同时分离纯化枇杷叶中熊果酸和科罗索酸工艺研究

目的采用大孔吸附树脂吸附法同时分离纯化枇杷叶中的熊果酸和科罗索酸,并确定分离纯化工艺。方法采用乙醇浸提法将枇杷叶中的熊果酸和科罗索酸进行提取分离纯化,对15种大孔吸附树脂进行筛选,利用大孔吸附树脂柱层析同时分离纯化枇杷叶中的熊果酸和科罗索酸。结果经过对15种大孔吸附树脂的筛选,HPD722的吸附量最好,因此选择HPD722大孔吸附树脂进行柱分离,并确立了最佳的分离纯化工艺。结论HPD722大孔吸附树脂能够使熊果酸和科罗索酸达到较好的分离纯化,工艺可行。     

活体大蒜及离体蒜苗对连作当归胁迫的影响

目的:通过活体大蒜(garlic)及离体蒜苗(garlic sprout)挥发物对当归(Angelica sinensis)的化感效应,探索大蒜挥发性物质对连作当归存在的化感效应,为当归大蒜间作模式缓解连作当归胁迫提供一定的理论依据。方法:试验通过对当归各生长指标及叶片保护酶系统的测定分析,讨论当归在活体大蒜及离体蒜苗挥发物的影响作用下对连作胁迫、无连作胁迫环境的适应性及抗性生长发育机制。结果:整体分析,连作胁迫条件下离体蒜苗对当归幼苗化感效应处理(DC2)下的当归生长指标、叶片保护酶活性较当归单作(CK1)整体提高17. 51%,48. 34%;连作茬口种植活体蒜苗与当归间作处理(LC2)下的当归生长指标、叶片保护酶活性较当归单作(CK2)整体提高16. 63%,36. 65%;即离体蒜苗挥发物较活体大蒜缓解当归连作胁迫作用更显著。结论:无论有无连作障碍胁迫,适当浓度的活体大蒜及离体蒜苗挥发物对当归生长指标及叶片保护酶活性均表现为明显的化感促进作用,其化感促进作用在有连作胁迫条件下表现更显著,因而间作大蒜对当归连作障碍胁迫有一定的缓解作用。     

医用退热贴冷敷治疗产后生理性乳房胀痛的效果观察

目的 比较医用退热贴冷敷及卷心菜叶外敷2种方法对缓解产后生理性乳房胀痛的疗效。方法 选取2018年3-12月在产科住院的产后生理性乳房胀痛的患者100例为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,各50例。对照组采用卷心菜叶外敷,观察组采用医用退热贴冷敷。结果 观察组产后生理性胀痛乳房评分低于对照组(Z=-2.568,P=0.010),乳房硬度优于对照组(Z=-4.361,P<0.001),使用维持时间长于对照组(t=19.804,P＜0.001)。结论 医用退热贴冷敷用于产后生理性乳房胀痛效果理想,操作方法简单易行,实施方便,易被产妇接受,值得临床推广应用。     

PA型紫苏的种植密度研究

常用中药紫苏叶和紫苏叶油的基原植物应为PA型紫苏。课题组对全国紫苏资源全面调查后发现,PA型紫苏资源十分紧缺。而PA型栽培紫苏都属株型矮小、叶片轻薄的回回苏变种,单株叶片产量较低。该研究以2份药用PA型紫苏为材料,在5个种植密度(D1,2 500株/亩;D2,5 500株/亩;D3,8 500株/亩;D4,11 500株/亩;D5,14 500株/亩,1亩≈667 m^2)下种植。选取叶型、株型、产量、挥发油含量和挥发油成分构成等17个性状记录和研究。结果表明,随密度增加,叶型、株型变窄、变小,落叶增加,单株叶产量降低,而叶亩产量增加,且达到D4后基本稳定。叶挥发油提取率在种植密度D2~D5较D1高约0.1%,各个密度下紫苏醛相对含量无显著差异。各个密度下紫苏醛相对含量无显著差异。2份PA种质的耐密植特性有较大差异,与其株型的特征有关,尤其收敛型株型更能适应密植环境。为达到高叶亩产量,推荐以D4(株行距15 cm×40 cm)密度下种植;而综合叶产量、叶型、株型,推荐以D2(株行距30 cm×40 cm)密度下种植。落叶节数、二级分枝数,株型可作为PA型紫苏种质耐密性评价的特征,收敛株型可作为紫苏种质高产育种的评价指标。该研究为PA型紫苏适宜种植的密度提供参考,并为进一步研究不同紫苏的耐密植特性奠定基础。     

