Liver diseases in COVID-19:Etiology,treatment and prognosis

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, China causing coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19). Numerous studies have shown varying degrees of liver damage in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, in previous case studies of COVID-19, the exact cause of liver injury has not been clearly elucidated, nor is there clear evidence of the interaction between liver injury and COVID-19. This study will analyze the causes of liver injury in COVID-19 and the influence of liver-related complications on the treatment and prognosis of COVID-19.     

Environmental perspectives of COVID-19 outbreaks: A review

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began in December 2019 in China and has led to a global public health emergency. Previously, it was known as 2019-nCoV and caused disease mainly through respiratory pathways. The COVID-19 outbreak is ranked third globally as the most highly pathogenic disease of the twenty-first century, after the outbreak of SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome in 2002 and 2012, respectively. Clinical, laboratory, and diagnostic methodology have been demonstrated in some observational studies. No systematic reviews on COVID-19 have been published regarding the integration of COVID-19 outbreaks (monitoring, fate and treatment) with environmental and human health perspectives. Accordingly, this review systematically addresses environmental aspects of COVID-19 outbreak such as the origin of SARS-CoV-2, epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic methodology, treatment options and technological advancement for the prevention of COVID-19 outbreaks. Finally, we integrate COVID-19 outbreaks (monitoring, fate and treatment) with environmental and human health perspectives. We believe that this review will help to understand the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as a multipurpose document, not only for the scientific community but also for global citizens. Countries should adopt emergency preparedness such as prepare human resources, infrastructure and facilities to treat severe COVID-19 as the virus spreads rapidly globally.     

2019冠状病毒病研究纪实:至2020年3月11日

2019年12月1日,武汉市出现首例不明原因肺炎病例,2020年1月8日确认病原体为新型冠状病毒,2020年1月31日世界卫生组织(WHO)将病原体暂命名为2019新冠病毒(2019-nCoV),2020年2月8日国家卫健委将该不明原因肺炎命名为新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎,novel coronavirus pneumonia),2020年2月11日,WHO依据规则将新冠肺炎正式命名为2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19),同一天,国际病毒分类委员会将2019新冠病毒正式命名为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)。2020年3月11日,WHO将新冠疫情流行趋势升级为全球大流行状态。新冠疫情暴发后,国内外研究人员迅速开展流行病学调查、短时间内分离鉴定病毒、开展病原学研究、建立检测方法、完善诊疗方案、探索致病机制、研发药物和疫苗,有效阻止了国内疫情蔓延,也为世界疫情防控赢得了时间窗口。本文拟以时间为轴线,从病原体、病毒宿主、流行病学、检测方法、致病机制和临床诊疗6个方面记述2019冠状病毒病研究的重要进展。     

TB positive cases go up in ongoing COVID-19 pandemic despite lower testing of TB: An observational study from a hospital from Northern India

The whole world is wrestling against SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). COVID-19-TB co-infection is also reported but there are limited number of studies which analyze the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in TB diagnosis and management. In this retrospective study, we observed that the TB diagnosis was reduced in pandemic time. Before COVID-19 pandemic (March–December 2019), there were 644 TB tests out of which 127 were TB positive. In ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (January–October 2020), 484 TB tests were performed and 146 patients were TB positive. Male accounted for 64%/57% of TB cases in 2019/2020 whereas female patients were 35%/42% in 2019/2020. Increase in female TB positive cases was a noticeable feature. The newly diagnosed with TB cases in 2019/2020 were 112/130 respectively. Though, we have seen only 7 COVID-TB co-infection cases, we could not establish the causal relationship in COVID-TB co-infection. The increase in the number of TB positive cases during COVID-19 pandemic clearly showed how adversely COVID-19 has affected TB diagnosis and management. Anticipating the increase in TB cases in future, we emphasize the need to ensure continuous TB testing and treatment despite the pandemic burden. Further study on the COVID-TB co-infection in high TB-burden countries like India, is required to enable analyses of interactions, risk factors in COVID-19-TB co-infection.     

