红景天苷通过TLR4调控DC提高T细胞对肺癌3LL细胞的杀伤力

目的：探讨红景天苷（salidroside，SAL）对树突状细胞（dendritic cell，DC）表型及细胞毒性T细胞（cytotoxic T lympho‐cyte，CTL）抗肿瘤能力的影响。方法：选用Lewis肺癌细胞株3LL、野生型C57BL/6和TLR4-/-C57BL/6小鼠，获取小鼠骨髓来源的DC前体细胞，经过培养分化成未成熟DC，收获第6天的DC，经磁珠分选后获得纯度较高的CD11c+DC。将细胞分成PBS组、SAL组和脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS）组，培养48 h后用流式细胞术检测SAL体外对DC表面分子、吞噬功能、TLR4通路和对T细胞杀伤能力的影响。结果：与 PBS 组比较，SAL组DC的表面分子CD80、CD86、MHC Ⅱ表达水平显著升高（均 P<0.05）、吞噬功能显著下降（P<0.05）、TLR4 表达水平显著升高（P<0.01）；与野生型组比较，TLR4-/-组DC经SAL或LPS处理后，其表面分子CD80、CD86、MHC Ⅱ的表达水平显著降低（均P<0.05）；与PBS组比较，SAL组刺激活化的CTL对肺癌3LL细胞的杀伤效应显著升高（P<0.05）。结论：SAL可以通过调控TLR4诱导DC成熟，从而提高T细胞的杀伤能力     

西藏大骨节病患者血清Se与几种细胞因子含量的变化

目的:测定大骨节病患者和正常对照血清中硒和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和白介素-1(IL-1β)的水平。从细胞因子角度为研究其发病机制提供实验依据。方法:在西藏拉萨尼木县和墨竹工卡县的大骨节病区随机选取大骨节病患者30例(患者组),病区正常人30例(病区内对照组),在拉萨非大骨节病区选健康志愿者30例(病区外对照组),3组人群年龄和性别没有显著性差异。采取静脉血离心制备血清。采用荧光法测定血清Se,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测血清中细胞因子水平。结果:西藏大骨节病病区患者和正常人血清中Se低于非大骨节病区正常人;患者血清中TNF-α、VEGF和IL-1β的水平高于正常。血清Se与TNF-α、IL-1β水平呈负相关趋势。结论:低硒和血清中细胞因子水平升高在KBD的发病过程中起着某种作用。     

生铁落药学研究概况

在广泛文献检索基础上,文章对生铁落的种属、成分、药理及临床应用等进行了概述,为深入开发利用提供科学资料。     

Pacifiplex: an ancestry-informative SNP panel centred on Australia and the Pacific region

The analysis of human population variation is an area of considerable interest in the forensic, medical genetics and anthropological fields. Several forensic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays provide ancestry-informative genotypes in sensitive tests designed to work with limited DNA samples, including a 34-SNP multiplex differentiating African, European and East Asian ancestries. Although assays capable of differentiating Oceanian ancestry at a global scale have become available, this study describes markers compiled specifically for differentiation of Oceanian populations. A sensitive multiplex assay, termed Pacifiplex, was developed and optimized in a small-scale test applicable to forensic analyses. The Pacifiplex assay comprises 29 ancestry-informative marker SNPs (AIM-SNPs) selected to complement the 34-plex test, that in a combined set distinguish Africans, Europeans, East Asians and Oceanians. Nine Pacific region study populations were genotyped with both SNP assays, then compared to four reference population groups from the HGDP-CEPH human diversity panel. STRUCTURE analyses estimated population cluster membership proportions that aligned with the patterns of variation suggested for each study population’s currently inferred demographic histories. Aboriginal Taiwanese and Philippine samples indicated high East Asian ancestry components, Papua New Guinean and Aboriginal Australians samples were predominantly Oceanian, while other populations displayed cluster patterns explained by the distribution of divergence amongst Melanesians, Polynesians and Micronesians. Genotype data from Pacifiplex and 34-plex tests is particularly well suited to analysis of Australian Aboriginal populations and when combined with Y and mitochondrial DNA variation will provide a powerful set of markers for ancestry inference applied to modern Australian demographic profiles. On a broader geographic scale, Pacifiplex adds highly informative data for inferring the ancestry of individuals from Oceanian populations. The sensitivity of Pacifiplex enabled successful genotyping of population samples from 50-year-old serum samples obtained from several Oceanian regions that would otherwise be unlikely to produce useful population data. This indicates tests primarily developed for forensic ancestry analysis also provide an important contribution to studies of populations where useful samples are in limited supply.     

Collagen VI-related limb-girdle syndrome caused by frequent mutation in COL6A3 gene with conflicting reports of pathogenicity

Recently the scientific community has started to view Bethlem myopathy 1 and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy as two extremes of a collagen VI-related myopathy spectrum rather than two separate entities, as both are caused by mutations in one of the collagen VI genes. Here we report three individuals in two families who are homozygous for a COL6A3 mutation (c.7447A> G; p.Lys2483Glu), and compare their clinical features with seven previously published cases. Individuals carrying homozygous or compound heterozygous c.7447A> G, (p.Lys2483Glu) mutation exhibit mild phenotype without loss of ambulation, similar to the cases described previously as Collagen VI-related limb-girdle syndrome. The phenotype could arise due to an aberrant assembly of Von Willebrand factor A domains. Based on these data, we propose that c.7447A> G, (p.Lys2483Glu) is a common pathogenic mutation.     

