组(P<0.05),而海洛因依赖组CO、SD维度得分均数低于对照组(P<0.01)。2)海洛因依赖者的TCI问卷不同维度的得分与首吸年龄无相关性(P>0.05)。结论1)寻求刺激、放荡不羁、冲动、探索、看事情悲观、害怕不确定、易疲劳等是海洛因依赖的易感人格特征,应对这部分人群进行早期干预。2)首次吸毒年龄与TCI的不同人格维度之间无相关性。     

药物相关线索的注意偏向与渴求

药物依赖者因长期用药产生了对药物相关环境线索的高度敏感性,在对药物相关线索的认知加工中记忆和注意起着重要作用,而注意偏向(attentionbias,AB)扮演着关键角色。注意是心理活动或意识对一定对象的指向与集中,其基本功能是选择那些重要的或有意义的刺激,排除无关刺激干扰[1]     

海洛因依赖者环境线索诱发心理生理反应

目的：了解海洛因依赖者对吸毒相关环境线索诱发反应。方法：对来自自愿戒毒机构的36例刚完成生理脱毒（康复早期）的海洛因依赖者和劳教戒毒机构112例康复期满1年的海洛因依赖者观看吸毒相关视频同时给予海洛因模拟物及吸毒用具刺激,于暴露前后自评渴求程度、情绪以及戒断症状反应;用生物反馈仪自动记录暴露前后的生理反应。结果：环境线索暴露后海洛因依赖者心理渴求、害怕／焦虑、抑郁／悲伤、戒断症状、心率、皮肤导电和肌电增高（P〈0．05）,中性／放松／自然降低（P〈0．05）。自愿戒毒机构康复早期海洛因依赖者环境诱发心率增高,比康复期满一年以上者更明显（P〈0．05）,其余与康复期长短无显著关系。结论：海洛因依赖者戒断康复期的延长并不会使渴求和环境诱发心理生理反应减弱或消褪。     

环境线索对戒断期海洛因依赖者神经电生理的影响

Objective To explore the changes of craving and neuro-electrophysiological reactions under the exposure of heroin-related cues in abstinent heroin dependents.Methods In this self-controlled study,382 abstinent heroin dependent patients watched video of heroin smoking and injecting situations,and in the meantime were exposed to herein simulacrum and apparatus after relaxation exercises.The neuroelectrophysiological reactions were mcagured with a multi-biofeedback instrument before and after the cue exposed.Self-reported craving was also assessed before and after cue exposed.Results The craving were increased[(18±22)mm vs.(29±29)mm,P＜0.01]after cue exposures compared to pre-exposure,EMG[(12±7)μN vs.(14±10)μV,P＜0.01]and SC[(6.8±4.3)μS vs.(7.4±4.3)μS,P＜0.01]also increased.But the percentages of δ,θ,α,SMR,low β,high β decreased compared to that under the cue exposures[8:(10.8±4.7)%vs.(9.7±4.4)%,P＜0.01;0:(6.8±2.0)%vs.(6.3±2.0)%,P＜0.01;α:(4.8±1.8)%vs.(4.5±1.7)%,P＜0.01;SMR:(3.0 ±1.2)%vs.(2.8±1.2)%,P＜0.01;low β:(2.6±1.1)%vs.(2.5±1.1)%,P＜0.01 and high β:(4.6 ±1.5)%vs.(4.5±1.5)%.P＜0.05].Conclusions The results indicate that drug-related cue induce heroin craving and electrophysiological reactions.     

环境线索对戒断期海洛因依赖者神经电生理的影响

Objective To explore the changes of craving and neuro-electrophysiological reactions under the exposure of heroin-related cues in abstinent heroin dependents.Methods In this self-controlled study,382 abstinent heroin dependent patients watched video of heroin smoking and injecting situations,and in the meantime were exposed to herein simulacrum and apparatus after relaxation exercises.The neuroelectrophysiological reactions were mcagured with a multi-biofeedback instrument before and after the cue exposed.Self-reported craving was also assessed before and after cue exposed.Results The craving were increased[(18±22)mm vs.(29±29)mm,P＜0.01]after cue exposures compared to pre-exposure,EMG[(12±7)μN vs.(14±10)μV,P＜0.01]and SC[(6.8±4.3)μS vs.(7.4±4.3)μS,P＜0.01]also increased.But the percentages of δ,θ,α,SMR,low β,high β decreased compared to that under the cue exposures[8:(10.8±4.7)%vs.(9.7±4.4)%,P＜0.01;0:(6.8±2.0)%vs.(6.3±2.0)%,P＜0.01;α:(4.8±1.8)%vs.(4.5±1.7)%,P＜0.01;SMR:(3.0 ±1.2)%vs.(2.8±1.2)%,P＜0.01;low β:(2.6±1.1)%vs.(2.5±1.1)%,P＜0.01 and high β:(4.6 ±1.5)%vs.(4.5±1.5)%.P＜0.05].Conclusions The results indicate that drug-related cue induce heroin craving and electrophysiological reactions.     

环境线索对戒断期海洛因依赖者神经电生理的影响

Objective To explore the changes of craving and neuro-electrophysiological reactions under the exposure of heroin-related cues in abstinent heroin dependents.Methods In this self-controlled study,382 abstinent heroin dependent patients watched video of heroin smoking and injecting situations,and in the meantime were exposed to herein simulacrum and apparatus after relaxation exercises.The neuroelectrophysiological reactions were mcagured with a multi-biofeedback instrument before and after the cue exposed.Self-reported craving was also assessed before and after cue exposed.Results The craving were increased[(18±22)mm vs.(29±29)mm,P＜0.01]after cue exposures compared to pre-exposure,EMG[(12±7)μN vs.(14±10)μV,P＜0.01]and SC[(6.8±4.3)μS vs.(7.4±4.3)μS,P＜0.01]also increased.But the percentages of δ,θ,α,SMR,low β,high β decreased compared to that under the cue exposures[8:(10.8±4.7)%vs.(9.7±4.4)%,P＜0.01;0:(6.8±2.0)%vs.(6.3±2.0)%,P＜0.01;α:(4.8±1.8)%vs.(4.5±1.7)%,P＜0.01;SMR:(3.0 ±1.2)%vs.(2.8±1.2)%,P＜0.01;low β:(2.6±1.1)%vs.(2.5±1.1)%,P＜0.01 and high β:(4.6 ±1.5)%vs.(4.5±1.5)%.P＜0.05].Conclusions The results indicate that drug-related cue induce heroin craving and electrophysiological reactions.