Effect of pneumatic leg compression on post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: a double-blind randomised controlled trial

Post-induction hypotension is common and associated with postoperative complications. We hypothesised that pneumatic leg compression reduces post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. In this double-blind randomised study, patients were allocated randomly to the pneumatic leg compression group (n = 50) or control (n = 50). In the intervention group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated before induction of anaesthesia. In the control group, pneumatic leg compression was initiated 20 min after anaesthesia induction. The primary outcome was the incidence of post-induction hypotension in these groups. Post-induction hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg during the first 20 min after induction. Haemodynamic variables and area under the curve of post-induction systolic blood pressure over time were assessed. Complications associated with pneumatic leg compression were recorded, including: peripheral neuropathy; compartment syndrome; extensive bullae beneath the leg sleeves; and pulmonary thromboembolism. The incidence of post-induction hypotension decreased in the pneumatic leg compression group compared with that in the control group; 5 (10%) vs. 29 (58%), respectively, p < 0.001. In the pneumatic leg compression group, the lowest systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures 20 min after induction of anaesthesia were significantly greater than the control group. Pneumatic leg compression resulted in an increased area under the curve of systolic blood pressure in the first 20 min after induction, p = 0.001. There were no pneumatic leg compression-related complications. Pneumatic leg compression reduced post-induction hypotension in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, suggesting that it is an effective and safe intervention to prevent post-induction hypotension among elderly patients undergoing general anaesthesia.     

西药联合穴位贴敷中西医结合治疗复治肺结核疗效观察

目的评价西药联合穴位贴敷中西医结合治疗复治肺结核的临床疗效。方法选择本院2017年1月～2018年1月收治的60例复治肺结核患者进行分组研究,全部患者根据治疗方法不同随机分为两组,每组各30例。两组均采取西药进行治疗,采用2HRZE/6HRZ标准化疗方案,实验组同时联合穴位贴敷中西医结合进行治疗,治疗后对比分析两组病灶吸收情况及两组临床症状改善情况。结果实验组病灶恶化9例,其病灶显著吸收率达50.0%,总有效率达70.0%,对照组病灶恶化6例,不变5例,其病灶显著吸收率达33.3%,总有效率达63.3%,两组病灶吸收总有效率组间比较,差异具有显著性(P0.05);实验组的疗效指数治疗6个月后显著高于对照组,组间比较,差异具有显著性(P0.05)。结论西药联合穴位贴敷中西医结合治疗复治肺结核疗效确切,可以显著促进病灶吸收,改善临床症状,安全性好,且还可以扶助人体正气,提高机体免疫力,调节全身状态,以达到治疗目的,是治疗复治肺结核的有效方法之一,值得临床广泛推广和应用。     

不同强度经皮穴位电刺激对胸腔镜手术患者术后免疫功能的影响

目的观察不同强度经皮穴位电刺激(TEAS)对胸腔镜手术患者术后免疫功能的影响。方法将68例行胸腔镜手术治疗的患者按住院先后顺序采取随机数字表法分为低强度TEAS组、中强度TEAS组、高强度TEAS组和电针组,每组17例。4组术后在镇痛泵治疗的基础上,给予不同强度的TEAS或电针治疗。观察4组患者治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群、自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)和血清免疫球蛋白水平。结果4组术后CD3﹢和CD4﹢T淋巴细胞、NK细胞、血清IgM、血清IgG的水平均较术前降低(P<0.05);术后48 h低强度TEAS组和高强度TEAS组的CD3﹢和CD4﹢T淋巴细胞、NK细胞、血清IgM的水平均低于电针组(P<0.05);中强度TEAS组和电针组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。4组术后CD8﹢T淋巴细胞、CD4﹢/CD8﹢以及血清IgG水平组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论中强度TEAS能够有效改善胸腔镜手术后患者的免疫功能。     

“Evaluation of a Very Low-Cost and Simple Teleradiology Technique”