指压天枢穴加腹部按摩联合番泻叶在静脉肾盂造影患者中的应用效果

目的探讨指压天枢穴加腹部按摩联合番泻叶在静脉肾盂造影患者中的应用效果。方法选取我院2018年12月至2019年8月期间行静脉肾盂造影的120例患者,随机分为两组各60例。对照组给予番泻叶,观察组给予天枢穴指压加腹部按摩联合番泻叶,比较两组的肠道清洁力度和不良反应情况。结果治疗后,观察组的肠道清洁力度明显高于对照组(P <0.05);观察组的不良反应发生率为6.67%,明显低于对照组的23.33%(P <0.05)。结论静脉肾盂造影患者采用指压天枢穴加腹部按摩联合番泻叶的效果较好,可提高肠道清洁力度,降低不良反应发生率。     

Identification and characterization of a fatty acyl reductase from a Spodoptera littoralis female gland involved in pheromone biosynthesis

Fatty acyl‐CoA reductases (FARs), the enzymes that catalyse reduction of a fatty acyl‐CoA to the corresponding alcohol in insect pheromone biosynthesis, are postulated to play an important role in determining the proportion of each component in the pheromone blend. For the first time, we have isolated and characterized from the Egyptian cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) a FAR cDNA (Slit‐FAR1), which appeared to be expressed only in the pheromone gland and was undetectable in other female tissues, such as fat body, ovaries, wings, legs or thorax. The encoded protein has been successfully expressed in a recombinant system, and the recombinant enzyme is able to produce the intermediate fatty acid alcohols of the pheromone biosynthesis of S. littoralis from the corresponding acyl‐CoA precursors. The kinetic variables Km and Vmax, which have been calculated for each acyl‐CoA pheromone precursor, suggest that in S. littoralis pheromone biosynthesis other biosynthetic enzymes (e.g. desaturases, acetyl transferase) should also contribute to the final ratio of components of the pheromone blend. In a phylogenetic analysis, Slit‐FAR1 appeared grouped in a cluster of other FARs involved in the pheromone biosynthesis of other insects, with little or non‐specificity for the natural pheromone precursors.     

Combined therapy of hypertensive nephropathy with ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection and antihypertensive drugs: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:In recent years, the incidence rate of hypertensive nephropathy has been increasing quickly, which has been a major threat to people''s health. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers have certain curative effects. However, there are some patients having serious adverse reactions, and the benefit population is limited, so the treatment of hypertensive renal damage is necessary to have beneficial supplement. More and more clinical studies have shown that ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection (GDI) combined with antihypertensive drugs has achieved good results in the treatment of hypertensive renal damage. It is supposed to be a supplementary treatment in hypertensive nephropathy.Objectives:To systematically assess the efficacy and safety of GDI combined with antihypertensive drugs on hypertensive renal injury.Methods:Seven databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang database, China biomedical literature service system (Sino Med), VIP Chinese Sci-tech journal database (VIP), and China national knowledge internet (CNKI) were retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the experimental group containing combined therapy of hypertensive nephropathy with GDI and antihypertensive drugs. The retrieval time was from the establishment of database to July 8, 2020. Two researchers independently selected literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the study. The methodological quality was evaluated with Cochrane handbook and meta-analysis was performed with Stata 14.0 software.Results:Eight studies were included in this study which involved 556 patients. The meta-analyses indicated that, compared with using antihypertensive drugs alone, combined treatment of GDI with antihypertensive drugs can decrease 24-hour urinary total protein (weighted mean difference [WMD] –0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.82, –0.39; k = 6, P ≤ .001), blood urea nitrogen (WMD –1.27, 95% CI: –2.45, –0.10; k = 6, P = .033, serum creatinine (WMD –29.50, 95% CI: –56.44, –2.56; number of estimates [k] = 6, P = .032).Conclusions:Our meta-analyses showed that GDI combined with antihypertensive drugs can improve the renal function of hypertensive patients with renal injury.     

