大动脉炎手术与腔内治疗的效果及其影响因素

目的研究中国人种族中,大动脉炎腔内治疗及转流手术疗效的比较,以及影响因素的分析,为国人大动脉炎治疗方式的选择及术后合并症的预防提供数据参考。方法研究对象选取从2002年1月至2014年7月,在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院血管科诊断为大动脉炎并进行外科治疗的患者,诊断标准采用1990年美国风湿病学会制定标准,对患者随访后进行数据分析。结果共行手术49例次,女性44例,占89.8%,平均发病年龄(27.20±10.35)岁,手术27例,腔内治疗22例(支架置入7例、球囊扩张15例),共处理病变血管61根。随访时间3~148个月,平均(50.43±42.708)个月,无死亡病例。通畅率方面,3个月通畅率97.8%,6个月通畅率95.6%,1年通畅率88.3%,3年通畅率79.6%,5年通畅率76.1%,10年通畅率57.1%。单纯球囊扩张成形术与球囊扩张+支架置入术,1年通畅率分别为91.7%和68.6%(P=0.045)。合并症方面,早期合并症仅有2例出血,晚期合并症共出现13例,其中脑梗死1例,血栓栓塞6例,再狭窄5例(支架内再狭窄2例,球囊扩张后再狭窄3例),人工血管排异反应1例,其中腔内治疗5例,转流手术8例(P=0.002)。累计无合并症比率1年为88.1%,3年为79.0%,5年为75.4%,10年为51.9%。Logistic回归分析提示,随访期间免疫指标异常是术后合并症独立危险因素(OR=7.596,CI:1.091-52.884,P=0.041)。结论转流手术与腔内治疗在3年和5年远期通畅率上,转流手术要明显优于腔内治疗;随访期间免疫指标的异常是术后出现合并症的独立危险因素,因此术后免疫调节显得尤为重要;球囊扩张成形术较球囊扩张加支架置入术有更好的一期通畅率。     

主髂动脉硬化闭塞症的腔内治疗

主髂动脉硬化闭塞症是血管外科的常见疾病,腔内技术治疗主髂动脉病变有良好的近远期疗效,已成为主髂动脉硬化闭塞症的首选方法。我科自2002年1月至2010年6月共行主髂动脉硬化闭塞症腔内治疗161例,报道如下。     

医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的治疗方法

Objective To evaluate the effect on ultrasound-guided locsl comprression and surgical to treat iatrogenic fem- oral artery pseudoanerurysms. Methods 197 patients were diagnosed as iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms from Apri 1199 to April 2008.There were 122 male and 75 female, aged 59.7 years (rimed 40- 81 years). One. Hundrel and severty-one stahle cases were managed by ultrasound-guided local compression initially and 26 patients were directly treated with surgical repair because d the rupture of femoral artery pesudoaneurysms or the pseudoaneurysms≥40mm in diameter. Results 171 patients received llocal com- pression therapy, 137 cases were cured directly (the effective rate was 80%), but the last failed 34 cases were required conversion to surgical reparr. The nymber of the surgical repaired patients was 60 (incluing 26 cases with direct operation and 34 cases with required conversion to surgical repair). Forty-seven patients received direct excision of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm, six patients underwent angioplasty with autogenously saphenous vein patch, and seven patients got bypass operation with artificial vascular graft. During the perioperative period, no serious complications including bleeding, neuralgia, and lymphatic fistula even arterio venous fis- tula and so on, no death occurred. All patients were followed up for 1 month to5 years after the procedures, no local FAP recurred, no limb ischemia developed and no deaths occurred. Conclusion Uitrasound-guided compression, surgical repair, and ultrasound- guided percutaneous thrombin injection are the three main modalities of treating iatrogenic FAP, while ultrasound-guided compresson and magical therapy get popularized domestically. Ultrasound-guided comperession seems a safe, inexpensive, and effective method for the managerment of iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms. It may be used as a lust-line therapetic modality for mint of the un-complicated patients. However, surgical repair can be reserved for those who failed comperssion therapy or unsuitable as mentioned above.     

