基于文献的老年人群常见证候分布特征研究＊

目的 了解我国老年人中医证候分布特征，为中医药辨治老年人提供参考依据。方法 系统检索中国知识基础设施（CNKI）、中文科技期刊数据库（CCD）、万方数据资源系统数据库（CSPD），纳入研究对象为老年人的临床流行病学调查研究文献，对其调查目的、调查疾病及调查结果等进行描述统计。结果 ①最终纳入168篇文献，其中2010至2020年之间发表138篇（82.14%）；调查地区涵盖全国28个省市自治区，共纳入43948例老年人，累计覆盖340个研究中心；②主要研究结果显示，老年人中医证候阴虚阳亢证（10.05%）>血瘀证（9.5%）>痰浊（湿）证（8.91%）>阴阳两虚证（4.98%）>痰瘀互结证（4.96%）；单元证分布阴虚证（14.70%）>痰证（11.22%）>气虚证（7.15%）>肾虚证（4.72%）>血瘀证（4.18%）；涉及病变脏腑肾>肝>脾>肺>心。结论 根据统计结果，可以看出老年人证候分布虚证多于实证，虚证中又以阴虚证、气虚证最为多见，实证常见血瘀证、痰浊（湿）证等，且多见痰瘀互结证；老年人五脏皆损，其中又以肾、肝、脾功能失调最为突出。     

缺牙间隙对美学区水平骨增量延期种植的临床效果影响研究

目的:评价不同缺牙间隙大小对上前牙区连续缺牙伴水平骨量不足、行水平骨增量延期种植的临床效果影响.方法:回顾性分析2013年1月～2019年6月期间,于烟台市口腔医院种植科就诊,上颌前牙连续缺失,行水平骨增量延期种植的患者,根据缺牙间隙分为两组,A组为2颗牙连续缺失,B组为3～6颗牙连续缺失.通过Mimics软件重建骨增量区3D模型,测量骨增量的体积及宽度;通过Image J软件测量平行投照根尖片种植体周围边缘骨丧失高度.使用SPSS 26.0软件,对测得的结果进行统计分析,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义.结果:纳入44例患者,年龄18～60(平均38.52±12.56)岁.共计122个位点,植入94枚种植体,其中A组44枚,B组50枚.A、B组每牙位骨增量体积差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组每牙位骨增量宽度小于B组每牙位骨增量宽度(P<0.05);种植体周围骨质丧失高度随时间变化而增加(P<0.05);组别对种植体近中及远中骨边缘丧失高度的影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:美学区水平骨增量延期种植可获得满意的临床效果,缺牙间隙对对骨增量体积及种植体周围边缘骨质稳定性无影响.     

Efficacy and safety of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) created using covered stents of different diameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to make a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the stent diameter (8 mm vs. 10 mm) that conveys better safety and clinical efficacy for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).Materials and methodsFour databases were used to identify clinical trials published from inception until March 2020. Data were extracted to estimate and compare one-year and three-year overall survivals, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal rebleeding, and shunt dysfunction rates between patients with 8 mm covered stents and those with 10 mm covered stents.ResultsFive eligible studies were selected, which included 489 patients (316 men, 173 women). The 8 mm covered stent group had higher efficacy regarding one-year or three-year overall survival (odds ratio [OR], 2.88; P = 0.003) and (OR, 1.81; P = 0.04) and lower hepatic encephalopathy (OR, 0.69; P = 0.04) compared with 10 mm covered stent group. There were no significant differences in variceal rebleeding rate (OR 0.80; P = 0.67). However, shunt dysfunction was lower in 10 mm covered stent group (OR, 2.26; P = 0.003).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the use of 8 mm covered stents should be preferred to that of 10 mm covered stents for TIPS placement when portal pressure is frequently monitored.     