剖宫产术后晚期产后出血治疗方法探讨

目的:探讨剖宫产术后晚起产后出血的发生和治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析2006年-2012年我院12例剖宫产术后晚起产后出血的治疗情况,其中有7例常规缩宫,抗炎,1例清宫,3例在缩宫,抗炎后口服戊酸雌二醇和甲羟孕酮。结论:常规的缩宫抗炎治疗大多有效,效果不佳时,激素治疗仍是治疗剖宫产术后晚期产后出血的一种有效的方法。     

利用新技术提高结核病患者治疗依从性的研究进展

提高结核病患者治疗依从性是减少结核病传播、控制结核病流行有效公共卫生措施之一。世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐以医务人员为主的直接面视下治疗（DOT）,但在落实中存在医务人员严重缺乏、交通不便等困难。目前,利用新技术（如智能手机、移动网络、卫星通信等）提供医疗服务和信息,打破了传统医疗行为与模式受时间和空间的限制,被广泛应用于结核患者治疗依从性的管理中。本文综述了国内外相关新技术在结核病患者治疗依从性中应用的干预形式、干预效果、医务人员和患者的使用体会,以期为我国推广相关新技术的使用、改善结核病患者的治疗依从性提供依据。     

黄芩素对胰腺导管腺癌作用机制的研究进展

胰腺癌是一种病死率极高的消化道恶性肿瘤,约90%为胰腺导管腺癌,和其他肿瘤一样,胰腺癌的侵袭转移是肿瘤患者死亡的主要原因。目前,由于临床上早期诊断困难,胰腺癌患者手术治疗的机率相较于其他消化道肿瘤低,化学治疗是继手术治疗后中晚期胰腺癌的主要治疗手段。由于化学治疗的不良反应逐渐增多,有必要寻求疗效好、毒副反应小的治疗方法和药物。中药以其药物来源广泛、临床应用历史悠久、多靶点协同作用等优点正成为抗肿瘤药物研究的热点。黄芩作为许多中药治疗胰腺癌的方剂配伍药材之一受到研究者的关注。黄芩素是主要来源于黄芩的黄酮类化合物,是目前证实的黄芩中具有抗炎、抗肿瘤活性的主要成分之一。文章对黄芩素在胰腺癌以及其他多种消化道肿瘤中抗肿瘤活性的研究现状及相关的作用及机制进行分析归纳,对黄芩、黄芩素的药物开发前景提出展望。     

自噬相关基因在类风湿关节炎滑膜组织的表达及调控机制

目的 研究自噬相关基因(ATG)在类风湿关节炎(RA)中的表达调控和自噬机制。方法 从GSE55235和GSE55457中鉴定出RA的差异表达基因(DEG),结合人类自噬数据库,筛选出差异表达自噬相关基因(DE-ATG)。利用STRING 11.0和GeneMANIA数据库建立蛋白互作网络。此外,NetworkAnalyst和Cytoscape建立转录因子-基因-miRNA共表达网络。最后,受试者工作特征曲线分析和DrugBank鉴定预测生物标志物的效能和靶向药物的性能。GraphPad prism 8.2.1和R 4.0.3用于统计分析和图形制作。结果 485个DEG在T细胞激活、激素调节、破骨细胞分化、RA和趋化因子等信号通路富集。11个DE-ATG通过hsa-mir-155-5p、RUNX1、TP53和SOX2等调控RA滑膜组织的表达,与四氯二苯二氧芑、二氧化硅有较强的环境因子调控关系。受试者工作特征曲线分析确定了具有良好敏感性和特异性的基因,如MYC、MAPK8、CDKN1A和TNFSF10,可用于区分某些表型,这可能是RA的新型生物标志物。结论 DE-ATG在RA中表达下调可能会促进软骨细胞凋亡和分解,新型生物标志物的确立为诊断和治疗RA提供了新思路和方法,转录因子-基因-miRNA网络的建立为解析滑膜炎症和关节软骨破坏提供直接证据。     

山西省中学校园欺负行为现状及影响因素调查

目的了解山西省中学生校园欺负行为现状及其影响因素,为校园欺负行为干预提供参考依据。方法于2014—2015年采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取山西省9 905名中学生进行匿名问卷调查。结果 9 905名中学生中,过去30 d卷入欺负行为、欺负、被欺负、欺负–被欺负行为的流行率分别为8.8%、4.2%、6.8%和2.3%,卷入欺负行为流行率在不同性别、学校类别、目前在家和谁一起居住、家庭经济状况、父母婚姻状况、学习压力及负担、不上学的社会朋友数、和同学及老师的关系、当前是否饮酒、是否有儿童期虐待(情感、躯体及性虐待)之间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,男生(OR=1.983,95%CI=1.683~2.336)、初中生(OR=2.168,95%CI=1.671~2.813)、拥有社会上的朋友数≥3个(OR=1.435,95%CI=1.170~1.759),和同学及老师的关系差(OR=5.466,95%CI=2.538~11.770;OR=2.624,95%CI=1.654~4.162)、目前在家和母亲一起居住(OR=1.369,95%CI=1.004~1.867)、父母偶尔吵架(OR=1.301,95%CI=1.100~1.539)、当前饮酒(OR=1.787,95%CI=1.453~2.197),儿童期情感、躯体和性虐待(OR=2.333,95%CI=1.899~2.865;OR=2.389,95%CI=1.760~3.243;OR=3.857,95%CI=3.159~4.709)经历均是中学生卷入校园欺负的危险因素,家庭经济状况较好(OR=0.648,95%CI=0.437~0.961)和学习压力没有–较小(OR=0.677,95%CI=0.526~0.872)是中学生卷入校园欺负的保护因素。结论山西省中学生校园欺负行为发生较为普遍,应从个人、学校及家庭等多个层面应对校园欺负行为。