HLA配型、PRA检测在心脏移植中的应用研究

目的：探讨人类白细胞抗原（human leukocyte antigen，HLA）配型、群体反应性抗体（panel reactive antibody，PRA）与心脏移植术后急性排斥反应及近期生存的关系。方法：将心脏移植受者根据不同的HLA配型标准，按错配数分组；根据PRA检测阳性或阴性分组。统计各组术后3、6、12个月内急性排斥反应发生率并行生存分析。结果：HLA配型不同错配数组间急性排斥反应发生率及生存曲线无显著差异；PRA阳性和阴性组间急性排斥反应发生率及生存曲线也无显著差异。结论：就我国目前国情而言，心脏移植术前不进行常规HLA配型也是可行的，PRA阳性者通过适当的干预治疗也可获得安全的移植。     

三种心脏外科术后急性肾功能衰竭预测模型的临床应用

目的 分析克利夫兰急性肾功能衰竭评分(Cleveland ARF Score)、心脏术后急性肾功能不全评分(acute kidney injury prediction following elective cardiac surgery,AKICS)、简易肾功能指数评分(Simplified Renal Index,SRI score)三种模型在预测心脏术后发生急性肾功能衰竭中的作用,评价三种模型的预测价值.方法 2009年6月至2010年5月,连续收集了行心脏手术并有完整资料的患者504例纳入研究,分别使用Cleveland、AKICS、SRI评分系统进行校准度和分辨力的评价,分析并比较三种评分系统模型对术后发生急性肾功能衰竭的预测价值.结果 504例中术后需要肾脏替代治疗(renal re-placement therapy,RRT) 16例(3.17％),其中6例死亡(37.5％);发生肾功能不全27例(5.36％),经治疗后肾功能恢复正常.应用AKICS模型术后需要RRT治疗11例(2.70％),发生肾功能不全25例(6.13％),模型全组预计发生率3.77％.Cleveland评分术后需要RRT治疗16例(3.17％),发生肾功能不全27例(5.36％),模型全组预计发生率0.99％.SRI评分术后需要RRT治疗15例(3.21％),发生肾功能不全24例(5.13％).与预测结果比较,AKICS模型表现出较好的校准度(P=0.922,x2=0.162),Cleveland模型校准度差异有统计学意义(P=0.026,x2=15.644).Cleveland Score、AKICS、SRI 预测术后急性肾功能衰竭需行RRT治疗的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.695、0.732、0.759,术后肾功能不全的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.711、0.753、0.779.结论 结果显示,SRI模型预测术后RRT治疗及肾功能不全的实际危险度相关性较好.AKICS模型预测术后肾功能不全的实际危险度相关性较好.SRI模型的校准度及分辨能力均较好,可能较适用于评估患者的相对危险度.AKICS模型对于研究设计及选择治疗方案有一定使用价值.     

人类白细胞抗原配型与群体反应性抗体检测在心脏移植中的应用进展

人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)是介导移植物排斥反应的主要抗原.群体反应性抗体(panel reactive antibody,PRA)代表血液循环中抗HLA抗体.器官移植前的供、受者HLA配型和受者PRA检测已广泛开展.随着HLA配型、PRA检测与心脏移植关系研究的深入,它们在心脏移植中的临床价值日益受到重视,其具体应用策略也不断发展.现从HLA分型方法与配型策略、HLA配型的临床意义、HLA配型时机选择、PRA升高的原因和机制、PRA检测的临床意义和致敏患者的处理等6个方面进行综述.     

A型主动脉夹层术后脑部并发症危险因素分析

Ohjective Retrospectively analyze the risk factors of neurological complications of 160 patients with type A aortic dissection who underwent surgical repalr using cerebral peffusion under deep hypothemia circulatory arrest and to sum the experience of cerebral protection. Methods From January 2004 to January 2006,160 patients with type A dissection underwent surgical repair with cerebral perfusion and DHCA. There were 106 male petients ond 54 female with age from 17 to 76 years old [mean, (56±13) years old]. Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) through axillary artery was performad for 131 patients and retrograde cerebra l perfusion (RCP) from superior caval vein for 29 patients. Emergency surgery was perfomed in 83(51.8%) patients who were suf- fered from acute type A dissection, and the others were chronic elective surgery. All the factors underwent univariaare and multivariate analysis. Results Mean cardionpulmonary bypass (CPB) duration was (188± 57) minutes and mean cerebral perfusion time was (36±16) minuties. Sixteen patieats died in hospital and the in-hospital mortality was 10.0%. Deaths were due to multiple argan fail- ure in 9 patients, respiratory failure in 2, low cardiac output syndrome in 2, bloeding in 2, aeptic shock in 1. Postoperative respirato- ry dysfunction were observed in 22 (13.7%) parley. Postoperative renal failure happened in 20(12.5%) patients. Postoperative low cardiac output appeared in 8(5.0%) patients. Penmanent neurological deficits occurred in 8(5.0%) petients. The preopertive renal dysfunction (OR= 11.71, P=0.005), coronary artery disease (OR= 7.35, P =0.035), eet～ml vasenlar disease (OR= 13.39, P=0.021) and postoperative low cardinc ontput (OR=22.21, P=0.008) were found robe the relative risk factor. Tran- sient neurological deficts(TND) were noted in 32 patients. Over seventy years old (OR=1.17, P=0.042) was the independent risk predictors. Surgery procedures, CPB time, cross-clamp time, cerebral perfusion time, methods for cerebral perfusion, filtration used or not, the esophageal temperature and the bladder temperature and the hematocrit (HCT) during CA did not significantly influence the cerebral outcomes.Conclusion In our experience, cerebral perfusion duration within the limits of safe time and the methods of cerebral perfusion did not influence the neurological outcomes which depended on the severity of the underlying disease and on the function of end-organs. Protection of all the end-organs would be helpful to the cerebral protection.     

