乳腺癌随访和药物副作用管理策略的研究进展

乳腺癌是全球女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,随着诊断技术及治疗手段的不断提高,乳腺癌患者接受系统治疗后生存期明显延长。乳腺癌患者需要长时间的随访以便及早监测到局部复发和远处转移。此外,激素敏感性乳腺癌患者还需要给予5~10年的内分泌治疗,针对其副作用的全程管理也需要随访,进而提高患者的生活质量,减轻患者疾病负担。本文就近年来乳腺癌随访相关方面进行简要综述。     

朝鲜淫羊藿酸性多糖的理化特性及对HepG2细胞脂质堆积的改善作用＊

目的 对比研究朝鲜淫羊藿酸性多糖酯化还原前后的理化特性，并探讨其改善油酸诱导的肝癌HepG2细胞脂质堆积活性的差异。方法 采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法测定朝鲜淫羊藿酸性多糖（EFPA）的均一性和分子量，高效液相色谱法测定EFPA和酯化还原后朝鲜淫羊藿酸性多糖（EFPA-R）的单糖组成；采用油酸（OA）处理HepG2细胞诱导建立脂质蓄积模型，不同浓度EFPA与EFPA-R（10、30、100、300 μg·mL^-1）分别和OA共同作用于细胞24 h，采用CCK-8试剂盒测定细胞存活率，油红O染色观察细胞内脂滴蓄积情况，并采用试剂盒测定细胞内总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）含量。结果 EFPA为成分均一的多糖组分，分子量为125.8 kDa，由甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖醛酸和阿拉伯糖组成，摩尔比为1.7∶7.4∶1.4∶1.8∶1.0，葡萄糖占比最大，EFPA-R由甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖组成，摩尔比为0.8∶10.6∶2.1∶1.0；在10-300 μg·mL^-1范围内，EFPA和EFPA-R对HepG2细胞的抑制作用较弱，作为给药浓度；与空白组相比，模型组细胞中TC、TG含量显著升高（P < 0.01），细胞内红色脂滴显著增多，与模型组相比，EFPA可显著降低细胞中TC、TG含量（P < 0.01），明显减少细胞内红色脂滴（P < 0.05或P < 0.01），EFPA-R干预后细胞则无明显变化。结论 EFPA可明显改善HepG2细胞脂质堆积情况，且呈现剂量依赖性，而半乳糖醛酸（GalA）的存在可能是其抑制HepG2细胞脂质蓄积的关键因素。     

静吸复合麻醉对特重度烧伤患者凝血功能障碍的影响

目的收集特重度烧伤(总TBSA50%以上或三度TBSA20%以上或伴有严重并发症者)患者围术期凝血指标(APTT、PT、FIB、DD和PLT)，分析静吸复合麻醉对患者凝血功能的影响及其临床意义。 方法选取近3年内蒙古医科大学第三附属医院烧伤外科收治的特重度烧伤患者148例，根据入院14 d内的预后分为死亡组和生存组，生存组男性129例，女性9例；年龄24~59岁，平均(43.30±12.90)岁。死亡组男性8例，女性2例；年龄26~63岁，平均(46.19±15.41)岁。收集入院时(T0)，术前(早晨入手术室前，T1)，术毕(送至PACU未拔除气管导管前，T2)及术后2 d(T3)4个时间点的凝血指标，比较两组凝血指标动态差异。 结果死亡组休克期输液量、累计血浆、红细胞输入量显著高于生存组(P<0.01)。T0时，生存组的FIB(1.78±0.32)显著高于死亡组(1.26±0.07)(P<0.05)；T2时，两组APTT、PT均显著缩短(P<0.05)，生存组的FIB(3.86±0.40)显著高于死亡组(2.45±1.02)(P<0.05)；T3时，死亡组PLT显著低于生存组(P<0.01)。 结论特重度烧伤患者在围手术期易出现高凝状态，并且这可能导致患者死亡。静吸复合麻醉和围术期大量液体复苏会促进患者的高凝状态。     

Improving gelling properties of myofibrillar proteins incorporating with cellulose micro/nanofibres

The effects of cellulose microfibres (CMFs, Average size: 100 ± 5 μm) and cellulose nanofibres (CNFs, Average size: 60 ± 3 nm) on the properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) gels from duck breast meat were studied. The results demonstrated that CMFs and CNFs were mostly connected to MP by non-covalent bonds, the diffusion and cross-linking of MP molecules was promoted, and a denser and more complete gel network was formed. With the increases of CMFs and CNFs concentration (0–10%), the hardness was increased by 13.15% and 19.78% for CMFs10% and CNFs10% gels, respectively, and the elasticity was increased by 40% and 80%, respectively. At the same concentration (0–10%), the increase in gel hardness, viscoelasticity and immobilised water content was greater in the CNFs-MP group than in the CMFs-MP group. The CNFs-MP group had a tighter gel network, and CNFs had a better potential to improve the gelation performance of MP.     

