Epidemiological and clinical comparisons of paediatric and adult sporotrichosis in Jilin Province,China

Sporotrichosis is endemic in Jilin Province of Northeast China. While paediatric cases make a substantial contribution to the epidemiological profile of sporotrichosis, the differences in the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of sporotrichosis between paediatric and adult patients remain unclear. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 2968 cases of sporotrichosis (2113 adult patients aged ≥ 15 years and 855 paediatric patients aged < 15 years) over a nine-year period (01/01/2010-31/12/2018-). All the patients were diagnosed with sporotrichosis based on fungal culture of material from a skin lesion. In paediatric patients, the male:female ratio was 1.3:1, the incidence of sporotrichosis in the cold seasons was high (79.0%), most lesions occurred in the facial region (92.2%), and there was a preponderance of fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis (86.8%). In adult patients, the male:female ratio was 1:2.4, the incidence of sporotrichosis in the cold seasons was 66.0%, most lesions affected the extremities (48.6%) and the face (44.9%), and fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis was common (69.3%). The results indicate there were significant differences in the distribution of paediatric and adult sporotrichosis patients by sex, season with the highest occurrence of sporotrichosis, lesion sites and clinical types. Our results suggest that the epidemiology and clinical manifestations between paediatric and adult patients were different, and the route of infection of sporotrichosis in children may differ from that of adults in Jilin Province.     

Two new xyloketals from the endophytic fungus Endomelanconiopsis endophytica derived from medicinal plant Ficus hirta

Chemical examination of the liquid culture of Endomelanconiopsis endophytica A326 isolated from the Chinese folk medicine Ficus hirta resulted in the isolation of two new xyloketals named xyloketals K and L (1–2) and three known analogs (3–5) including a new natural product (5). Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the SF-268, MCF-7, NCI-H460, and HepG-2 tumor cell lines. Nonetheless, no significant activity was observed.     

Symbiotic collision tumour of the scalp: squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma

Cutaneous collision tumours are the co-existence of two tumours of different histopathological morphologies that coincide at the same or adjacent anatomical sites. A large scalp nodule excised from a 70 year-old man revealed a collision tumour composed of cells of squamous carcinoma (SCC) and malignant melanoma. Immunohistochemistry using dual staining for melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma demonstrated an unusual pattern; nests of melanoma cells surrounded by a layer of squamous carcinoma cells. The unique architecture observed in the case suggested a relationship between the two tumours.     

一株海绵共附生真菌Fusarium equiseti SCSIO 41019的次级代谢产物及其抑菌活性研究

目的 研究海绵共附生真菌Fusarium equiseti SCSIO 41019的次级代谢产物及抑菌活性。方法 采用中压硅胶柱色谱、中压反相ODS柱色谱及高效液相色谱等方法对发酵产物进行分离和纯化，运用核磁数据及文献对比的方法鉴定化合物结构。采用滤纸片琼脂扩散法、改良肉汤稀释法评价化合物的抑菌活性。结果 从其大米发酵产物中分离并鉴定了8个化合物，分别为equisetin(1)、5'-epiequisetin(2)、lumichrome(3)、N-乙酰基色胺(4)、亚油酸(5)、methyl (4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate(6)、methyl (2-hydroxyphenyl) acetate(7)和graminin B(8)。化合物1、2和5对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA)分别具有不同程度的抑制作用，最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC)为2.0~125μg/mL，其中化合物1的抑菌活性最强(MIC值分别为2.0和3.9μg/mL)。结论 从菌株Fusarium equiseti SCSIO 41019分离得到两个具良好抑菌活性的化合物(1~2)，为将其开发为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的先导化合物提供一定参考。     

共生真菌对植物抗旱性的影响及机制研究进展

共生真菌分布广泛,与植物形成共生体。研究表明,某些共生真菌可以增强植物对生物胁迫和非生物胁迫,包括干旱、高温、矿物质失调和高盐的耐受性,从而使被内生真菌感染的植株比未感染植株对有限的资源更具竞争力而且生长得更好。植物共生真菌可以通过多样化途径来增强植物体的抗性机能,其提高抗旱性的机制主要表现在营养物质的吸收、植物的保护系统、激素调节、水解酶、水分代谢、相关基因表达、植物防御信号途径等方面。总结共生真菌提高植物耐旱性的机制研究进展,以使读者能全面、及时地了解这一领域的研究动态。     

海洋来源真菌Penicillium sp. wqh-572的次级代谢产物研究?

