Optimize the management of urological tube-related emergencies during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic

BackgroundTo introduce and determine the value of optimized strategies for the management of urological tube-related emergencies with increased incidence, complexity and operational risk during the global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsAll emergent urological patients at Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, during the period of January 23 (the beginning of lockdown in Wuhan) to March 23, 2020, and the corresponding period in 2019 were recruited to form this study’s COVID-19 group and control group, respectively. Tongji Hospital has the most concentrated and strongest Chinese medical teams to treat the largest number of severe COVID-19 patients. Patients in the control group were routinely treated, while patients in the COVID-19 group were managed following the optimized principles and strategies. The case incidence for each type of tube-related emergency was recorded. Baseline characteristics and management outcomes (surgery time, secondary complex operation rate, readmission rate, COVID-19 infection rate) were analyzed and compared across the control and COVID-19 periods.ResultsThe total emergent urological patients during the COVID-19 period was 42, whereas during the control period, it was 124. The incidence of tube-related emergencies increased from 53% to 88% (P<0.001) during the COVID-19 period. In particular, the incidence of nephrostomy tube-related (31% vs. 15%, P=0.027) and single-J stent-related problems (19% vs. 6%, P=0.009) increased significantly. The mean surgery times across the two periods were comparable. The number of secondary complex operations increased from 12 (18%) to 14 (38%) (P=0.028) during the COVID 19-period. The number of 2-week postoperative readmission decreased from 10 (15%) to 1 (3%) (P=0.049). No participants contracted during the COVID-19 period.ConclusionsUrological tube-related emergencies have been found to have a higher incidence and require more complicated and dangerous operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the optimized management strategies introduced in this study are efficient, and safe for both urologists and patients.     

经方中芍药配伍应用规律探析

考察《伤寒杂病论》经方中配伍应用芍药的61首经方（56首原方，5首加减方）及126条相关条文。通过对经方剂量、比例、配伍、病位主症的分析，认为：经方中芍药为白芍；白芍并非补血药，其益阴补血的功效是通过配伍实现；经方中"分"为计量单位；芍药在丸散汤中的常见用量；经方中芍药主治的症状包括四肢挛急、腹痛、烦满、下利、小便不利等。与不同药物配伍，作用部位与症状随之变化，常见配伍有桂枝、附子、甘草、柴胡、黄芩、枳实、当归、茯苓等。     

基础医学综合实验与实验设计课程教学改革实践

本着以课程为中心的原则，研究组在基础医学综合实验课程建设、运行方式、教学方法改革等方面积极探索；以联系疾病、联系应用为导向，广泛开展基于疾病动物模型制备及干预过程的实验教学；增加"创新性"实验项目，确保课程内容体现出前沿性和时代性；以生物医学前沿方法训练引领课程建设，着力培养学员的学习能力、实践能力和创新能力。此外，在优化以实践应用、创新性为导向的课程内容建设的基础上，打造虚拟仿真实验项目，尝试线上线下混合式教学，全方位提升学员的实践运用能力。     

槽型鞘脑穿刺针的设计及动物实验初步结果

目的测试槽型鞘脑穿刺针用于实验动物脑组织穿刺的可操作性和安全性。 方法新西兰兔6只，麻醉后骨窗开颅显露双侧大脑半球，左侧大脑半球以传统脑穿刺针进行穿刺，右侧以槽型鞘脑穿刺针穿刺，完成穿刺、拔出穿刺针留置槽形鞘、置管后拔出槽形鞘等步骤。拔出穿刺针后穿刺道以苏木素染色，观察30 min后处死实验动物，提取脑组织，沿脑组织穿刺道制3 μm厚切片，常规HE染色，显微镜下观察脑组织穿刺道病理解剖学变化（脑组织破损及出血情况），评估损伤程度。 结果2种穿刺针穿刺操作后均会造成穿刺道局灶性脑挫裂伤，表现为穿刺道组织缺损、脑组织淤血、水肿。光镜下可见穿刺道脑组织破碎、细胞排列不规则、水肿的细胞体增大和细胞核固缩，穿刺道外围细胞结构正常。2种穿刺针针道脑组织病理特征差别不明显。 结论槽型鞘脑穿刺针穿刺操作简便，通过槽型鞘置入引流管方便，脑组织损伤程度与传统脑穿刺针无明显差别。     

Prevention of etomidate-induced myoclonus during anesthetic induction by pretreatment with dexmedetomidine

Myoclonus induced by etomidate during induction of general anesthesia is undesirable. This study evaluated the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) pretreatment on the incidence and severity of etomidate-induced myoclonus. Ninety patients undergoing elective surgical procedures were randomly allocated to three groups (n=30 each) for intravenous administration of 10 mL isotonic saline (group I), 0.5 µg/kg DEX in 10 mL isotonic saline (group II), or 1.0 µg/kg DEX in 10 mL isotonic saline (group III) over 10 min. All groups subsequently received 0.3 mg/kg etomidate by intravenous push injection. The incidence and severity of myoclonus were recorded for 1 min after etomidate administration and the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events that occurred between the administration of the DEX infusion and 1 min after tracheal intubation was recorded. The incidence of myoclonus was significantly reduced in groups II and III (30.0 and 36.7%), compared with group I (63.3%). The incidence of severe sinus bradycardia was significantly increased in group III compared with group I (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in heart rate in groups I and II. There were no significant differences in the incidence of low blood pressure among the 3 groups. Pretreatment with 0.5 and 1.0 µg/kg DEX significantly reduced the incidence of etomidate-induced myoclonus during anesthetic induction; however, 0.5 µg/kg DEX is recommended because it had fewer side effects.     

Revisiting the Hydrogen Storage Behavior of the Na-O-H System

Solid-state reactions between sodium hydride and sodium hydroxide are unusual among hydride-hydroxide systems since hydrogen can be stored reversibly. In order to understand the relationship between hydrogen uptake/release properties and phase/structure evolution, the dehydrogenation and hydrogenation behavior of the Na-O-H system has been investigated in detail both ex- and in-situ. Simultaneous thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis coupled to mass spectrometry (TG-DTA-MS) experiments of NaH-NaOH composites reveal two principal features: Firstly, an H₂ desorption event occurring between 240 and 380 °C and secondly an additional endothermic process at around 170 °C with no associated weight change. In-situ high-resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction showed that NaOH appears to form a solid solution with NaH yielding a new cubic complex hydride phase below 200 °C. The Na-H-OH phase persists up to the maximum temperature of the in-situ diffraction experiment shortly before dehydrogenation occurs. The present work suggests that not only is the inter-phase synergic interaction of protic hydrogen (in NaOH) and hydridic hydrogen (in NaH) important in the dehydrogenation mechanism, but that also an intra-phase H^δ+… H^δ– interaction may be a crucial step in the desorption process.