环境条件对蕲艾叶品质影响的研究＊

目的 研究环境条件对蕲艾叶有效物质含量以及出绒率的影响。方法 采用国家行业标准分别测定土壤水分、pH值及有机质的含量；采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定蕲艾叶总黄酮含量；参照中国药典（2015年版）方法测定蕲艾叶挥发油和鞣质含量；采用HPLC法比较样品70%甲醇提取液的峰谱特征；采用自拟的经过方法学验证的方法检测蕲艾叶出绒率。结果 蕲艾叶品质与土壤水分、pH、日照长短及施化肥与否有关。施用化肥（含N、P、K）后所产蕲艾叶的挥发油平均含量比未施化肥的高17.6%，而总黄酮和鞣质的平均含量分别降低28.5%、30.5%，且施用化肥者5种有机酸的总含量显著降低；日照时数较短的蕲艾叶的挥发油的平均含量比日照时数长的高12.6%，但总黄酮和鞣质的平均含量分别降低23.5%、19.1%，5种有机酸的含量也显著降低，且出绒率整体较低；土壤水分较少的蕲艾叶的挥发油的平均含量比土壤水分充足的高5.5%，但总黄酮和鞣质的平均含量分别降低21.4%、34.6%，5种有机酸的含量也显著降低。蕲艾叶总黄酮和鞣质的含量在土壤酸性范围内随pH的升高而升高。结论 蕲艾的栽培应选择日照充分、土壤偏酸性且水分较充足的环境，避免施用化学肥料。     

Bioconcentration and depuration of cadmium in the selected tissues of rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) and the effect of dietary mulberry leaf supplementation on depuration

A 56-day trial was conducted to elucidate the bioconcentration and depuration of Cd in the liver and muscle of rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) and determine the effect of dietary mulberry leaf supplementation on depuration. Juvenile rare minnow were exposed to environmentally relevant doses of Cd (1 and 10 μg/L) for 28 days of uptake and then allowed 28 days of depuration. The bioaccumulation factors of the treated rare minnow in the liver and muscle were calculated to be between 4.13–4.675 and 1.76–1.94, respectively. This results suggested that Cd had high potential for bioconcentration in rare minnow. To investigate the effect of dietary mulberry leaf supplementation on depuration, the remaining fish of each group were allowed to depurate with different ratios (0%, 10%, and 30% dry weight) of dietary mulberry leaf supplementation for an additional 28 days. Fish weights did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between the control and mulberry leaf treated groups. Mulberry leaf powder did not significantly affect Cd depuration in the 10 μg/L group or in the muscle of the 1 μg/L group, but caused a significant decrease in Cd content in the liver of the 1 μg/L group (p < 0.05). This work was the first to model the bioconcentration of Cd in rare minnow and showed that mulberry leaf supplementation decreased Cd residues in the liver of the 1μg/L group. Such a finding may promote the development of new approaches to mitigate the potential hazards of heavy metals to human health.     

九里香叶对去卵巢大鼠拟雌激素样作用的实验研究

目的探讨九里香叶对去卵巢大鼠的拟雌激素样作用。方法以2%戊巴比妥钠麻醉大鼠,切除大鼠双侧卵巢,对照大鼠切除卵巢旁同样大小的脂肪团。术后7天分组、给药。分为模型组:生理盐水(0.4 mg/kg/d);对照组:生理盐水(0.4 mg/kg/d);戊酸雌二醇组:0.4 m g/kg/d;九里香高剂量组:200 mg/kg/d;九里香中剂量组:100 mg/kg/d;九里香低剂量组:50 mg/kg/d。连续给药90天后,处死大鼠,测定子宫系数。放射免疫法测定血清雌二醇水平。结果给药第30天、60天、90天,与对照组比较,模型组大鼠体质量增幅较大,差异显著;与模型组比较,戊酸雌二醇组、九里香叶高剂量组大鼠体质量增幅较小,差异显著(P0.05)。与模型组比较,戊酸雌二醇组、九里香叶高剂量组大鼠子宫质量和子宫系数明显增加,差异显著(P0.05)。与模型组比较,戊酸雌二醇组、九里香叶高、中、低剂量组大鼠雌二醇明显增加,差异不显著(P0.05)。结论九里香叶具有一定的雌激素样作用。