非小细胞肺癌新辅助靶向及免疫治疗研究进展和展望

肺癌是全球发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤。近年来,随着新型药物的出现和治疗模式的优化,肺癌患者的预后已有一定改善。新辅助治疗是指对潜在可接受手术切除的患者,先给予术前抗肿瘤治疗后再行手术治疗。新辅助治疗通过术前治疗可以缩小肿瘤体积,降低肿瘤分期;并且可以杀灭患者机体中循环肿瘤细胞及微转移病灶,令患者远期生存获益。靶向治疗及免疫治疗已被应用于晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的一线治疗。因此,有临床试验尝试将以上两种治疗手段应用于早期可切除NSCLC患者的新辅助治疗。本文针对新辅助靶向及免疫治疗对早期可切除NSCLC患者的疗效、治疗中的潜在风险予以综述,并探讨新辅助治疗的未来发展方向。     

Response of Gli1+ Suture Stem Cells to Mechanical Force Upon Suture Expansion

Normal development of craniofacial sutures is crucial for cranial and facial growth in all three dimensions. These sutures provide a unique niche for suture stem cells (SuSCs), which are indispensable for homeostasis, damage repair, as well as stress balance. Expansion appliances are now routinely used to treat underdevelopment of the skull and maxilla, stimulating the craniofacial sutures through distraction osteogenesis. However, various treatment challenges exist due to a lack of full understanding of the mechanism through which mechanical forces stimulate suture and bone remodeling. To address this issue, we first identified crucial steps in the cycle of suture and bone remodeling based on the established standard suture expansion model. Observed spatiotemporal morphological changes revealed that the remodeling cycle is approximately 3 to 4 weeks, with collagen restoration proceeding more rapidly. Next, we traced the fate of the Gli1⁺ SuSCs lineage upon application of tensile force in three dimensions. SuSCs were rapidly activated and greatly contributed to bone remodeling within 1 month. Furthermore, we confirmed the presence of Wnt activity within Gli1⁺ SuSCs based on the high co-expression ratio of Gli1⁺ cells and Axin2⁺ cells, which also indicated the homogeneity and heterogeneity of two cell groups. Because Wnt signaling in the sutures is highly upregulated upon tensile force loading, conditional knockout of β-catenin largely restricted the activation of Gli1⁺ SuSCs and suppressed bone remodeling under physiological and expansion conditions. Thus, we concluded that Gli1⁺ SuSCs play essential roles in suture and bone remodeling stimulated by mechanical force and that Wnt signaling is crucial to this process. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).     

硒酵母对宫颈癌同步放化疗的近期疗效观察

目的 观察硒酵母片联合同步放化疗治疗ⅡB期宫颈癌患者的近期疗效.方法 纳入宫颈癌患者103例,将其随机分为对照组53例和实验组50例.实验组给予口服硒酵母片,对照组给予安慰剂,2组均给予含顺铂的同步放化疗方案.放疗结束后,通过实验室指标及影像学检查结果评估治疗前后病灶大小,骨髓抑制和肝、肾功能损伤程度.结果 2组总有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).实验组与对照组骨髓抑制、肾损伤、肝损伤等毒副作用发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 中晚期宫颈癌患者同步放化疗过程中服用硒酵母片的近期疗效优于单纯放化疗.     

三种疝修补术治疗老年腹股沟疝患者的临床疗效比较

目的探究疝环充填手术、Lichtenstein修补术与腹腔镜经腹腹膜前修补术对老年腹股沟疝患者临床疗效情况。 方法选取2018年1月至2020年2月在东南大学附属中大医院溧水分院进行治疗的150例老年腹股沟疝患者，随机分为A组（50例）、B组（50例）及C组（50例）。A组采用疝环充填修补术、B组采用Lichtenstein修补术、C组采用腹腔镜经腹膜前修补术，观察并记录3组患者的手术时间、术后下床活动时间、术后疼痛持续时间以及术后住院时间；分别于术后1 d、7 d，采用视觉模拟评分对患者进行疼痛评估；检测术前及术后3组患者炎性因子水平：C反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）以及白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平；记录患者术后6个月内并发症发生情况。 结果3组患者手术时间比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；C组术后下床活动时间、术后疼痛持续时间及术后住院时间显著低于A组和B组（P<0.01），B组在术后疼痛持续时间上低于C组（P<0.05）；术后1 d、7 d，C组VAS评分低于A组及B组，A组VAS评分低于B组（P<0.05）；3组术后CRP、TNF-α以及IL-6水平均较术前显著升高，C组炎性因子水平均显著低于A组和B组（P<0.05），B组术后IL-6水平低于A（P<0.05）；3组在术后6个月均未出现疝复发情况，A组并发症总发生率低于B组和C组（P<0.05），B组术后发生神经感觉异常症状高于A组（P<0.05），B组和C组并发症总发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论腹腔镜经腹腹膜前修补术治疗老年腹股沟疝患者疗效较开放式无张力疝修补术更好，对老年患者损伤更小，使其术后恢复更快，安全性更高。     

Efficiency and Accuracy of Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy for Adult Hip Dysplasia

Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) has several advantages dealing with adolescents and adults acetabular dysplasia. The authors introduced the details and steps performing PAO, with attached video and schematic diagram which demonstrates a perfect PAO in efficiency and accuracy. The patient is an 18‐year‐old girl, complaining hip pain on the left side for 6 months. Physical examination shows normal gait and range of motion (ROM) of the left hip. Pelvic anteroposterior X‐ray shows acetabular dysplasia on the left, and post operation on the right. She is very satisfied with the PAO on the right one year before, so we recommend PAO for the left hip dysplasia again. The key point of PAO includes 4 cuts: ischial cut, pubic cut, acetabular roof cut, and quadrilateral bone cut, and the four cuts should be accomplished accurately. Then the acetabular fragment should be turned to ideal position with the lateral CE angle (LCE) > 25°, the Tönnis acetabular angle 0°, the anterior CE angle (ACE) > 20°, good congruence joint space, and with the hip center medialized slightly. At lastly the acetabular fragment is fixed with proper nails and instruments. The patient is very happy to the surgery with no hip pain, with normal gait, ROM, and Harris hip scores (HHS). In summary, PAO is a relative new and efficient procedure for adult hip dysplasia, requiring accurate techniques. Cadaveric practice and familiar with the local anatomy can help the surgeon overcome the learning curve quickly.     

正中关系与正畸治疗的相关性

正中关系（CR）一直是口腔正畸学、修复学以及学研究的核心内容之一,在重建咬合、改善颌关系等方面具有重要的生理及临床意义。随着口腔医学研究不断深入,CR被多次重新定义,在正畸学中的应用也更加广泛,与正畸治疗前诊断、检查分析、治疗目标等密切相关。本文就CR的定义及其与错颌畸形的关系、在正畸治疗中的应用等方面进行综述。     

整合医学与整体医学理念在法医病理学死因分析教学中的应用研究

本文结合法医病理学的特点,阐释了整体医学与整合医学的概念、内涵及其在法医病理学教学中的优势。然后,通过具体的死因分析实践案例教学过程设计及效果分析的应用介绍,阐明了整合医学与整体医学应用于法医病理学教学的必要性及有效性,为法医病理学整体教学的改革提供了新思路。