左双腔支气管导管管端位置与吸气峰压变化的关系

目的 观测无隆突钩双腔支气管导管(DLT)管端位置与吸气峰压(Ppeak)以及肺顺应性环形状改变的关系，探讨用Ppeak和顺应性环的变化评估DLT管端位置的可行性。方法 拟行右侧剖胸手术的成年患者32例，静脉诱导后插入左Mallinckrodt DLT，吸入氧化亚氮和地氟醚维持麻醉。按纤维支气管镜(FOB)确认DLT管端位置和通气方式将观测过程分为四个阶段：第一阶段(S1)，管端位置正确的双肺通气；第二阶段(S2)，管端位置正确的左侧单肺通气；第三阶段(S3)，管端插入左下支气管(置管过深)的左侧单肺通气；第四阶段(S。)，管端处在左支气管开口(置管偏浅)的左侧单肺通气。每阶段均机械通气15min。结果 回归方程预计插管深度与FOB检查符合者占71．9％。S2时Ppeak值比S1时增加50．8％，肺顺应性(Cdyn)值减少36．2％；S3时Ppeak值比S1时增加87．4％，Cdyn值减少56．8％。PV环曲线斜率向右明显移位，环体显著延长。结论 用无隆突钩DLT行肺隔离，在无FOB定位的条件时，联合应用听诊法、回归方程预计插管深度、动态监测气道峰压和P-V环的变化综合评估，可提高DLT管端的正确到位率。单肺通气的气道峰压超过双肺通气时的1．65倍，且气道峰压超过25cm H2O．应高度怀疑DLT管端发生过深移位。     

多层螺旋CT三维成像行国人气道径线分析

目的探讨国人气管和主支气管各种解剖径线的长度与角度.方法用多层螺旋CT三维成像法测定300例成年健康体检者锁骨胸骨端水平气管内径、锁骨胸骨端水平到隆突的气管长度,左、右主支气管和右中间支气管内径与长度,以及左、右主支气管长轴与矢状面的夹角.结果男性气管、左、右主支气管、右中间支气管内径与长度,以及右上肺叶支气管开口内径均大于女性,而女性左、右主支气管长轴与矢状面夹角均大于男性(p<0.05或0.01).成年人与老年人上述各解剖径线值差异无显著(p>0.05).左主支气管内径值与右主支气管内径值呈高度相关,且分别与气管内径值和身高呈高度相关(p<0.01).结论通过多层螺旋CT三维成像法测定国人气管、左和右主支气管径线值,获左、右主支气管内径值与患者身高和气管内径测量值的回归方程,可预测其左、右主支气管内径值.     

公立医院改革中公益性与积极性均衡的实现路径

公立医院改革中实现公益性与积极性的均衡在理论上有四大路径。本文在分析四大路径优劣的基础上,提出公立医院改革中实现公益性与积极性均衡的有效路径：在供求情况分析的基础上,坚持一个根本原则和推进三项体制改革。     

动态对比增强磁共振对急性脑梗死患者血脑屏障通透性的研究

目的通过动态对比增强(dynamic contrast-enhanced,DCE)MRI定量评估血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier,BBB)的通透性,探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者BBB通透性的变化及相关影响因素。方法将50例急性缺血性脑卒中患者根据不同治疗方案,分为常规药物组12例,静脉溶栓组19例和取栓组19例,患者在发病72 h内完成DCEMRI(基线时),8例患者发病14 d复查影像检查,发病3个月随访时行改良的Rankin量表(mRS)评分,将mRS评分0~2分为预后良好。使用T1DCE-MRI Extend模型计算BBB通透性指标容积转运常数(Ktrans)值,并计算脑梗死侧与脑梗死对侧Ktrans值的比值(Ki/c)。比较所有患者脑梗死侧与脑梗死对侧、发病14 d复查与基线时、3组Ktrans值和Ki/c值差异,用多因素线性回归分析lg(Ki/c)值的相关影响因素。结果所有患者脑梗死侧Ktrans值较脑梗死对侧明显增高[0.0047(0.0019,0.0087)/min vs 0.0011(0.0003,0.0016)/min,P=0.000];发病14 d复查Ki/c值较基线时明显增高[70.77(13.43,399.43)vs 5.31(3.58,12.64),P=0.012]。常规药物组lg(Ki/c)值为0.42±0.49,静脉溶栓组lg(Ki/c)值为0.77±0.32,取栓组lg(Ki/c)值为0.85±0.41,静脉溶栓组和取栓组lg(Ki/c)值较常规药物组明显升高(P=0.021,P=0.005),静脉溶栓组与取栓组lg(Ki/c)值比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.534)。常规药物组、静脉溶栓组和取栓组发病3个月预后良好比例比较,差异无统计学意义(66.7%vs 52.6%vs 52.6%,P=0.695)。多因素线性回归分析显示,lg(Ki/c)值与治疗方案(P=0.017)和脑梗死病史(P=0.030)有关。结论急性缺血性脑卒中患者BBB通透性与不同治疗方法、既往脑梗死病史有关,并且发病14 d BBB通透性较72 h内明显增高。     