Confounded association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of biliary tract cancer: Result from three cohorts

Recent epidemiological studies suggested that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was associated with an increased risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC), however, confounders were not adequately controlled. Our study aimed to evaluate PPI use and subsequent risk of BTC and its subtypes in three well-established cohorts. We conducted a pooled analysis of the subjects free of cancers in UK Biobank (n = 463 643), Nurses' Health Study (NHS, n = 80 235) and NHS II (n = 95 869). Propensity score weighted Cox models were used to estimate marginal HRs of PPIs use on BTC risk, accounting for potential confounders. We documented 284 BTC cases in UK Biobank (median follow-up: 7.6 years), and 91 cases in NHS and NHS II cohorts (median follow-up: 15.8 years). In UK biobank, PPI users had a 96% higher risk of BTC compared to nonusers in crude model (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.44-2.66), but the effect was attenuated to null after adjusting for potential confounders (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.60-1.49). PPI use was not associated with risk of BTC in the pooled analysis of three cohorts (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.60-1.43). We also observed no associations between PPI use with risk of intrahepatic (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.49-2.04), extrahepatic bile duct (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.52-2.27) and gallbladder cancers (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.26-1.66) in UK Biobank. In summary, regular use of PPIs was not associated with the risk of BTC and its subtypes.     

潜伏期脑胎盘率对预测新生儿不良结局的价值

目的 探讨低危单胎的足月妊娠自然临产后，潜伏期脑胎盘率(CPR)对预测新生儿不良结局的价值。方法 选取2018年1月至2021年3月我院住院临产分娩的673例孕妇为研究对象，测量胎儿大脑中动脉、脐动脉血流参数，获得分娩结局及新生儿结局。参考既往研究得出的不同孕周CPR正常参考值百分位作为分组指标(CPR≤10%参考值定为低CPR)。比较低CPR组(72例)与正常CPR组(601例)两组妊娠结局、新生儿不良结局。结果 低CPR组与正常CPR组在孕妇年龄、孕龄、产次、孕期体质量增长、总产程、新生儿体质量的构成上差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。低CPR组因胎儿窘迫行剖宫产或助产发生率、新生儿任一不良结局发生率、新生儿不良结局率均高于正常CPR组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低CPR预测新生儿不良结局的准确率为89.5%(602/673),敏感度为51.7%(15/29),特异度为91.1%(587/644)。结论 本研究数据显示，对于无并发症及合并症、低风险的单胎足月妊娠，潜伏期低CPR与新生儿不良结局相关。     

公立医院养老保险改革现状、困境及对策研究△

目的：通过调研江苏省公立医院编内及非在编人员参加养老保险的现状，分析其存在的困境，提出相应的对策建议。方法：对江苏省内公立医院发放调研问卷，收集数据整理后运用统计分析和比较分析法描述其运营概况、编内及非在编人员参加养老保险的情况，运用公平理论分析公立医院养老保险存在的问题。结果：江苏省公立医院编内人员参加机关事业单位养老保险，非在编人员参加城镇职工养老保险；省属公立医院非在编人员占比最高；编内人员缴费基数及养老待遇均显著高于非在编人员；编内人员参加职业年金，非在编人员尚未建立年金计划。结论：树立底线公平理念，完善养老保险制度体系；改革完善非在编人员年金计划政策；建立健全参保成本财政分担机制。     

Electroconvulsive therapy plays an irreplaceable role in treatment of major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder is a serious and common neuropsychiatric disorder that affects more than 350 million people worldwide. Electroconvulsive therapy is the oldest and most effective treatment available for the treatment of severe major depressive disorder. Electroconvulsive therapy modifies structural network changes in patients with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. And it can also affect neuroinflammatory responses and may have neuroprotective effects. Electroconvulsive therapy plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment of major depressive disorder.     

“醒脑开窍”针法配合芒针治疗前列腺增生合并慢性尿潴留

患者男,74岁,主因尿频、尿急、排尿困难10余年,加重1个月,患者因脑梗死后遗症康复治疗于2018年8月1日就诊于天津中医药大学第一附属医院针灸科。查颅脑MR:未见新发梗死灶。患者10余年前发现尿频、尿急、尿不尽、夜尿多等症状,曾诊断“良性前列腺增生”,未经系统诊治。