华法林在我国治疗静脉血栓栓塞性疾病的最优抗凝区间

目的 前瞻性研究我国静脉血栓栓塞性疾病(VTE)患者不同华法林抗凝强度区间的出血率和VTE复发率及寻找最优国际标准化比值(INR)区间.方法 将2006年10月至2007年7月间安贞医院收治的180例VTE患者作为研究对象,随机分成A、B、C 3组,每组各60例,分别对应INR目标区问是1.50～1.99(低强度抗凝组)、2.00～2.50(中等强度抗凝组)及2.51～3.00(高强度抗凝组).INR稳定在目标区间2周以上后,开始正式观察每组大、中、小量出血率及VTE复发率.研究者及观察对象均遵循盲法原则.结果 低强度组与中高强度组的复发率分别为8.3%、1.7%(P=0.042).低、中、高强度抗凝3组间少量出血率分别为8.3%、18.3%及6.7%(P=0.089);低与中高强度组中量出血率分别为3.3%、7.5%(P=0.341);低与中高强度组大量出血率分别为0%、3.3%(P=0.303).62岁以上人群,中低强度组大出血(1例)与高强度组(3例)相比(即INR从1.5～2.5增加到2.51～3.00),危险比为12.600(95%可信区间为1.183～134.238).结论 对于一般中国人.华法林抗凝INR在2.0～3.0之间既能减少VTE复发风险又不增加出血风险,故INR应推荐在2.0～3.0之间.对于年龄62岁以上的高龄人群,INR应推荐在2.0～2.5之间.     

大动脉炎手术与腔内治疗的效果及其影响因素

目的研究中国人种族中,大动脉炎腔内治疗及转流手术疗效的比较,以及影响因素的分析,为国人大动脉炎治疗方式的选择及术后合并症的预防提供数据参考。方法研究对象选取从2002年1月至2014年7月,在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院血管科诊断为大动脉炎并进行外科治疗的患者,诊断标准采用1990年美国风湿病学会制定标准,对患者随访后进行数据分析。结果共行手术49例次,女性44例,占89.8%,平均发病年龄(27.20±10.35)岁,手术27例,腔内治疗22例(支架置入7例、球囊扩张15例),共处理病变血管61根。随访时间3~148个月,平均(50.43±42.708)个月,无死亡病例。通畅率方面,3个月通畅率97.8%,6个月通畅率95.6%,1年通畅率88.3%,3年通畅率79.6%,5年通畅率76.1%,10年通畅率57.1%。单纯球囊扩张成形术与球囊扩张+支架置入术,1年通畅率分别为91.7%和68.6%(P=0.045)。合并症方面,早期合并症仅有2例出血,晚期合并症共出现13例,其中脑梗死1例,血栓栓塞6例,再狭窄5例(支架内再狭窄2例,球囊扩张后再狭窄3例),人工血管排异反应1例,其中腔内治疗5例,转流手术8例(P=0.002)。累计无合并症比率1年为88.1%,3年为79.0%,5年为75.4%,10年为51.9%。Logistic回归分析提示,随访期间免疫指标异常是术后合并症独立危险因素(OR=7.596,CI:1.091-52.884,P=0.041)。结论转流手术与腔内治疗在3年和5年远期通畅率上,转流手术要明显优于腔内治疗;随访期间免疫指标的异常是术后出现合并症的独立危险因素,因此术后免疫调节显得尤为重要;球囊扩张成形术较球囊扩张加支架置入术有更好的一期通畅率。     

彩色超声多普勒引导下放置下腔静脉滤器

目的 探讨在彩色超声引导下行下腔静脉滤器(vena eava filter，VCF)置入术的可行性。方法 2001年7月～2003年11月安贞医院血管外科在彩色超声多普勒引导下放置永久性VCF11例。术前均经彩色超声确诊下肢深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis，DVT)。术中应用彩超定位，将VCF确切的放置于平肾静脉开口之下的下腔静脉。术后常规肝素和华法令抗凝。结果 本组均获成功。术后7～26月随访，无肺栓塞(pulmonary embolism，PE)发生，无VCF相关并发症出现。结论 不利于搬动的重症患者适合在床旁用此种方法放置VCF。在术前胃肠道准备是必要的。彩超确定下腔静脉和施放VCF的静脉通路无血栓形成，测量下腔静脉直径，明确肾静脉于下腔静脉开口的位置是保证手术成功的关键。彩超引导下行VCF置入术是可行的和方便的，但是还需要同其它方法进行更进一步的比较，以验证其安全性。     