彩色超声多普勒引导下放置下腔静脉滤器

目的 探讨在彩色超声引导下行下腔静脉滤器(vena eava filter，VCF)置入术的可行性。方法 2001年7月～2003年11月安贞医院血管外科在彩色超声多普勒引导下放置永久性VCF11例。术前均经彩色超声确诊下肢深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis，DVT)。术中应用彩超定位，将VCF确切的放置于平肾静脉开口之下的下腔静脉。术后常规肝素和华法令抗凝。结果 本组均获成功。术后7～26月随访，无肺栓塞(pulmonary embolism，PE)发生，无VCF相关并发症出现。结论 不利于搬动的重症患者适合在床旁用此种方法放置VCF。在术前胃肠道准备是必要的。彩超确定下腔静脉和施放VCF的静脉通路无血栓形成，测量下腔静脉直径，明确肾静脉于下腔静脉开口的位置是保证手术成功的关键。彩超引导下行VCF置入术是可行的和方便的，但是还需要同其它方法进行更进一步的比较，以验证其安全性。     

手术取栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的系统评价

目的探讨下肢深静脉血拴急性期手术取栓的疗效和安全性。方法计算机检索MEDLINE(1966-2006．6)、EMbase(1984-2006．6)、Cochrane图书馆(2006年第2期)、中国生物医学文献数据库(1989-2006．6)、中文生物医学期刊数据库(1994-2006．6)和中国医学学术会议论文数据库(1994-1999),手枪国内《血管外科会议汇编》(1991-2006．6)和国内《血管外科》杂志(2000-2006．6),纳入手术取栓与标准抗凝治疗比较的随机对照试验。由两名研究者独立进行文献质量评价和数据提取,并按Cochrane协作网提供的方法对纳入文献进行质量评价和结果分析。结果共检索到相关文献8篇,其中6篇符合纳入标准。手术取栓组6个月静脉完全通畅率高于抗凝治疗组[OR=7．26,95％CI(2．40,21．94)]。两组5年静脉通畅率差异无统计学意义[OR=2．59,95%CI(0．88,7．67)]。手术取栓组6个月深静脉血栓形成后综合征(PTS)的发生率[OR=0．11,95％CI(0．59,1．59)]和5年PTS发生率[OR=0．18,95％CI(0．06,0．60)]均低于抗凝组,但两组10年PTS发生率和大部分瓣膜静脉功能测定指标无差异。两组肺栓塞的发生率差异无统计学意义[OR=1．40,95％CI(0.39,4．97)]。结论对于争性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者,手术取栓仅能促进其近期静脉瓣膜功能恢复和通畅程度,而对改善通畅率作用不显著。目前缺乏足够的证据证实手术远期疗效具有优势。手术取栓具有较好的安全性。鉴于本评价纳入的试验样本量小,质量不高,且多数发表年限较早,降低了结论的可靠性,亟需大样本试验证实其疗效。     

不同时期大动脉炎患者血浆差异表达蛋白的变化

目的 在血浆中筛选与大动脉炎疾病和时期相关的血浆差异表达蛋白.方法 提取各20例大动脉炎急、慢性期患者和20例健康者的血浆进行蛋白双向凝胶电泳,计算机图像软件分析筛选差异性表达的蛋白点,基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间(MALDI-TOF)质谱鉴定差异表达蛋白.并对部分蛋白采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血浆中的含量.结果 筛选鉴定出疾病差异表达蛋白14种,包括血清淀粉样蛋白A,血清淀粉样P物质,纤维蛋白原,C3c,C4a,C7,C4结合蛋白,补体因子H-相关蛋白1,α-1酸性糖蛋白,重组激活基因蛋白1(RAG1),载脂蛋白A-Ⅰ、Ⅳ,α1-微球蛋白,转甲状腺素蛋白,结合珠蛋白;其中与大动脉炎不同时期相关的蛋白有血清淀粉样蛋白A、纤维蛋白原、转甲状腺素蛋白、结合珠蛋白.在ELJSA检测中,急性期患者血清中血清淀粉样蛋白A水平(中位数95.9 mg/L)和显著高于慢性期(中位数49.2 mg/L,P=0.009)和健康对照组(中位数23.9 mg/L,P=0.001).急性期补体C4结合蛋白C4BP(中位数88.5 mg/L)显著高于慢性期(中位数61.7mg/L,P=0.023)和正常对照(中位数32.6 mg/L,P=0.001).结论 大动脉患者血浆有多种免疫有关蛋白和急性时相蛋白的表达,有可能用于疾病不同时期的判定;补体激活,补体调节蛋白和自身抗体的产生均参与大动脉炎的免疫病理机制,对这些蛋白的进一步研究有助于阐明大动脉炎的病理机制.     