MR扩散峰度成像对非酒精性脂肪性肝病诊断价值

目的探讨扩散峰度成像(DKI)对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)定量分级诊断及早期检出非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的价值。方法采用高脂饮食喂养新西兰大白兔,构建不同等级非酒精性脂肪性肝病动物模型。采用3.0 T磁共振、关节表面柔线圈,进行肝脏扩散峰度成像(b=0、400、800 s/mm2)和磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI),分别获取MD值、MK值和ADC值,对所有肝脏标本进行非酒精性脂肪性肝病活动度评分。采用Spearman相关性分析评估不同等级与磁共振参数的相关性。采用ROC明确各磁共振参数诊断不同等级非酒精性脂肪性肝病的效能。采用比较ROC分析不同模型参数在早期诊断非酒精性脂肪性肝炎中的价值。结果ADC值和MD值与非酒精性脂肪性肝病等级程度呈负相关(ρ=-0.52,-0.904;P<0.05)。MK值与疾病等级程度呈正相关(ρ=0.761;P<0.05)。MD值和MK值在临界组和NASH组间差异有统计学意义(MD:1.729±0.114比1.458±0.240μm^2/ms;MK:1.096±0.079比1.237±0.180;P<0.05)。MD值和MK值诊断NASH的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.955和0.905,且均优于ADC值(AUC=0.727)(P<0.05)。结论扩散峰度成像可对非酒精性脂肪性肝病进行分级诊断,且早期诊断非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的价值优于传统磁共振扩散加权成像。     

选择性肺叶隔离对胸科手术患者氧合及细胞因子的影响

Objective To determine the effect on concentrations of interleukin (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum and oxygenation during selective lobar blockade. Methods Thirty patients undergoing esophagectomy or lobectomy were randomly assigned to the total lung collapse (TLC) group (n=15) and the selective lobar blockade (SLB) group( n=15). Anesthesia was induced and maintained with target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil. After intubating with a 8.0 mm internal diameter single -lumen endotraeheal tube, by the guidance of fiberoptic bronchoscope, a 9F coopdech endobronchial blocker was placed into the target lobe in the SLB group, whereas the blocker was placed into the mainstem bronchus in the TLC group. Intermittent arterial blood gas analysis was performed at the following times: 15 min after two lung ventilation in the lateral decubitus position(T1)); 30 min (T2)and 60 min (T3) after TLC or SLB respectively; 15 min after recovering to two lung ventilation (T4), peak inspiratory airway pressure (Ppeak) was also recorded. BALF and blood samples were collected at T, and T4, the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF -α were measured using enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay. Results airway pressure increased significantly after the beginning of one-lung ventilation (F=215.746,P<0.05)in both groups, with more increasing extent in group T (F=53.798, P<0.01).Significant trends were found toward a better improvement in oxygention index with the group S compared with the group T after the beginning of one lung ventilation (F=1 3.747, P<0.05). IL-6 and TNF-αconcentrations of the serum and BALF collected at T4 increased significantly in both groups, but the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum and BALF in the group S was lower than those in the TLC group (IL-6:F=1503.734,P<0.01;TNF-α:F=1423.486,P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications was comparable between both groups. Conclusion The SLB strategy improves oxygenation and decreases the proinflammatory cytokines during thoracic surgery.     

两种麻醉方法对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者呼吸循环和意识恢复的比较

目的:比较两种麻醉方法对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者呼吸循环功能和意识恢复的影响.方法:气管插管全身麻醉腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者394例,术毕拔出气管导管后,送入麻醉恢复室(PACU).根据麻醉方式将所有患者分为异氟醚吸入全身麻醉组(GA组)(172例)和丙泊酚靶控输注静脉全身麻醉组(TCI组)(222例).用Aldrete麻醉后恢复评分法,记录患者入室和出室评分,入室和出室收缩压(SBP)、舒张压、脉搏血氧饱和度、心率(HR)和留室时间.结果:与TCI组比较,GA组的入室SBP、HR较高,入室评分较低,留室时间长(P＜0.05或0.01).结论: 与异氟醚吸入全麻比较,靶控输注丙泊酚复合舒芬太尼、阿曲库铵更有利于术后患者呼吸循环功能和意识的恢复,是腹腔镜下胆囊切除术的理想麻醉方法.