手术取栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的系统评价

目的探讨下肢深静脉血拴急性期手术取栓的疗效和安全性。方法计算机检索MEDLINE(1966-2006．6)、EMbase(1984-2006．6)、Cochrane图书馆(2006年第2期)、中国生物医学文献数据库(1989-2006．6)、中文生物医学期刊数据库(1994-2006．6)和中国医学学术会议论文数据库(1994-1999),手枪国内《血管外科会议汇编》(1991-2006．6)和国内《血管外科》杂志(2000-2006．6),纳入手术取栓与标准抗凝治疗比较的随机对照试验。由两名研究者独立进行文献质量评价和数据提取,并按Cochrane协作网提供的方法对纳入文献进行质量评价和结果分析。结果共检索到相关文献8篇,其中6篇符合纳入标准。手术取栓组6个月静脉完全通畅率高于抗凝治疗组[OR=7．26,95％CI(2．40,21．94)]。两组5年静脉通畅率差异无统计学意义[OR=2．59,95%CI(0．88,7．67)]。手术取栓组6个月深静脉血栓形成后综合征(PTS)的发生率[OR=0．11,95％CI(0．59,1．59)]和5年PTS发生率[OR=0．18,95％CI(0．06,0．60)]均低于抗凝组,但两组10年PTS发生率和大部分瓣膜静脉功能测定指标无差异。两组肺栓塞的发生率差异无统计学意义[OR=1．40,95％CI(0.39,4．97)]。结论对于争性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者,手术取栓仅能促进其近期静脉瓣膜功能恢复和通畅程度,而对改善通畅率作用不显著。目前缺乏足够的证据证实手术远期疗效具有优势。手术取栓具有较好的安全性。鉴于本评价纳入的试验样本量小,质量不高,且多数发表年限较早,降低了结论的可靠性,亟需大样本试验证实其疗效。     

医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的治疗方法

Objective To evaluate the effect on ultrasound-guided locsl comprression and surgical to treat iatrogenic fem- oral artery pseudoanerurysms. Methods 197 patients were diagnosed as iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms from Apri 1199 to April 2008.There were 122 male and 75 female, aged 59.7 years (rimed 40- 81 years). One. Hundrel and severty-one stahle cases were managed by ultrasound-guided local compression initially and 26 patients were directly treated with surgical repair because d the rupture of femoral artery pesudoaneurysms or the pseudoaneurysms≥40mm in diameter. Results 171 patients received llocal com- pression therapy, 137 cases were cured directly (the effective rate was 80%), but the last failed 34 cases were required conversion to surgical reparr. The nymber of the surgical repaired patients was 60 (incluing 26 cases with direct operation and 34 cases with required conversion to surgical repair). Forty-seven patients received direct excision of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm, six patients underwent angioplasty with autogenously saphenous vein patch, and seven patients got bypass operation with artificial vascular graft. During the perioperative period, no serious complications including bleeding, neuralgia, and lymphatic fistula even arterio venous fis- tula and so on, no death occurred. All patients were followed up for 1 month to5 years after the procedures, no local FAP recurred, no limb ischemia developed and no deaths occurred. Conclusion Uitrasound-guided compression, surgical repair, and ultrasound- guided percutaneous thrombin injection are the three main modalities of treating iatrogenic FAP, while ultrasound-guided compresson and magical therapy get popularized domestically. Ultrasound-guided comperession seems a safe, inexpensive, and effective method for the managerment of iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms. It may be used as a lust-line therapetic modality for mint of the un-complicated patients. However, surgical repair can be reserved for those who failed comperssion therapy or unsuitable as mentioned above.     

