基于CiteSpace的中医体质辨识研究可视化计量分析＊

目的 以“中医体质辨识”为主题开展系统的可视化分析，探索中医体质辨识领域的发展现状、研究热点、发展趋势，为后续研究提供借鉴。方法 以中国知网（CNKI）数据库为数据源检索相关文献，并将所得数据文件导入CiteSpace软件，对作者、机构和关键词进行共现分析并得到相关知识图谱。结果 共纳入1099篇文献，通过CiteSpace共现分析找到中医体质辨识领域研究的高产机构、具有代表性的研究者以及高频关键词。研究发现各个研究者及机构缺乏沟通合作，研究热点主题有体质研究、治未病、健康管理、与现代生物医学相结合。结论 中医体质辨识领域的研究逐年增加，知识图谱揭示了中医体质辨识在健康管理、与现代生物医学相结合将是未来的研究趋势。     

发热伴血小板减少综合征研究热点的可视化分析

[摘要]　目的　对发热伴血小板减少综合征（severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, SFTS）的相关文献进行文献计量学和可视化分析，探寻近年来的研究现状、热点及趋势，为临床治疗和基础研究提供参考。方法?以Web of Science（WOS）核心合集和中国知网（China national knowledge infrastructure, CNKI）数据库为文献来源，检索2011年1月1日—2021年12月31日有关SFTS的文献，导入CiteSpace.5.7.R2软件，以国家、作者、文献共被引、关键词为节点进行可视化分析，并绘制相关图谱。结果?在WOS核心合集共检索到797篇文献，在CNKI数据库共检索到714篇文献。相关领域发文量总体呈上升趋势，中国发文量居首位，美国和日本之间机构合作密切。研究热点集中在发病机制、抗体、特异性治疗等领域。非结构蛋白、临床预后、血小板减少、SFTS感染的靶细胞等将是未来的研究重点。结论?国内外关于SFTS的研究逐渐成熟，新型布尼亚病毒、免疫功能、预后是研究重点，但是对SFTS发病机制和病毒受体尚不清楚，仍须进一步探索。     

Frame Invariance and Scalability of Neural Operators for Partial Differential Equations

Partial differential equations (PDEs) play a dominant role in the mathematical modeling of many complex dynamical processes. Solving these PDEs often requires prohibitively high computational costs, especially when multiple evaluations must be made for different parameters or conditions. After training, neural operators can provide PDEs solutions significantly faster than traditional PDE solvers. In this work, invariance properties and computational complexity of two neural operators are examined for transport PDE of a scalar quantity. Neural operator based on graph kernel network (GKN) operates on graph-structured data to incorporate nonlocal dependencies. Here we propose a modified formulation of GKN to achieve frame invariance. Vector cloud neural network (VCNN) is an alternate neural operator with embedded frame invariance which operates on point cloud data. GKN-based neural operator demonstrates slightly better predictive performance compared to VCNN. However, GKN requires an excessively high computational cost that increases quadratically with the increasing number of discretized objects as compared to a linear increase for VCNN.     

基于知识图谱的名医经验传承模式探究＊

名医经验传承是中医药文化传承和发展的重要内容。本文结合当前名医经验传承研究的基本现状以及名医学术经验整理与深度传承发展的核心需求，提出基于知识图谱的名医经验传承模式研究构想。利用知识图谱在多维度知识及海量信息网络整合方面的优势，从名医学术源流整理，学术思想挖掘及临床经验整理等多个角度出发，探讨知识图谱构建和挖掘分析的研究思路。通过多主题、结构化的知识图谱构建，探索名医经验传承系统化、规范化建设的新思路。     

Hubs disruption in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. A resting‐state fMRI study on a language‐and‐memory network

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) affects the brain networks at several levels and patients suffering from mTLE experience cognitive impairment for language and memory. Considering the importance of language and memory reorganization in this condition, the present study explores changes of the embedded language‐and‐memory network (LMN) in terms of functional connectivity (FC) at rest, as measured with functional MRI. We also evaluate the cognitive efficiency of the reorganization, that is, whether or not the reorganizations support or allow the maintenance of optimal cognitive functioning despite the seizure‐related damage. Data from 37 patients presenting unifocal mTLE were analyzed and compared to 48 healthy volunteers in terms of LMN‐FC using two methods: pairwise correlations (region of interest [ROI]‐to‐ROI) and graph theory. The cognitive efficiency of the LMN‐FC reorganization was measured using correlations between FC parameters and language and memory scores. Our findings revealed a large perturbation of the LMN hubs in patients. We observed a hyperconnectivity of limbic areas near the dysfunctional hippocampus and mainly a hypoconnectivity for several cortical regions remote from the dysfunctional hippocampus. The loss of FC was more important in left mTLE (L‐mTLE) than in right (R‐mTLE) patients. The LMN‐FC reorganization may not be always compensatory and not always useful for patients as it may be associated with lower cognitive performance. We discuss the different connectivity patterns obtained and conclude that interpretation of FC changes in relation to neuropsychological scores is important to determine cognitive efficiency, suggesting the concept of “connectome” would gain to be associated with a “cognitome” concept.     