This paper describes and analyzes a proposed solution of fundamental limitative factor of teleradiology to overcome the teleradiology usages problems in underdeveloped and developing countries. The goal is to achieve a very simple and cost-efficient way to take advantage of teleradiology in anywhere even in remote and rural areas. To meet the goal of this study, the following methodology which is consists of two main procedures was done: (1) Using a digital camera in order to provide a digital image from radiographs. (2) Using an image compression tool in order to compress digital images. The results showed that there is no significant difference between digital images (non-compress and compress images) and radiographic films. Also, there was a logic relationship between the diagnostic quality and diagnostic accuracy. Since the maximum percent of diagnostic accuracy can be seen among “Good” quality images and the minimum to was related “Poor”. The results of our study indicate that a digital camera could be utilized to capture digital images from radiographic films of chest x-ray. To reduce the size of digital images, a lossy compression technique could be applied at compression percent of 50 or less without any significant differences. The compressed images can be sent easily by email to other places for consultation and also they can be stored with a smaller size.     

Effect of lower leg compression during cesarean section on post-spinal hypotension and neonatal hemodynamic parameters: nonrandomized controlled clinical trial

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the effect of lower leg compression during cesarean section (CS) on post-spinal hypotension (PSH) and neonatal hemodynamic parameters.MethodsThis study is a nonrandomized controlled clinical trial conducted in the cesarean delivery unit of the National Medical institute, Damanhour, Egypt. The sample included 120 parturients (60 intervention and 60 control). The researchers developed three tools for data collection: sociodemographic data and reproductive history interview schedule, electronic monitoring of maternal hemodynamic parameters, and neonatal hemodynamic assessment sheet. All parturients received ordinary pre-operative care. For the intervention group, a long elastic stocking (ordinary pressure 20–30 mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) was applied on both legs during cesarean section. The control group received the same care without the elastic stocking.ResultsSystolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure were significantly higher in the intervention group throughout the entire operation period except in the last 5–15 min. Heart rate was significantly lower in the intervention group. Only 13.3% of the intervention group took ephedrine compared with 45% of the control group. Apgar score was higher among neonates of intervention group compared with the control group at 1 min. Neonatal acidosis was significantly higher in the control group than in the contral group.ConclusionLower leg compression technique can effectively reduce PSH and neonatal acidosis.     

不同剂量骨水泥PKP联合雌激素对绝经后女性骨质疏松性腰椎体压缩性骨折患者的影响

目的探讨不同剂量骨水泥PKP联合雌激素对绝经后女性骨质疏松性腰椎体压缩性骨折患者的影响。方法选取2015年1月至2018年6月我院收治的120例老年女性骨质疏松性腰椎体压缩性骨折患者为研究对象,按行PKP手术治疗时骨水泥注入的剂量不同分为三组(A组2-4 mL、B组4-5 mL、C组5-6 mL),所有患者均随访1年,比较术后三组患者VAS评分、ODI评分、伤椎椎体前缘高度、椎体中部高度及并发症的发生率。结果三组患者相比,治疗前VAS评分、ODI评分组间比较差异无显著性(P0.05);术后3天及1年后随访时,三组患者各项指标均较治疗前显著改善,组内比较差异具有显著性(P0.05),组间比较差异无显著性(P0.05);治疗前伤椎椎体前缘高度及椎体中部高度组间比较差异无显著性(P0.05);术后3天及1年后随访时,三组患者治疗后椎体前缘、中间高度均较术前明显增加(P0.05),组间比较椎体前缘高度:C组B组A组,椎体中间高度:C组B组A组,且组间比较有统计学差异(P0.05); A组患者并发症的发生率(12.5%)明显低于B组(30.0%)、C组(41.0%),有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 PKP术中注入小剂量骨水泥(2-4 mL)对于治疗老年女性OVCFs具有良好的治疗效果及较高的安全性。     

Factors Affecting Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis after Pharmacomechanical Thrombolysis and Left Iliac Vein Stent Placement in Patients with Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome

