环境条件对蕲艾叶品质影响的研究＊

目的 研究环境条件对蕲艾叶有效物质含量以及出绒率的影响。方法 采用国家行业标准分别测定土壤水分、pH值及有机质的含量;采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定蕲艾叶总黄酮含量;参照中国药典（2015年版）方法测定蕲艾叶挥发油和鞣质含量;采用HPLC法比较样品70%甲醇提取液的峰谱特征;采用自拟的经过方法学验证的方法检测蕲艾叶出绒率。结果 蕲艾叶品质与土壤水分、pH、日照长短及施化肥与否有关。施用化肥（含N、P、K）后所产蕲艾叶的挥发油平均含量比未施化肥的高17.6%,而总黄酮和鞣质的平均含量分别降低28.5%、30.5%,且施用化肥者5种有机酸的总含量显著降低;日照时数较短的蕲艾叶的挥发油的平均含量比日照时数长的高12.6%,但总黄酮和鞣质的平均含量分别降低23.5%、19.1%,5种有机酸的含量也显著降低,且出绒率整体较低;土壤水分较少的蕲艾叶的挥发油的平均含量比土壤水分充足的高5.5%,但总黄酮和鞣质的平均含量分别降低21.4%、34.6%,5种有机酸的含量也显著降低。蕲艾叶总黄酮和鞣质的含量在土壤酸性范围内随pH的升高而升高。结论 蕲艾的栽培应选择日照充分、土壤偏酸性且水分较充足的环境,避免施用化学肥料。

Study on Effects of the Environmental Conditions on the Quality of Artemisia Argyi Leaf in Qichun

Objective To study the effect of environmental conditions on the effective substance contents and moxa yield of Artemisia argyi leaf in Qichun (AALQ).Methods Soil moisture, pH and organic matter content were determined by the national profession standards. The content of the total flavonoids in AALQ was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The contents of the volatile oil and tannins were determined by the methods in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition). The chromatogram characteristics of 70% methanol extract of the samples were compared by the HPLC method. The moxa yields of the samples were determined by self-designed method by a methodological validation. Results The quality of AALQ was correlated with the soil moisture and pH, the sunshine duration and the fertilizer application. The average content of the volatile oil in AALQ used chemical fertilizer (including N, P and K) was 17.6% higher than that without chemical fertilizer, while the average contents of the total flavonoids and tannins were 28.5% and 30.5% lower respectively. Compared with those no chemical fertilizer, the content of 5 organic acids in AALQ samples used chemical fertilizer significantly decreased. The average content of the volatile oil in AALQ with shorter sunshine hours was 12.6% higher than that of the samples with longer sunshine hours, but the average contents of the total flavonoids and tannins were 23.5% and 19.1% lower respectively, and the contents of the 5 organic acids were also significantly reduced. The overall moxa yield of AALQ with hours was lower as well. The average content of the volatile oil in AALQ with insufficient soil moisture was 5.5% higher than that of the samples with adequate soil moisture, but the average contents of the total flavonoids and tannins were 21.4% and 34.6% lower respectively, and the contents of the 5 organic acids were also significantly reduced. The contents of the total flavonoids and tannins in AALQ was increased with increase of the pH value of the acidic soil.Conclusion It is suggested that the cultivation of AALQ should be carried out in an environment with sufficient sunshine, adequate soil moisture, weaker acidic soil and chemical fertilizers should be avoided.