SARS-CoV-2 variants: A continuing threat to global health

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 pandemic ha...     

Profile of natural anticoagulant,coagulant factor and anti-phospholipid antibody in critically ill COVID-19 patients

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now become a global pandemic. Coagulopathy has been reported widely in critically ill COVID-19...     

Alcoholic Liver Disease and COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Series

The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) was reported by the World Health Organization in December 2019, and since then it has progressed into a worldwide pandemic, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 and elevated liver chemistries are seen in up to 50% of infected patients. Recent reports have suggested a high mortality rate for COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing liver disease, having an associated mortality of 39.8%. Alcoholic liver disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in New Mexico (USA), and we report here the clinical course and characteristics of three cases of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis who were admitted to our hospital with COVID-19.     

SARS-CoV-2 identification in an acute appendicitis case: Acute abdomen as manifestation of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in a child with COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health emergency. The clinical course of COVID-19 in children is mild in most of the cases, but multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is recognized as a potential life-threatening complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Acute abdomen as a presentation of COVID-19 is rare, and its correlation to COVID-19 features and prognosis remains undetermined. Herein, we describe a case of appendicitis in a child with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and subsequent SARS-CoV-2 identification in appendix tissue.     

O Efeito da Doença de Coronavírus 2019 nas Doenças Cardiovasculares

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting the world, seen in more than 1,300,000 patients. COVID-19 acts through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Cardiovascular comorbidities are more common with COVID-19, and nearly 10% of cases develop myocarditis (22% of critical patients). Further research is needed to continue or discontinue ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, which are essential in hypertension and heart failure in COVID-19. Intensive research is promising for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19.     

Systemic lupus erythematosus with acute pancreatitis and vasculitic rash following COVID-19 vaccine: a case report and literature review

Clinical Rheumatology - Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that is caused by COVID-19 virus, which was initially identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Vaccination is one...     

COVID-19 and acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease

We conducted a study to examine the effect of COVID-19 on the acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD) early in the COVID-19 epidemic (January 1–April 30, 2020). An online questionnaire survey was conducted, which was completed by 134 hospitals. During this period, 854 patients with AE-ILD (including 12 cases of COVID-AE-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were hospitalized at 128 hospitals. In comparison, the total number of AE-ILD hospitalizations during the same period in 2019 was 894. The number of hospitalizations increased at 17 hospitals, decreased at 27, and remained the same at 88 hospitals in 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. In 2020, COVID-19-related acute exacerbations had a significantly worse prognosis than non-COVID-19-related acute exacerbations in both 30-day and 90-day mortality. Because the prognosis of AE-ILD associated with COVID-19 is extremely poor, prevention of COVID-19 is especially important for patients with ILD.     

Incidence and outcomes of splanchnic vein thrombosis after diagnosis of COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and COVID-19 vaccination may cause splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT), which is potentially fatal. The present study aims...     

Road toward rapid-molecular point of care test to detect novel SARS-coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): Review from updated literature

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) named by the WHO as a result of the global public health emergency. COVID-19 is caused by a new coronavirus named as novel coronavirus (2019-nCOV). From the first case reported in December 2019 it is now a pandemic situation and a major public health emergency. The COVID-19 transmission rate is very high, infecting two to three persons on average with contact to an already infected person. There is a need for the health system, specially in developing countries such as in Pakistan, to combat such a novel disease by rapid, accurate, and high quality diagnostic testing in order to screen suspected cases and also surveillance of the disease. A rapid, accurate and low-cost diagnostic point-of-care device is needed for timely diagnosis of COVID-19 and is essential to combat such outbreaks for compelling preventive measures against the disease spread. This review is to highlight the importance of point-of-care diagnostics device for robust and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 in physician offices and other urgent healthcare-type settings and encourage academics and stake holders towards advancement in order to control outbreaks and develop the public health surveillance system.     