PurposeThis study evaluated the factors affecting contralateral and ipsilateral recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after iliac vein stent placement in patients with iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS).Materials and MethodsData from 130 patients (95 female patients) who underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis and stent placement for IVCS with left lower leg thrombosis at a single institution were retrospectively analyzed. Mean patient age was 69.0 ± 14.0 years old. Median follow-up was 14 months (range, 3–164 months). Anticoagulation therapy was prescribed for 6 months, followed by lifelong antiplatelet therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors affecting the development of contralateral and ipsilateral recurrent DVT.ResultsSeven patients (5.4%) developed contralateral DVT (median, 26 months; range, 2–61 months), and 11 patients (8.5%) developed ipsilateral DVT (median, 1 month; range, 0–53 months). Stent location (odds ratio [OR], 11.564; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.159–115.417) and in-stent thrombosis during follow-up (OR, 15.142; 95% CI, 1.406–163.119) were predictors of recurrent contralateral DVT. Thrombophilia (OR, 47.560; 95% CI, 2.369–954.711), remaining inferior vena cava filter (OR, 30.552; 95% CI, 3.495–267.122), and in-stent thrombosis during follow-up (OR, 82.057; 95% CI, 2.915–2309.848) were predictors of ipsilateral DVT.ConclusionsContralateral DVT occurs late and is associated with extension of the iliac vein stent to the inferior vena cava and in-stent thrombosis. Ipsilateral DVT occurs relatively early and is associated with thrombophilia, remaining inferior vena cava filter, and in-stent thrombosis.     

三伏贴联合伏针闪罐治疗支气管哮喘的临床观察

目的采用三伏贴联合伏针闪罐治疗支气管哮喘,观察该治疗方法对支气管哮喘患者的临床疗效。方法选择秦皇岛市中医医院针灸科2016年9月至2019年9月三伏期间收治的符合诊断及纳入标准的120例支气管哮喘患者,按照随机数字表法随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组60例,治疗组采用三伏贴联合伏针闪罐疗法,对照组单用三伏贴疗法。三伏期间初伏、中伏和末伏各贴敷1次,共贴敷9次,3年为1个疗程。1个疗程后,采用χ^2检验比较2组总有效率。结果治疗组治愈27例,好转31例,无效2例,治愈率45. 0%(27/60),总有效率96. 6%(58/60);对照组治愈14例,好转37例,无效9例,治愈率23. 3%(14/60),总有效率85. 5%(51/60)。治疗组治愈率和总有效率均高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(χ^2=6. 261、4. 904,P均<0. 05)。结论三伏贴联合伏针闪罐治疗支气管哮喘疗效优于单纯三伏贴治疗,充分发挥中医特色优势,值得在临床上推广应用。     

补肾壮骨汤对骨质疏松型胸腰椎压缩骨折患者椎体成形术治疗效果影响的Meta分析

[目的]采用Meta分析法系统评价补肾壮骨汤对椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松型胸腰椎压缩骨折(OTCF)临床的影响。[方法]以"补肾壮骨汤"为首输关键词,以"椎体成形术""骨质疏松""胸腰椎压缩骨折"等为次输关键词,全面搜索补肾壮骨汤对OTCF患者椎体成形术治疗效果影响的随机对照研究文献,评价纳入研究文献的一般特征,对文献资料所提取的治疗有效率、骨密度、Oswestry功能障碍(ODI)指数、治疗安全性(新发骨折率)等观察指标进行Meta分析处理与分析。[结果]共13篇文献纳入Meta分析范畴,文献总样本量1 037例。分析显示,与对照组相比,治疗组可明显提高临床有效率[OR=4.63,95%CI[2.92,7.36],P0.000 01]、改善骨密度[MD=0.08,95%CI[0.06,0.1],P0.000 01]、降低ODI指数[MD=-2.34,95%CI[-3.49,-1.19],P0.000 01]、降低新发骨折率[OR=0.08,95%CI[0.11,0.44],P0.000 01]。[结论]与单纯椎体成形术治疗相比,补肾壮骨汤辅助椎体成形术在OTCF患者治疗中,可提升患者术后骨密度、改善胸腰椎功能障碍和降低术后新发骨折率,治疗疗效确切。     

肱骨内上髁骨折致尺神经卡压1例

患者,男,17岁,因右肘肿痛,活动受限30min于2005年6月15日来我院就诊。患者于30min前与同学扳手腕时突感右肘内侧疼痛难忍,逐渐肿胀,活动受限,右手各指无麻木。查体:右肘内侧肿胀明显,压痛,可触及骨擦感,右肘伸屈活动及前臂旋转活动受限,右手各指活动良好,感觉正常。X线片示右肱