主髂动脉破裂外科治疗23例体会

目的探讨外科手术在主髂动脉破裂治疗中的地位。方法分析1984年4月至2003 年12月手术治疗的23例主髂动脉破裂患者的临床资料,主髂动脉瘤破裂18例,外伤性破裂5例。其中破损修补2例,人工血管置换21例。结果 23例患者中,手术抢救成功19例,死亡4例,其中术后48 h内死于急性肾功能衰竭2例,死于应激性溃疡并发消化道大出血1例,术后72 h内死于呼吸功能衰竭1例。结论对于主髂动脉破裂患者须积极纠正低血容量休克,同时迅速有效控制主髂动脉血流后尽快修补血管或行人工血管置换。     

旁路移植人工血管闭塞原因分析及再手术的术式选择

目的 分析旁路移植人工血管闭塞的原因，探讨再手术术式的选择。方法 回顾性分析自1993年1月至2002年5月治疗的旁路移植人工血管闭塞患者47例。均给予再手术治疗，其中单纯人工血管切开取栓9例；人工血管取栓 吻合口成形16例；人工血管或自体大隐静脉再移植22例。结果 单纯人工血管切开取栓术及人工血管取栓 吻合口成形术的2年再闭塞率分别为67％、56％，明显高于人工血管或自体大隐静脉再移植手术术式的9％。结论 人工血管或自体大隐静脉再移植手术的效果明显优于单纯人工血管切开取栓术及人工血管取栓 吻合口成形术。     

腋-股动脉旁路移植救治慢性重症下肢缺血

目的 探讨腋-股动脉转流救治慢性重症下肢缺血的疗效。方法 回顾性分析1995年1月至2002年11月的63例主髂动脉闭塞患者行腋-单股和腋-双股动脉人工血管旁路移植的临床资料。结果 44例出院时静息痛消失，19例患者间歇跛行消失，平均踝/肱比从术前的0、18(0-0．49)提高到0．68(0．29～1．04)。本组肢体救治率87．4％，截肢率7．9％。3例死亡，手术死亡率是4．7％。1、3、5年通畅率分别为93．2％、79．8％、64．1％。结论 因主髂动脉闭塞导致慢性重症下肢缺血的高危患者，通过腋-股动脉人工血管旁路移植可有效的挽救肢体和生命。     

低分子肝素联合安步乐克治疗重度下肢缺血的前瞻性研究

目的:前瞻性随机对照研究,低分子肝素联合安步乐克治疗重度下肢缺血。方法:将83例重度下肢缺血患者随机分为治疗组及对照组,分别给予低分子肝素、安步乐克、培达和胰激肽释放酶,并比较两组间的疗效性及安全性。结果:治疗组显效率38.5%(30/78),有效率48.7%(38/78),无效率12.8%(10/78);对照组显效率10.1%(7/69),有效率14.5%(10/69),无效率为75.4%(52/69)(P<0.001);两组皆无出血病例。结论:低分子肝素与安步乐克联合应用,可以起到协同作用,不仅可以增加下肢缺血FontaineⅡ期患者的跛行距离,更能使下肢缺血FontaineⅢ及Ⅳ期患者的静息痛减轻或消失,促进侧枝动脉形成,同时也未增加出血风险,体现了两者联合的有效性及安全性。     

医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的治疗方法

Objective To evaluate the effect on ultrasound-guided locsl comprression and surgical to treat iatrogenic fem- oral artery pseudoanerurysms. Methods 197 patients were diagnosed as iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms from Apri 1199 to April 2008.There were 122 male and 75 female, aged 59.7 years (rimed 40- 81 years). One. Hundrel and severty-one stahle cases were managed by ultrasound-guided local compression initially and 26 patients were directly treated with surgical repair because d the rupture of femoral artery pesudoaneurysms or the pseudoaneurysms≥40mm in diameter. Results 171 patients received llocal com- pression therapy, 137 cases were cured directly (the effective rate was 80%), but the last failed 34 cases were required conversion to surgical reparr. The nymber of the surgical repaired patients was 60 (incluing 26 cases with direct operation and 34 cases with required conversion to surgical repair). Forty-seven patients received direct excision of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm, six patients underwent angioplasty with autogenously saphenous vein patch, and seven patients got bypass operation with artificial vascular graft. During the perioperative period, no serious complications including bleeding, neuralgia, and lymphatic fistula even arterio venous fis- tula and so on, no death occurred. All patients were followed up for 1 month to5 years after the procedures, no local FAP recurred, no limb ischemia developed and no deaths occurred. Conclusion Uitrasound-guided compression, surgical repair, and ultrasound- guided percutaneous thrombin injection are the three main modalities of treating iatrogenic FAP, while ultrasound-guided compresson and magical therapy get popularized domestically. Ultrasound-guided comperession seems a safe, inexpensive, and effective method for the managerment of iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms. It may be used as a lust-line therapetic modality for mint of the un-complicated patients. However, surgical repair can be reserved for those who failed comperssion therapy or unsuitable as mentioned above.