A型主动脉夹层术后脑部并发症危险因素分析

Ohjective Retrospectively analyze the risk factors of neurological complications of 160 patients with type A aortic dissection who underwent surgical repalr using cerebral peffusion under deep hypothemia circulatory arrest and to sum the experience of cerebral protection. Methods From January 2004 to January 2006,160 patients with type A dissection underwent surgical repair with cerebral perfusion and DHCA. There were 106 male petients ond 54 female with age from 17 to 76 years old [mean, (56±13) years old]. Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) through axillary artery was performad for 131 patients and retrograde cerebra l perfusion (RCP) from superior caval vein for 29 patients. Emergency surgery was perfomed in 83(51.8%) patients who were suf- fered from acute type A dissection, and the others were chronic elective surgery. All the factors underwent univariaare and multivariate analysis. Results Mean cardionpulmonary bypass (CPB) duration was (188± 57) minutes and mean cerebral perfusion time was (36±16) minuties. Sixteen patieats died in hospital and the in-hospital mortality was 10.0%. Deaths were due to multiple argan fail- ure in 9 patients, respiratory failure in 2, low cardiac output syndrome in 2, bloeding in 2, aeptic shock in 1. Postoperative respirato- ry dysfunction were observed in 22 (13.7%) parley. Postoperative renal failure happened in 20(12.5%) patients. Postoperative low cardiac output appeared in 8(5.0%) patients. Penmanent neurological deficits occurred in 8(5.0%) petients. The preopertive renal dysfunction (OR= 11.71, P=0.005), coronary artery disease (OR= 7.35, P =0.035), eet～ml vasenlar disease (OR= 13.39, P=0.021) and postoperative low cardinc ontput (OR=22.21, P=0.008) were found robe the relative risk factor. Tran- sient neurological deficts(TND) were noted in 32 patients. Over seventy years old (OR=1.17, P=0.042) was the independent risk predictors. Surgery procedures, CPB time, cross-clamp time, cerebral perfusion time, methods for cerebral perfusion, filtration used or not, the esophageal temperature and the bladder temperature and the hematocrit (HCT) during CA did not significantly influence the cerebral outcomes.Conclusion In our experience, cerebral perfusion duration within the limits of safe time and the methods of cerebral perfusion did not influence the neurological outcomes which depended on the severity of the underlying disease and on the function of end-organs. Protection of all the end-organs would be helpful to the cerebral protection.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中2种近端吻合方式的临床对照研究

目的： 探讨Heartsting近端吻合装置和部分阻断法这2种近端吻合方式在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中的临床疗效。方法： 回顾性分析2018年5月至2021年5月复旦大学附属中山医院心脏外科收治的非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术258例患者的临床资料，其中男性220例，女性38例，平均年龄（68.6±8.2）岁。根据近端吻合方式分为Heartstring近端吻合装置组（HS组，n=86）和部分阻断组（PC组，n=172）。结果： 术后死亡2例（0.78%），HS组与PC组各1例，差异无统计学意义。术后脑卒中7例（2.13%），HS组1例，PC组6例，差异无统计学意义。结论： Heartstring近端吻合装置可减少主动脉操作，对于高危患者应用此装置可获得良好的近期效果。     

高龄感染性心内膜炎患者的手术疗效分析

 目的  总结高龄感染性心内膜炎患者的临床特点及手术疗效。  方法  2003年1月至2012年12月,24例高龄(≥70岁)感染性心内膜炎患者在复旦大学附属中山医院行手术治疗,年龄70～82(73.0±3.2)岁,男性20例,女性4例。全组共行主动脉瓣置换术8例,二尖瓣置换术5例,双瓣置换术7例,二尖瓣成形术2例,起搏导线拆除术2例。同期行冠状动脉搭桥术7例,房颤消融术1例。  结果  术后早期死亡2例(8.3%),1例死于术后低心排,1例死于术后呼吸功能衰竭。其余22例均治愈出院。随访20例(90.9%),随访时间21～137(76.6±35.6)月,1例双瓣置换术后47个月死于非心源性疾病,其余随访患者均恢复良好。  结论  手术治疗感染性心内膜炎患者是风险可接受的,术后早期和晚期疗效满意。     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层及升主动脉瘤样扩张血管组织结构的特点