Effects of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin on the gel properties and water-holding capacity of pork batter

The effects of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin (0.1, 200, and 400 MPa) on the gel properties, water-holding capacity, and water mobility of pork batter were investigated. The high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin significantly increased (P < 0.05) the emulsion stability, cooking yield, hardness, springiness, chewiness, resilience, cohesiveness, the a^* and b^* values, and the G′ and G′′ values of pork batter at 80 °C, compared with those of 0.1 MPa-modified globulin. In contrast, the centrifugal loss and initial relaxation time of T_2b, T₂₁, and T₂₂ significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the microstructure was denser, and the voids were smaller and more uniform compared with those of 0.1 MPa-modified globulin. In addition, the sample with 11S globulin modified at 400 MPa had the best water-holding capacity, gel structure, and gel properties among the samples. Overall, the use of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin improved the gel properties and water-holding capacity of pork batter, especially under 400 MPa.     

Inhibitory effects of curcumin and piperine on fluorescent advanced glycation end products formation in a bovine serum albumin–fructose model

This study investigated the inhibitory effects of curcumin and piperine on fluorescent advanced glycation end products (fAGEs) formation in a bovine serum albumin (BSA)–fructose model. Model systems of BSA and fructose were prepared, and curcumin or piperine was added. fAGEs and BSA oxidation product (dityrosine, kynurenine and N'-formylkynurenine) contents were determined. The results showed that fAGEs content decreased with increasing concentration of curcumin and piperine (P < 0.05). Addition of curcumin and piperine at 160 µg mL⁻¹ could inhibit fluorescent AGEs by 100% and 93% respectively. Dityrosine and N'-formylkynurenine contents decreased as curcumin and piperine concentration increased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the result of principal component analysis indicated that curcumin and piperine markedly impeded BSA oxidation, resulting in a lower level of fAGEs in model systems. Therefore, adding curcumin and piperine may facilitate reduced fAGEs levels in BSA–fructose model.     

Double emulsion (W/O/W) gel stabilised by polyglycerol polyricinoleate and calcium caseinate as mangiferin carrier: insights on formulation and stability properties

Mangiferin (MGF) is a phenolic compound isolated from mango, but its poor solubility significantly limits its use. In this study, MGF was embedded into the inner aqueous phase of W₁/O/W₂ emulsions. Firstly, the dissolution method of MGF was determined. MGF remained stable in solution with pH 13 at 30 min, and its solubility reached 10 mg mL⁻¹. When the pH of MGF solutions was adjusted from pH 13 to pH 6, MGF did not immediately crystallise, providing sufficient time to construct the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions. Subsequently, the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions were constructed using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and calcium caseinate (CAS). The formation and stability of the W₁/O/W₂ emulsions were investigated. The MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised with 1% PGPR and 1% – 3% CAS exhibited a low viscosity, limited loading capacity, and poor stability. Conversely, the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised by 3%PGPR–3%CAS exhibited optimal loading capacity (encapsulation efficiency = 95.31% and loading efficiency = 0.91%) and stability, which was attributed to the fact that high viscosity and gel state retarded the migration of inner aqueous phase. These results indicated that the W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised by PGPR and CAS may be a potential alternative for encapsulating mangiferin.     

痛情绪相关神经递质及神经环路研究进展＊

痛情绪是指因疼痛引发的情绪和情感体验，是疾病过程中最常见的一种情绪。痛情绪相关神经机制非常复杂，但主要与单胺类神经递质、神经肽和某些神经环路有关，笔者将结合目前研究现状分别从以上两方面展开，就痛情绪相关单胺类神经递质和神经肽在受体分类、脑区通路、共疾病以及各神经递质之间的联系和痛情绪相关神经环路中各个蛋白的作用机制等方面进行探讨。