维药无花果叶对抗大鼠泼尼松性骨质疏松的作用研究

目的：研究维药无花果叶醇提物对泼尼松致大鼠骨质疏松的对抗作用。方法：将50只大鼠随机分成正常对照组、泼尼松模型组和维药无花果叶醇提物高、中、低（10mg/kg、20mg/kg、30mg/kg）剂量组，每组10只。分别灌胃相应药物，每日1次，连续8周后取血清检测生化指标，对骨进行组织切片检查，长度、宽度以及骨质的测量。结果：泼尼松模型组大鼠股骨重量、尺骨羟脯氨酸和骨钙含量比正常对照组明显降低，胫骨骨髓腔中脂肪组织增多（P〈0．01），血浆胆固醇（TG）含量上升、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和高密度脂蛋白（吼）含量下降（P〈0．01）。维药无花果叶醇提组能有效提高骨的重量和骨质的含量（P〈0．01），减少骨髓腔中脂肪的含量，升高碱性磷酸酶和高密度脂蛋白含量（P〈0．01）。结论：泼尼松可抑制大鼠的，肾生长及引起骨丢失，而维药无花果叶醇提物可有良好的对抗作用。     

五指毛桃组织培养研究

以五指毛桃茎节为外植体,1/2MS培养基加不同植物生长调节剂的组培实验结果表明:不定芽最适诱导培养基为1/2MS BA1.0 mg/L NAA1.0mg/L和1/2MS BA1.5 mg/L NAA0.5 mg/L,增殖培养基为1/2MS 6-BA0.5 mg/L,生根培养基为1/2MS IBA 1mg/L.本文还对组织培养过程中,导致褐变产生的因素及防止褐变的方法进行了探讨.     

Antihyperglycemic Activities of Leaves of Three Edible Fruit Plants (Averrhoa Carambola,Ficus Hispida and Syzygium Samarangense) of Bangladesh

Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae), Ficus hispida L.f. (Moraceae), and Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry (Myrtaceae) are three common plants in Bangladesh, the fruits of which are edible. The leaves and fruits of A. carambola and F. hispida are used by folk medicinal practitioners for treatment of diabetes, while the leaves of S. samarangense are used for treatment of cold, itches, and waist pain. Since scientific studies are absent on the antihyperglycemic effects of the leaves of the three plants, it was the objective of the present study to evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential of methanolic extract of leaves of the plants in oral glucose tolerance tests carried out with glucose-loaded mice. The extracts at different doses were administered one hour prior to glucose administration and blood glucose level was measured after two hours of glucose administration (p.o.) using glucose oxidase method. Significant oral hypoglycemic activity was found with the extracts of leaves of all three plants tested. The fall in serum glucose levels were dose-dependent for every individual plant, being highest at the highest dose tested of 400 mg extract per kg body weight. At this dose, the extracts of A. carambola, F. hispida, and S. samarangense caused, respectively, 34.1, 22.7, and 59.3% reductions in serum glucose levels when compared to control animals. The standard antihyperglycemic drug, glibenclamide, caused a 57.3% reduction in serum glucose levels versus control. Among the three plants evaluated, the methanolic extract of leaves of S. samarangense proved to be the most potent in demonstrating antihyperglycemic effects. The result validates the folk medicinal uses of A. carambola and F. hispida in the treatment of diabetes, and indicates that the leaves of S. samarangense can also possibly be used for amelioration of diabetes-induced hyperglycemia.     

Wind-borne insects mediate directional pollen transfer between desert fig trees 160 kilometers apart

The question of how far pollen can move between plants has implications for topics as diverse as habitat fragmentation, conservation management, and the containment of genetically modified crops. The monoecious African fig tree Ficus sycomorus L. relies on the small, short-lived, night-flying, host-specific fig wasp Ceratosolen arabicus Mayr for pollination. We used microsatellite markers to characterize a geographically isolated riparian population of F. sycomorus growing along the Ugab River in the Namib Desert, Namibia, together with paternity analysis of seedlings from known mothers, to map pollen movement within this population. In this way we tracked insect movements between individually recognizable trees by means of their pollen cargo and documented the movement of C. arabicus between known trees separated by more than 160 km, with a mean distance for confirmed successful pollination events of 88.6 km. The predominant observed movement of pollinators was in a westerly direction, toward the sea, reflecting seasonal nighttime wind direction and the wind-borne dispersal of fig wasps. Our results suggest the existence of an extensive panmictic population of trees that are well suited to overcome the effects of geographical isolation.     

Evaluation of the Flexural Strength,Water Sorption,and Solubility of a Glass Ionomer Dental Cement Modified Using Phytomedicine