彩色多普勒超声在引导下腔静脉滤器植人中的临床应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声引导下行下腔静脉滤器(VCF)置入术的可行性、安全性和临床实用价值。方法回顾性分析2003年7月—2010年12月血管外科在彩色多普勒超声引导下放置永久性VCF患者17例的资料,术前均经彩色超声确诊下肢深静脉血栓(DVT),确定下腔静脉和施放VCF的静脉通路无血栓形成,并测量下腔静脉直径,术中应用彩色超声对永久性VCF植入进行定位引导。结果 17例患者均获成功(100%),术后随访6～72个月,无肺栓塞(PE)及VCF相关并发症。结论彩色多普勒超声引导下腔静脉滤器置入术安全、可行性好,彩色多普勒超声确定下腔静脉和施放VCF的静脉通路无血栓形成,明确肾静脉汇入下腔静脉开口的位置是保证手术成功的关键。     

离体巨大肾动脉瘤切除、肾动脉成形和自体移植一例

肾动脉瘤是罕见的内脏动脉瘤，治疗巨大的肾动脉瘤的报道很少，我院采用肾切除后，在肾保护下行肾动脉瘤切除，肾动脉成形和自体肾移植的方法治疗右肾门处巨大肾动脉瘤1例，现报告如下。     

华法林在我国治疗静脉血栓栓塞性疾病的最优抗凝区间

目的 前瞻性研究我国静脉血栓栓塞性疾病(VTE)患者不同华法林抗凝强度区间的出血率和VTE复发率及寻找最优国际标准化比值(INR)区间.方法 将2006年10月至2007年7月间安贞医院收治的180例VTE患者作为研究对象,随机分成A、B、C 3组,每组各60例,分别对应INR目标区问是1.50～1.99(低强度抗凝组)、2.00～2.50(中等强度抗凝组)及2.51～3.00(高强度抗凝组).INR稳定在目标区间2周以上后,开始正式观察每组大、中、小量出血率及VTE复发率.研究者及观察对象均遵循盲法原则.结果 低强度组与中高强度组的复发率分别为8.3%、1.7%(P=0.042).低、中、高强度抗凝3组间少量出血率分别为8.3%、18.3%及6.7%(P=0.089);低与中高强度组中量出血率分别为3.3%、7.5%(P=0.341);低与中高强度组大量出血率分别为0%、3.3%(P=0.303).62岁以上人群,中低强度组大出血(1例)与高强度组(3例)相比(即INR从1.5～2.5增加到2.51～3.00),危险比为12.600(95%可信区间为1.183～134.238).结论 对于一般中国人.华法林抗凝INR在2.0～3.0之间既能减少VTE复发风险又不增加出血风险,故INR应推荐在2.0～3.0之间.对于年龄62岁以上的高龄人群,INR应推荐在2.0～2.5之间.     

医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的治疗方法

Objective To evaluate the effect on ultrasound-guided locsl comprression and surgical to treat iatrogenic fem- oral artery pseudoanerurysms. Methods 197 patients were diagnosed as iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms from Apri 1199 to April 2008.There were 122 male and 75 female, aged 59.7 years (rimed 40- 81 years). One. Hundrel and severty-one stahle cases were managed by ultrasound-guided local compression initially and 26 patients were directly treated with surgical repair because d the rupture of femoral artery pesudoaneurysms or the pseudoaneurysms≥40mm in diameter. Results 171 patients received llocal com- pression therapy, 137 cases were cured directly (the effective rate was 80%), but the last failed 34 cases were required conversion to surgical reparr. The nymber of the surgical repaired patients was 60 (incluing 26 cases with direct operation and 34 cases with required conversion to surgical repair). Forty-seven patients received direct excision of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm, six patients underwent angioplasty with autogenously saphenous vein patch, and seven patients got bypass operation with artificial vascular graft. During the perioperative period, no serious complications including bleeding, neuralgia, and lymphatic fistula even arterio venous fis- tula and so on, no death occurred. All patients were followed up for 1 month to5 years after the procedures, no local FAP recurred, no limb ischemia developed and no deaths occurred. Conclusion Uitrasound-guided compression, surgical repair, and ultrasound- guided percutaneous thrombin injection are the three main modalities of treating iatrogenic FAP, while ultrasound-guided compresson and magical therapy get popularized domestically. Ultrasound-guided comperession seems a safe, inexpensive, and effective method for the managerment of iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms. It may be used as a lust-line therapetic modality for mint of the un-complicated patients. However, surgical repair can be reserved for those who failed comperssion therapy or unsuitable as mentioned above.