槽型鞘脑穿刺针的设计及动物实验初步结果

目的测试槽型鞘脑穿刺针用于实验动物脑组织穿刺的可操作性和安全性。 方法新西兰兔6只，麻醉后骨窗开颅显露双侧大脑半球，左侧大脑半球以传统脑穿刺针进行穿刺，右侧以槽型鞘脑穿刺针穿刺，完成穿刺、拔出穿刺针留置槽形鞘、置管后拔出槽形鞘等步骤。拔出穿刺针后穿刺道以苏木素染色，观察30 min后处死实验动物，提取脑组织，沿脑组织穿刺道制3 μm厚切片，常规HE染色，显微镜下观察脑组织穿刺道病理解剖学变化（脑组织破损及出血情况），评估损伤程度。 结果2种穿刺针穿刺操作后均会造成穿刺道局灶性脑挫裂伤，表现为穿刺道组织缺损、脑组织淤血、水肿。光镜下可见穿刺道脑组织破碎、细胞排列不规则、水肿的细胞体增大和细胞核固缩，穿刺道外围细胞结构正常。2种穿刺针针道脑组织病理特征差别不明显。 结论槽型鞘脑穿刺针穿刺操作简便，通过槽型鞘置入引流管方便，脑组织损伤程度与传统脑穿刺针无明显差别。

Design of trough sheath brain puncture needle and the preliminary results of animal experiment

ObjectiveTo test the operability and safety of the trough sheath puncture needle used in brain tissue puncture of experimental animals. MethodsSix New Zealand rabbits were anesthetized and bilateral cerebral hemispheres were exposed by craniotomy. The left cerebral hemisphere was punctured with traditional puncture needle. The right side was punctured with a groove sheath needle, and the steps of puncturing, pulling out the puncture needle and retaining the groove sheath, and pulling out the groove sheath after catheterization were completed. The puncture passage was stained with hematoxylin after pulling out the puncture needle. After 30 min of observation, the experimental animals were killed, the brain tissue was extracted and were cut along the puncture channel as 3 μm-thick brain tissue sections. Routine HE staining was used in pathological sectionthe, and pathological and anatomical changes (brain tissue damage and hemorrhage) of the puncture channel of the brain tissue were observed under the microscope to evaluate the injury situation. ResultsTwo kinds of puncture needle can cause local cerebral contusion in the puncture channel. The manifestations were puncture passage tissue defect, brain tissue congestion and edema. Under the light microscope, the brain tissue of the puncture passage was broken, the cells arranged irregularly, the swollen cell body was enlarged and the nucleus was pyknosis, and the peripheral cell structure of the puncture passage was normal. There was no significant difference in the pathological characteristics between the two kinds of needle channels. ConclusionThe operation of the puncture is simple and convenient. It is convenient to put a drainage tube through the groove sheath. There is no significant difference between the injury degree of brain tissue and the traditional puncture needle.