Objectives: Various medicinal plant parts and extracts have been proven to be sources of biologically active compounds, many of which have been incorporated in the production of new pharmaceutical compounds. Thus, the aim of this study was to increase the antimicrobial properties of a glass ionomer cement (GIC) through its modification with a mixture of plant extracts, which were evaluated along with a 0.5% chlorohexidine-modified GIC (CHX-GIC) with regard to the water sorption, solubility, and flexural strength. Methods: Salvadora persica, Olea europaea, and Ficus carcia leaves were prepared for extraction with ethyll alcohol using a Soxhlet extractor for 12 h. The plant extract mixture (PE) was added in three different concentrations to the water used for preparation of a conventional freeze-dried GIC (groups 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2). Specimens were then mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and tested against the unmodified GIC (control) and a GIC modified with 0.5% chlorhexidine. Water sorption and solubility were evaluated after 7 days of immersion in distilled water. Flexural strength was evaluated in a three-point bending test after 24 h using a universal material testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparison between the groups. Tukey’s post hoc test was used for pairwise comparison when the ANOVA test was significant. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the control (M = 20.5%), CHX-GIC (M = 19.6%), 1:1 (M = 20.0%), 1:2 (M = 19.5%), and 2:1 (19.7%) groups with regard to the percentage of water sorption, while for water solubility the 2:1 (M = −0.39%) plant-modified group was significantly different from all of the other groups. Flexural strength test results showed that the 2:1 group (M = 26.1 MPa) recorded significantly higher mean values compared to all other tested groups. Conclusion and clinical relevance: The plant extracts did not negatively affect the water sorption and solubility of the GIC, while the flexural strength was improved by the addition of the plant extract at higher concentrations.     

无花果果实中化学成分研究

目的研究桑科榕属植物无花果Ficus carica果实的化学成分。方法综合运用硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱以及制备型高效液相色谱等技术进行系统分离,根据化合物的理化性质及波谱数据鉴定化合物的化学结构。结果从无花果果实的90%乙醇提取物中分离得到了16个化合物,分别鉴定为怀特酮(1)、甘草宁G(2)、4′-羟基-5,7-二甲氧基-6-(3-甲基-丁烯基)-异黄酮(3)、猫尾草异黄酮(4)、indicanine C(5)、木豆素(6)、美迪紫檀素(7)、高丽槐素(8)、4-羟基-3-甲氧基-8,9-亚甲二氧基紫檀烷(9)、3-羟基-9,10-二甲氧基紫檀烷(10)、松脂素(11)、杜仲树脂酚(12)、丁香树脂醇(13)、8-羟基松脂醇(14)、3-羟基-1-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯)-1-丙酮(15)和4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙醇(16)。结论所有化合物均为首次从无花果中分离得到。     

无花果果实中新喹啉和新酸酐化合物

目的研究无花果Ficus carica果实的化学成分。方法应用天然产物化学分离、纯化技术对无花果果实的化学成分进行分离纯化,通过波谱分析技术(MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR)、元素分析等方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果从无花果果实的醋酸乙酯部位中共分离得到1个新喹啉和2个新酸酐化合物,分别鉴定为4-羟基-6-甲酰氧基-8α-甲氧基-喹啉-2-酮(1)、5′β,6′α-(双二乙基)-5β,6β-环氧己烷基-环戊酐基-[2,2,1]-2α,3β-环庚烷(2)和5′β,6′β-[双-(11-甲基丁基,11′-甲基丁基)-9,9′]环-8,8′-己二烯基-5α,6α-环氧己烷基-环戊酐基-[2,2,2,1]-2β,3α-环庚烷(3)。结论 3个新化合物分别命名为无花果果素K-1、无花果果素G-1和无花果果素G-2。     

Luxatio erecta: an uncommon shoulder dislocation

A 24-year-old man sustained a rare form of anterior dislocation of the shoulder known as luxatio erecta. As in this case, the presentation of these patients is nearly pathognomonic. Successful reduction was accomplished, and the patient suffered no sequelae.     

Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Flavonoids and Triterpenes Isolated from the Extracts of Ficus Sansibarica Warb. Subsp. Sansibarica (Moraceae) Extracts

Background

Ficus species are used in African traditional medicine in the treatment of a wide variety of ailments and diseases such as convulsive disorder, wound healing, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, diabetes, diarrhoeal infections, dysentery, malaria and HIV. The aim of this study was to isolate the phytochemical constituents in the plant and test them for their antibacterial activity.

Materials and methods

The fruits, leaves and stem bark were extracted with organic solvents and the compounds in the extracts separated and purified by column chromatography before being identified by NMR spectroscopy and by comparison of the NMR data against values reported in the literature. The antibacterial activity of the pure compounds and extracts were tested using the disk diffusion method.

Results

Three triterpenes and three flavonoids: lupeol acetate (1); cycloart-23-ene-3,25-diol (2); β-sitosterol (3); 5,7,4′-trihydroxyflavan-3-ol (4); epicatechin (5); and isovitexin (6) were isolated in this study. Antimicrobial activity was observed at 8 mg mL⁻¹ for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 with four of the six isolated compounds, with no activity being observed at 1 – 4 mg mL⁻¹ against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, E. coli ATCC 35218 and S. aureus ATCC 43300. Epicatechin (5) was found to decrease adhesion of E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 29213. Decreased adhesion of S. aureus ATCC 29213 was also observed with 5,7,4′-trihydroxyflavan-3-ol (4) and isovitexin (6).

Conclusions

The results of this study provide baseline information on F. sansibarica''s potential validity in the treatment of infections associated with Gram-positive microorganisms.     

云南习用药材地板藤的质量标准研究

系统研究了云南习用药材地板藤的质量标准,明确其基源植物为桑科植物地石榴Ficus tikouaBur.,并对药材名称、生药性状、显微及理化鉴别、检查、浸出物等质量标准项目进行了全面的对比研究和归纳,研究结果已经为云南省中药材标准采用。