多层螺旋CT对继发性附件扭转的综合评估

目的探讨继发性附件扭转的CT特征及其诊断效能,构建继发性附件扭转的评分系统。资料与方法收集经手术证实的伴有附件肿物的继发性附件扭转患者37例,以及伴有腹痛、附件肿物的对照组患者34例,分析继发性附件扭转的CT特征,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价其诊断效能,构建继发性附件扭转的综合评分系统(AT-CI)。结果与对照组比较,继发性附件扭转以下CT特征发生率较高,包括肿物壁偏心性增厚(X^2=4.41,P<0.05)、附件出血(X^2=12.68,P<0.001)、肿物-子宫之间团块状结构(X^2=13.62,P<0.001)、旋涡征(X^2=10.71,P<0.05)、附件周围脂肪模糊/腹水(X^2=5.82,P<0.05)。其中肿物-子宫之间团块状结构敏感度及诊断价值最高,为81.1%(ROC曲线下面积0.71),旋涡征特异度最高,为91.2%。ATCI诊断效能优于任意单一CT特征(ROC曲线下面积0.83),评分0~2分继发性附件扭转可能性小,3~4分怀疑继发性附件扭转,评分>4分,则高度怀疑继发性附件扭转且特异度为100%。结论继发性附件扭转具有典型的CT特征,包括肿物壁偏心性增厚、附件出血、肿物-子宫之间团块状结构、旋涡征、肿物周围脂肪模糊/腹水。AT-CI是综合了继发性附件扭转全部CT特征的实用评分系统,提高了继发性附件扭转的诊断准确性。     

儿科诊断性X线扫描家属知情与接受现状调查

目的:了解建德市基层医院儿科门诊进行X线扫描治疗中,家属对X射线检查的知情同意与接受现状。方法:随机抽取建德市属3家公立综合性医院共60位接受X线扫描的儿童患者家属为调查对象,发放自制调查问卷并统计分析。结果:55位(91.67%)患者表示治疗前主治医生只告知了X射线是诊断性检查,没有具体告知X射线的危害性;18位(30%)的患者家属不清楚辐射会对人体有损害,42位(70%)不清楚或不注意辐射警示标志,更不会主动要求防护措施,学历水平较高者及有从事医务工作背景者接受X射线检查的为12人(20%),明显低于学历水平低者或没有从事医务工作背景者的46人(76.67%),不知可否接受的有2人(3.33%)(P<0.001)。结论:基层医院儿科诊断性X射线扫描前的知情同意告知仍需加强,儿科放射检查偏多,应避免并加强宣传和教育。     

孟鲁司特治疗呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎症状及反复喘息疗效研究

背景　呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）毛细支气管炎易出现反复喘息，且下呼吸道分泌物中半胱氨酸白三烯（CysLTs）水平升高。而孟鲁司特是一种白三烯受体拮抗剂，关于其治疗RSV毛细支气管炎症状的研究相对较少。目的　探讨孟鲁司特改善婴幼儿RSV毛细支气管炎后症状及减轻反复喘息发作的有效性和安全性。方法　2015年6月-2017年6月连续纳入在潍坊市妇幼保健院出院的RSV毛细支气管炎患儿，随机分为治疗组、对照组。Ⅰ期，治疗组：口服孟鲁司特颗粒（4 mg）12周，1次/d；对照组：口服安慰剂12周，1次/d。对两组无症状天数、个人日记评分进行评估。随访9个月（Ⅱ期），观察Ⅰ+Ⅱ期反复喘息人数和医疗资源应用情况等。依据意向性分析（ITT）原则，应用全分析集（FAS）分析数据。结果　共纳入研究对象186例，治疗组92例，对照组94例。治疗组完成Ⅰ期研究的患儿为89例，对照组为90例；治疗组完成Ⅰ+Ⅱ期的患儿为84例，对照组为86例。治疗组平均依从性为97.8%（7 560/7 728），对照组平均依从性为97.4%（7 690/7 896），两组患儿平均依从性比较，差异无统计学意义（χ2=3.16，P=0.07）。在Ⅰ期研究期间，两组无症状天数、日间无症状天数、夜间无症状天数、个人日记评分比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在整个研究过程中（Ⅰ+Ⅱ期），治疗组RSV毛细支气管炎喘息复发人数少于对照组（P<0.05），治疗组喘息患儿出现2次及以上喘息比例低于对照组（χ2=5.14，P=0.02）。Ⅰ+Ⅱ期研究期间治疗组医疗资源应用人数、β-受体激动剂应用人数、糖皮质激素应用人数、住院人数低于对照组（P<0.05）。在事后亚组分析中，治疗组有湿疹史与父母哮喘史的患儿中无症状天数〔（49.7±20.2）、（51.3±20.9）d〕多于对照组〔（36.3±20.4）、（37.8±19.3）d〕（t=2.19，P=0.03；t=2.24，P=0.03）。整个研究过程中没有患儿因不良反应退出研究，两组间胃肠道紊乱、皮疹、转氨酶升高发生率比较，差异均无统计学意义（χ2=0.23，P=0.63；χ2=0.03，P=0.86；χ2=0.15，P=0.69）。结论　口服孟鲁司特（4 mg）12周不能改善RSV毛细支气管炎患儿呼吸道症状，但能降低患儿反复喘息发作次数。口服孟鲁司特（4 mg）有一定效果且安全。     