发热伴血小板减少综合征研究热点的可视化分析

[摘要]　目的　对发热伴血小板减少综合征（severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, SFTS）的相关文献进行文献计量学和可视化分析，探寻近年来的研究现状、热点及趋势，为临床治疗和基础研究提供参考。方法?以Web of Science（WOS）核心合集和中国知网（China national knowledge infrastructure, CNKI）数据库为文献来源，检索2011年1月1日—2021年12月31日有关SFTS的文献，导入CiteSpace.5.7.R2软件，以国家、作者、文献共被引、关键词为节点进行可视化分析，并绘制相关图谱。结果?在WOS核心合集共检索到797篇文献，在CNKI数据库共检索到714篇文献。相关领域发文量总体呈上升趋势，中国发文量居首位，美国和日本之间机构合作密切。研究热点集中在发病机制、抗体、特异性治疗等领域。非结构蛋白、临床预后、血小板减少、SFTS感染的靶细胞等将是未来的研究重点。结论?国内外关于SFTS的研究逐渐成熟，新型布尼亚病毒、免疫功能、预后是研究重点，但是对SFTS发病机制和病毒受体尚不清楚，仍须进一步探索。     

Percutaneous epiphysiodesis using transphyseal screws for limb-length discrepancies: high variability among growth predictor models

Purpose

Percutaneous epiphysiodesis using transphyseal screws (PETS) was developed as a minimally invasive outpatient procedure to address limb-length discrepancy (LLD) that allowed immediate postoperative weight bearing and was potentially reversible by removing the screws. The aims of our study were to report our results using PETS for LLD and evaluate the accuracy of three growth predictor models.

Methods

Sixteen patients with an average age of 14 years were treated for LLD using PETS. Thirteen patients had screws inserted in a parallel fashion and 3 had crossed screws. We compared the predicted LLD at skeletal maturity using the three growth predictor methods with the actual LLD at skeletal maturity and preoperative LLD with the final LLD at skeletal maturity.

Results

The mean LLD at skeletal maturity between the predicted and final measurements was 0.2 cm using the Green−Anderson method, 1.4 cm using the Moseley method, and −0.1 cm using the Paley method. The mean preoperative LLD of 3.1 cm was corrected to 1.7 cm at skeletal maturity (p < 0.001). Six patients complained of pain over the screw heads; however, no patient developed an infection or angular deformity.

Conclusions

The three growth predictor methods predicted the final LLD within an average of 1.4 cm, but there was high variability. Although PETS improved the LLD by a mean of 1.4 cm, we believe the results would have been better if PETS was performed at an earlier skeletal age.     

儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶Val158Met基因多态性调控注意缺陷多动障碍儿童脑白质网络重组

目的注意缺陷多动障碍(attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童不仅前额叶-纹状体连接模式失常,还存在大尺度脑结构连接紊乱现象。多巴胺系统与ADHD儿童临床症状息息相关,在临床药物治疗领域发挥着重要作用。结合儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶(catechol-O-methyltransferase,COMT)基因多态性探讨多巴胺对ADHD儿童神经环路的影响。材料与方法对40例ADHD儿童和40名年龄匹配的正常对照扩散张量成像数据进行纤维束追踪,以自动解剖标记(automated anatomic labeling,AAL)模板90个脑区为节点、各脑区之间纤维束的数目为边构建白质网络。对被试进行COMT Val158Met基因多态性检测。进行图论分析计算网络拓扑属性指标,比较正常对照与ADHD儿童的脑网络属性的差异,并评估COMT基因多态性对网络属性改变的调控作用;采用基于网络的分析进一步比较大脑环路连接的改变;并进一步分析核心节点与非核心节点间连接的组间差异。结果只在携带Met等位基因的ADHD儿童组发现了白质网络重组现象,表现为该组被试明显增强的节点度、节点效率、额叶-纹状体连接环路、顶叶-扣带-运动皮层连接环路、非核心节点间连接强度。结论携带Met等位基因的ADHD儿童发生白质网络重组现象,不仅仅局限于介导执行功能的额叶-纹状体环路,更广泛涉及参与感知、运动、高级认知、注意力控制和处理的感觉运动网络、额叶、扣带回以及顶叶皮层。影像遗传学不仅突显了ADHD儿童大尺度网络重组现象,更对临床药物研究以及药物基因组学有着深远影响。     

基于小波分析和灰度纹理特征的乳腺X线图像微钙化点区域的提取

目的乳腺癌的早期发现对患者意义重大。为帮助医生进行乳腺癌的早期检查和诊断,本文提出利用小波分析与图像纹理特征提取相结合的方法来提取乳腺X线图像微钙化点区域,在提高检查准确性的同时避免漏检误检。方法首先利用灰度共生矩阵所提取的能量、熵、对比度、相关性以及小波分解后得到的各层高频系数的方差、能量作为图像的特征向量,然后利用支持向量机进行训练建立最优分类模型。最后利用建立的最优分类模型实现乳腺X线图像微钙化点区域的提取并利用检出率和误检率对结果进行评估。结果使用临床数据进行验证,结果表明利用小波分析与图像纹理特征提取相结合的方法能有效提取乳腺图像中的微钙化点区域。结论基于小波分析和灰度纹理特征的乳腺X线图像微钙化点区域的提取方法比单一的图像纹理特征提取或小波分析等方法,提取的效果更好。另外,该方法设计简单,更易于实现乳腺癌的自动化诊断。     

基于fNIRS的脑功能连接研究综述

脑功能连接是指脑皮质区域间在神经生理活动上的相互关联,在大脑功能分析中具有重要的地位和作用。功能性近红外光谱技术(functional near-infrared spectroscopy,fNIRS)作为一种新兴的神经影像学工具在脑功能连接的研究领域中愈加受到重视。本文首先简要介绍了fNIRS应用于脑功能检测的基本原理,并结合f MRI从多角度分析了fNIRS应用在静息态脑功能连接研究中的优势与可行性,然后重点介绍了脑功能连接的两种主要分析方法——种子相关分析和基于图论的静息态复杂脑网络分析,最后讨论了基于fNIRS的脑功能连接在认知障碍及相关疾病研究中的应用,使读者对基于fNIRS的脑功能连接的基本理论、研究方法及发展现状有一个较为清晰全面的了解。