The Iranian Society of Echocardiography (ISE) Statement on Performing Echocardiography During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic has caused a significant burden on the global health system. Considerable cardiovascular involvement has been reported among COVID-19 patients with higher ICU admission and mortality rates among patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. Consequently, diagnostic cardiovascular evaluations such as echocardiography are a crucial part of the disease management. On the other hand, providing safety for the patients and the healthcare personnel is a matter of great concern in the pandemic state. In this document, we have provided recommendations on performing echocardiography in hospital echocardiography labs and outpatient echocardiography clinics during the current COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease of 2019) outbreak.     

2019新型冠状病毒肺炎的挑战和机遇——对新型冠状病毒肺炎的认识及防治思考

新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)引发的新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)的持续爆发于2019年12月底在湖北武汉被首次报道,确诊病例每天都在增加,造成的死亡人数已超过2002/2003在我国爆发的SARS病毒,成为受全球关注的突发公共卫生事件,所有政府和医疗机构都处于高度戒备状态.在此,我们根据目前掌握的数据,大体对COVID-19的基因组学、流行病学、临床表现、诊断、治疗等方面进行了概述.     

Robotic-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention in a COVID-19 patient

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the biggest global health threat in the 21st century. We describe a case of a patient with suspected COVID-19 who needed urgent coronary artery interrogation, in which we utilized robotic assistance to minimize the risk of exposure to COVID-19 and reduced personal protective equipment needed by the procedural team.     

Coagulopathy,endothelial dysfunction,thrombotic microangiopathy and complement activation: potential role of complement system inhibition in COVID-19

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly evolving health crisis caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19...     

Impact of COVID-19 on Patients Hospitalized With Deep Vein Thrombosis and/or Pulmonary Embolism: A Nationwide Analysis

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection predisposes patients to develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). In this study, we compared the in-hospital outcomes of patients with DVT and/or PE with concurrent COVID-19 infection vs those with concurrent flu infection. The National Inpatient Sample from 2019 to 2020 was analyzed to identify all adult admissions diagnosed with DVT and PE. These patients were then stratified based on whether they had concomitant COVID-19 or flu. We identified 62,895 hospitalizations with the diagnosis of DVT and/or PE with concomitant COVID-19, and 8155 hospitalizations with DVT and/or PE with concomitant flu infection. After 1:1 propensity score match, the incidence of cardiac arrest and inpatient mortality were higher in the COVID-19 group. The incidence of cardiogenic shock was higher in the flu group. Increased age, Hispanic race, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, arrhythmia, liver disease, coagulopathy, and rheumatologic diseases were the independent predictors of mortality in patients with DVT and/or PE with concomitant COVID-19.     

Evaluation of botanicals as potential COVID-19 symptoms terminator

Information about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still evolving since its appearance in December 2019 and has affected the whole world. Particularly, a search for an effective and safe treatment for COVID-19 continues. Botanical mixtures contain secondary metabolites (such as flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, essential oils etc.) with many therapeutic effects. In this study, the use of herbal treatments against COVID-19 was evaluated. Medical synthetic drugs focus mainly on respiratory symptoms, however herbal therapy with plant extracts may be useful to relieve overall symptoms of COVID-19 due to the variety of bioactive ingredients. Since COVID-19 is a virus that affects the respiratory tract, the antiviral effects of botanicals/plants against respiratory viruses have been examined through clinical studies. Data about COVID-19 patients revealed that the virus not only affects the respiratory system but different organs including the gastrointestinal (GI) system. As GI symptoms seriously affect quality of life, herbal options that might eliminate these problems were also evaluated. Finally, computer modeling studies of plants and their active compounds on COVID-19 were included. In summary, herbal therapies were identified as potential options for both antiviral effects and control of COVID-19 symptoms. Further data will be needed to enlighten all aspects of COVID-19 pathogenesis, before determining the effects of plants on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.