Putative protective neural mechanisms in prereaders with a family history of dyslexia who subsequently develop typical reading skills

Developmental dyslexia affects 40–60% of children with a familial risk (FHD+) compared to a general prevalence of 5–10%. Despite the increased risk, about half of FHD+ children develop typical reading abilities (FHD+Typical). Yet the underlying neural characteristics of favorable reading outcomes in at‐risk children remain unknown. Utilizing a retrospective, longitudinal approach, this study examined whether putative protective neural mechanisms can be observed in FHD+Typical at the prereading stage. Functional and structural brain characteristics were examined in 47 FHD+ prereaders who subsequently developed typical (n = 35) or impaired (n = 12) reading abilities and 34 controls (FHD?Typical). Searchlight‐based multivariate pattern analyses identified distinct activation patterns during phonological processing between FHD+Typical and FHD?Typical in right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG) and left temporo‐parietal cortex (LTPC) regions. Follow‐up analyses on group‐specific classification patterns demonstrated LTPC hypoactivation in FHD+Typical compared to FHD?Typical, suggesting this neural characteristic as an FHD+ phenotype. In contrast, RIFG showed hyperactivation in FHD+Typical than FHD?Typical, and its activation pattern was positively correlated with subsequent reading abilities in FHD+ but not controls (FHD?Typical). RIFG hyperactivation in FHD+Typical was further associated with increased interhemispheric functional and structural connectivity. These results suggest that some protective neural mechanisms are already established in FHD+Typical prereaders supporting their typical reading development.     

鼠巨细胞病毒感染C57BL/6小鼠急性肝炎动物模型的建立与鉴定

目的：建立鼠巨细胞病毒（MCMV）感染C57BL/6小鼠急性肝炎模型并对其感染特点进行分析及鉴定。方法：将24 只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为阴性对照组（n =12）及病毒感染组（n =12），病毒感染组腹腔注射1.0×106 PFU（200 μL）MCMV悬液，阴性对照组注射等体积小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞（MEF）悬液。于感染后第3天和第7天取外周血分离血清检测谷丙转氨酶（ALT）及谷草转氨酶（AST）。同时进行肝组织病毒分离、组织病理学及MCMV IE和M55基因、细胞因子白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的检测。结果：病毒感染组肝组织匀浆病毒分离均为阳性，肝炎发生率为100%。在感染后第3天即发生肝炎病理改变，病毒感染组血清ALT及AST较阴性对照组明显升高（P ＜0.01）；病毒感染组肝脏HE染色第3天可见局灶性炎性细胞浸润及肝脏点灶状坏死，持续至第7天，Ishak评分较阴性对照组明显升高（P ＜0.01）；在感染后第3天病毒感染组肝组织内可检测到MCMV IE及M55基因，且在感染后第7天仍可测得IE基因；感染后第3天及第7天病毒感染组炎性细胞因子IL-6、TNF-α及IL-1β mRNA表达水平明显升高（P ＜0.05）。 结论：成功建立MCMV感染C57BL/6小鼠急性动物肝炎模型，其感染表现主要集中在急性感染前期。     

Biomechanical behavior of brain injury caused by sticks using finite element model and Hybrid-III testing

Objective: To study the biomechanical mechanism of head injuries beaten with sticks, which is common in the battery or assaultive cases. Methods: In this study, the Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device and finite element model (FEM) of the total human model for safety (THUMS) head were used to determine the biomechanical response of head while being beaten with different sticks. Total eight Hybrid-III tests and four finite element simulations were conducted. The contact force, resultant acceleration of head center of gravity, intracranial pressure and von Mises stress were calculated to determine the different biomechanical behavior of head with beaten by different sticks. Results: In Hybrid-III tests, the stick in each group demonstrated the similar kinematic behavior under the same loading condition. The peak values of the resultant acceleration for thick iron stick group, thin iron stick group, thick wooden stick group and thin wooden stick group were 203.4 g, 221.1 g, 170.5 g and 122.2 g respectively. In finite element simulations, positive intracranial pressure was initially observed in the frontal comparing with negative intracranial pressure in the contra-coup site. Subsequently the intracranial pressure in the coup site was decreasing toward negative value while the contra-coup intracranial pressure increasing toward positive values. Conclusions: The results illustrated that the stiffer and larger the stick was, the higher the von Mises stress, contact force and intracranial pressure were. We believed that the results in the Hybrid-III tests and THUMS head simulations for brain injury beaten with sticks could be reliable and useful for better understanding the injury mechanism.     

COVID-19, chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease and anti-rheumatic treatments

Clinical Rheumatology - Since December 2019, the pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises a real public health problem. COVID-19 appeared in Wuhan (Hubei province) in China....     

营养支持在重症心脏瓣膜病外科的临床应用

目的 探讨营养支持在重症心脏瓣膜病外科治疗中的作用。方法2000年5月-2005年5月对182例重症心脏瓣膜病行瓣膜置换术，围术期采用营养支持疗法。其中单瓣病变74例，二尖瓣合并主动脉瓣病变108例。135例行三尖瓣成形术，37例行左房折叠术。结果 182例住院死亡5例，死亡率2.7%，术后并发低心排15例，死亡1例，随访151例，结论 科学的应用营养支持方案，可以明显地提高重症心脏瓣膜病外科手术成功率。