 目的 观察正常升主动脉者、升主动脉瘤样扩张者及Stanford A型主动脉夹层分离（Stanford type A aortic dissection,TAAD）患者升主动脉血管组织结构特点,为探讨Stanford A型主动脉夹层分离的发生机制奠定结构基础。方法 收集34例升主动脉血管组织标本,其中TAAD 16例,升主动脉瘤样扩张10例,心脏移植供体心脏正常升主动脉8例。采用HE染色法、弹力和胶原纤维复染法及TUNEL法对升主动脉血管组织的结构特点进行研究。结果 HE染色与弹力和胶原纤维复染示正常升主动脉者与升主动脉瘤样扩张患者升主动脉结构相似,具有完整的血管结构即内膜、中层和外膜,但是瘤样扩张者血管弹力纤维变细甚至缺失,肌肉成分增生,靠近内膜处病变较重,靠近外膜处形态相对正常;TAAD患者升主动脉大体标本可见夹层撕裂破口的位置,光镜下可见弹力纤维变细、减少、断裂,大量的炎性细胞浸润及血细胞成分。TUNEL结果显示,TAAD升主动脉血管组织可见大量的细胞核呈棕褐色及固缩的凋亡细胞,升主动脉瘤样扩张及正常升主动脉中未见明显的细胞凋亡。结论 TAAD患者升主动脉血管组织中弹力纤维及胶原纤维稀疏、减少、断裂,结构紊乱,血管组织中细胞凋亡明显增加。     

A型主动脉夹层术后脑部并发症危险因素分析

Ohjective Retrospectively analyze the risk factors of neurological complications of 160 patients with type A aortic dissection who underwent surgical repalr using cerebral peffusion under deep hypothemia circulatory arrest and to sum the experience of cerebral protection. Methods From January 2004 to January 2006,160 patients with type A dissection underwent surgical repair with cerebral perfusion and DHCA. There were 106 male petients ond 54 female with age from 17 to 76 years old [mean, (56±13) years old]. Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) through axillary artery was performad for 131 patients and retrograde cerebra l perfusion (RCP) from superior caval vein for 29 patients. Emergency surgery was perfomed in 83(51.8%) patients who were suf- fered from acute type A dissection, and the others were chronic elective surgery. All the factors underwent univariaare and multivariate analysis. Results Mean cardionpulmonary bypass (CPB) duration was (188± 57) minutes and mean cerebral perfusion time was (36±16) minuties. Sixteen patieats died in hospital and the in-hospital mortality was 10.0%. Deaths were due to multiple argan fail- ure in 9 patients, respiratory failure in 2, low cardiac output syndrome in 2, bloeding in 2, aeptic shock in 1. Postoperative respirato- ry dysfunction were observed in 22 (13.7%) parley. Postoperative renal failure happened in 20(12.5%) patients. Postoperative low cardiac output appeared in 8(5.0%) patients. Penmanent neurological deficits occurred in 8(5.0%) petients. The preopertive renal dysfunction (OR= 11.71, P=0.005), coronary artery disease (OR= 7.35, P =0.035), eet～ml vasenlar disease (OR= 13.39, P=0.021) and postoperative low cardinc ontput (OR=22.21, P=0.008) were found robe the relative risk factor. Tran- sient neurological deficts(TND) were noted in 32 patients. Over seventy years old (OR=1.17, P=0.042) was the independent risk predictors. Surgery procedures, CPB time, cross-clamp time, cerebral perfusion time, methods for cerebral perfusion, filtration used or not, the esophageal temperature and the bladder temperature and the hematocrit (HCT) during CA did not significantly influence the cerebral outcomes.Conclusion In our experience, cerebral perfusion duration within the limits of safe time and the methods of cerebral perfusion did not influence the neurological outcomes which depended on the severity of the underlying disease and on the function of end-organs. Protection of all the end-organs would be helpful to the cerebral protection.     

同期施行冠状动脉搭桥和心脏瓣膜手术的体外循环

目的 总结和分析同期施行冠状动脉搭桥和心脏瓣膜手术的体外循环方法.方法 125例患者分为3组:M组(冠脉病变及二尖瓣病变)75例,A组(冠脉病变及主动脉瓣病变)34例,D组(冠脉病变及二尖瓣和主动脉瓣病变)16例.心肌保护采用4:1冷含血停搏液,应用单纯顺灌、顺灌逆灌结合、顺灌桥灌结合、顺逆灌和桥灌结合技术.结果 术中转流平稳,血流动力学稳定,监测指标均在正常范围,无手术死亡.结论 同期施行冠状动脉搭桥和心脏瓣膜手术,术中良好的心肌保护方法和合理的体外循环灌注是保证手术顺利成功的重要因素.