目的 研究浙江普陀岛海泥来源真菌Penicillium sp. wqh-572的次级代谢产物及其抑菌活性。方法 将菌株进行大规模发酵,乙酸乙酯萃取,采用小孔树脂MCI柱和半制备型高效液相色谱等分离纯化方法,通过核磁(₁H NMR和₁₃C NMR)和质谱(MS)等波谱分析方法,并与相关文献比较,鉴定化合物结构。结果 从该真菌发酵液的乙酸乙酯萃取相中分离得到6个化合物,鉴定结果分别为physcion (1)、emodin (2)、7-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5-methylchromone (3)、isorhodoptilometrin (4)、2-(2’, 4’, 6’-trihydroxyphenyc)-(7-hydroxy-5-methyc) chromone (5)及(Z)-N-(4-hydroxy styryl) formamide (6)。其中,其中化合物5为首次从青霉属真菌中分离得到。化合物1对3种植物病原菌均具有抑制作用。     

海绵共附生真菌Penicillium chrysogenum次级代谢产物的化学成分及生物活性研究

目的 对分离自西沙隋氏蒂壳海绵共附生真菌Penicilliumchrysogenum的次级代谢产物进行化学成分及其生物活性研究,以期发现结构特异并且活性良好的次级代谢产物。方法 对隋氏蒂壳海绵共附生真菌Penicilliumchrysogenum用真菌2号培养基发酵,发酵后的菌丝体采用溶剂提取、萃取和现代色谱分离纯化手段,再运用现代核磁波谱技术并结合高分辨质谱鉴定化合物结构。基于微阵列技术的表面等离子体共振成像（SPRi）系统,检测化合物与肿瘤相关蛋白的相互作用,并提供化合物与肿瘤相关蛋白的结合动力学数据。结果 通过分离隋氏蒂壳海绵共附生真Penicilliumchrysogenum的菌丝体提取物,从中分离鉴定了7个单体化合物,鉴定结果为conidiogenone（1）、2-acetylquinazolin-4(3H)-one（2）、15β-hydroxyl-(22E,24R)-ergosta-3,5,8,22-tetraen-on（3）、ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one（4）、 2-((2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoyl)-5,6-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethylcyclohex-4-ene-1,3-dione（5）、(22E)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol（6）、2-(1-hydroxyethyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one（7）。结论 化合物3和6是从Penicillium属内第一次分离得到,化合物4是从真菌Penicilliumchrysogenum中第一次分离得到,化合物5与肿瘤蛋白VEGFR-1、FGFR有亲和作用,KD的数值分别为7.78×10-3和1.44×10-1 μmol/L。     

牡蛎共生菌Chaetomium globosum ML-4发酵液的化学成分及其体外抗肿瘤活性研究

采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、制备薄层色谱和高效液相色谱等方法对牡蛎共生菌Chaetomium globosum ML-4发酵液的化学成分进行分离纯化,获得5个化合物。利用高分辨质谱、核磁共振谱及文献比对的方法,将上述化合物分别鉴定为chaetoglobosin V(1),chaetoglobosin Vb(2),tyrosol(3),5-methyluracil(4),uracil(5)。采用MTT法测定化合物对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721的体外细胞毒活性,结果发现,化合物1对SMMC-7721细胞具有明显的增殖抑制活性,其IC50为60.5 mg·L-1,阳性对照药顺铂的IC50为19.96 mg·L-1。进一步研究发现,化合物1可引起SMMC-7721细胞G2期细胞周期阻滞,并能诱导SMMC-7721细胞凋亡;SMMC-7721细胞中Bcl-2/Bax的比值下降,Caspases-3,-8,-9的表达增加,Akt蛋白的表达和磷酸化水平下降。上述结果表明,化合物1对SMMC-7721细胞的体外抗肿瘤活性与诱导细胞周期G2期阻滞以及细胞凋亡相关;其诱导凋亡作用同时涉及线粒体途径和死亡受体途径,且与PI3K/Akt信号通路活性下降相关。     

恒山黄芪内生真菌Aspergillus sp.中环二肽的分离和鉴定

目的:研究黄芪内生真菌AR-15-1的环二肽类次生代谢产物的成分。方法:内生真菌AR-15-1是采用组织学方法分离自恒山黄芪的根部,真菌的鉴定采用形态学法结合分子生物学法,内生真菌大量发酵采用固体培养的方法,环二肽成分的分离使用柱色谱法,HPLC法结合LH-20羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶色谱进行分离纯化,化合物结构鉴定采用波谱表征分析。结果:从黄芪根部分离到的内生真菌AR-15-1被鉴定为曲霉属Aspergillus sp.,从AR-15-1的固体发酵物中分离到8个环二肽化合物,分别为环(脯-甘)二肽(1),环(脯-亮)二肽(2),环(脯-异亮)二肽(3),环(脯-缬)二肽(4),环(苯丙-甘)二肽(5),环(苯丙-丙)二肽(6),环(苯丙-络)二肽(7)和环(苯丙-脯)二肽(8)。结论:环二肽类化合物1~8均为首次从黄芪内生真菌中分离得到,其中大部分环二肽化合物已被发现是具有很好的生物活性。     

痔体黏膜发现白色念珠菌寄生

为探讨痔的病因,将26例患者痔体送病理组织检查,PAS染色发现9例有紫红色菌体寄生,据其形态判断是白色念珠菌,试管沙氏培养基培养见奶白色酵母样菌落,转种于科玛嘉培养基培养见菌落呈翠绿色,诊断为白色念珠菌。由此推断痔上皮增生、角化,黏膜大量炎细胞浸润,间质水肿、出血,黏膜下静脉强烈炎性变,是因白色念珠菌感染引起的。