全球出生缺陷研究热点与前沿分析——基于Cite Space的图谱量化分析

目的为追踪全球出生缺陷研究的热点前沿,探索该领域的最新进展。方法利用Web of Science(WOS)和中国知网(CNKI)数据库中的期刊数据,确定关键词并以专业检索的方式对2010-2019年的文献进行检索。将检索出的文献数据人工筛选后,导入Cite Space进行可视化分析。结果共纳入文献14 318篇(CNKI数据库4 046篇,WOS数据库10 670篇)。从发文数量上看,英文文献发文数量逐年上升,中文文献发文数量逐年减少。在内容分析上看,英文文献研究热点主要分布在出生缺陷危险因素研究、发病机制、发育生物学等研究方向;中文文献研究热点主要分布在出生缺陷监测、干预预防、健康教育等研究方向。结论出生缺陷作为影响人口素质的重要原因倍受关注,其研究内容在不断丰富,出生缺陷的人群监测、干预预防、发病机制、治疗康复等都是出生缺陷研究的重点,针对出生缺陷研究领域的现况、热点和趋势分析能为出生缺陷研究的未来研究方向和实践提供参考。     

基于CiteSpace的乳腺癌康复护理研究现状与热点分析

目的:通过CiteSpace软件分析国内外乳腺癌康复护理的发展趋势与热点问题,旨在为国内外学者关于乳腺癌康复护理的研究方向提供参考和依据。方法:通过主题词分别检索中国知网(CNKI)数据库和Web of Science核心合集(WOS)数据库1992—2022年发表的文献,利用CiteSpace软件对检索到的相关文献进行分析总结。结果:最终纳入CNKI数据库文献419篇,WOS数据库文献526篇。可视化分析显示,国内与国外的研究热点一致,主要集中在乳腺癌的康复护理、功能锻炼、术后并发症和生活质量等方面。结论:我国在该领域的研究虽与国际接轨,但文献水平仍然较低,未来应加强多学科多领域的国际合作与交流,加大研究力度,进一步提高文献研究质量。     

基于CiteSpace软件的呼吸机技术热点研究

目的 通过对关于呼吸机技术研究的文献计量进行分析,探讨目前呼吸机技术研究的热点和趋势.方法 检索中国期刊全文数据库CNKI和Web of Science(WOS)2011—2020年关于呼吸机技术研究的相关文献,利用CiteSpace软件对高频关键词进行文献计量可视化分析.结果 该研究共纳入中文文献217篇和英文文献9...     

儿童高血压研究热点与前沿分析

目的 分析中英文文献中儿童高血压研究现状、热点及前沿进展,为儿童高血压的早期预防提供参考。方法 检索Web of Science(WoS)核心合集数据库和中国知网数据库(CNKI),收集2000—2021年儿童高血压研究相关文献,运用CiteSpace 5.8.R3和VOSviewer 1.6.18可视化工具分析文献发文量、作者、地区、机构合作情况和研究热点与前沿。结果 共纳入英文文献22 687篇、中文文献4 440篇,儿童高血压主题发文量总体呈上升趋势。英文文献的发文机构以多伦多大学、科罗拉多大学为主,中文文献的发文机构以北京大学第一医院儿科为主。美国和中国在儿童高血压领域所发表的核心期刊数量处于领先地位,美国的发文影响力居于首位。关键词共现分析表明,英文文献高频关键词有“prevalence”“risk”“obesity”“risk factor”“body mass index”“insulin resistance”“overweight”“metabolic syndrome”“cardiovascular disease”“mortality”等,中文文献高频关键词有肥胖...     

基于CiteSpace的国内外经颅直流电刺激研究图谱量化分析

对2012—2022年国内外有关经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）领域研究现状、热点及前沿的文献进行文献计量和可视化分析,为我国tDCS领域的进一步发展和深入研究提供依据。方法 检索中国知网（CNKI）和Web of Science核心合集数据库中2012—2022年相关文献,使用CiteSpace 6.1.R3绘出可视化网络图,对发文国家、机构、作者分布以及关键词共现、聚类、突现图进行分析。结果 共纳入国内文献926篇,国外文献8 040篇进行分析。2012—2021年国内外有关tDCS领域研究的发文量逐年递增,并于2017年开始大幅度提升。国内发文量于2018年突破100篇,国外发文量于2021年突破1 000篇,达到顶峰。高频关键词为“脑卒中”“抑郁症”“帕金森病”“精神分裂症”“工作记忆”“运动表现”等;关键词突现分析提示近年来研究聚焦于“头针”“脑电图”“头痛”“青少年”等。结论 tDCS对脑卒中及卒中后功能障碍、帕金森病、意识障碍等神经系统疾病的康复,对抑郁症、精神分裂症等精神疾病的治疗,对工作记忆的调控以及在体育方面的应用是目前研究的热点。     

基于Web of Science的养老护理员工作满意度研究可视化分析

目的了解养老护理员工作满意度领域的研究热点、前沿动态,为我国开展相关研究提供参考。方法运用CiteSpace 5.8.R1软件,对Web of Science核心合集数据库于1993年1月1日—2021年12月14日收录的养老护理员工作满意度相关文献的发文量、发文国家、关键词、共被引和突现词等进行可视化分析。结果 共纳入304篇文献,发文量总体呈上升趋势。养老护理员工作满意度的相关结局、影响因素和干预措施是研究热点,离职意向是研究趋势。结论我国养老护理员工作满意度研究处于起步阶段。建议相关学者加强理论研究,强化模型构建,拓展研究视角。     

基于Web of Science数据库的近十年复发性流产的可视化分析

目的：运用知识图谱分析Web of Science核心合集数据库复发性流产的研究现状及发展趋势。方法：以复发性流产为主题检索Web of Science核心合集数据库,检索时间跨度为2012年1月—2022年1月。运用科学计量学工具CiteSpace（版本5.8.R3）及VOSviewer（版本1.6.17）对复发性流产的发文国家、机构、作者、关键词及被引文献进行可视化分析。结果：检索到3 116篇文献,去重与转化后纳入3 116篇文献。发文最多的国家是中国、美国、英国;主要研究机构是上海交通大学和复旦大学;中心度最高的被引文献主要与不明原因的复发性流产有关;高频关键词主要为expression、risk factor、natural killer cell等。结论：复发性流产病因复杂,发病机制不明,目前对母胎免疫耐受平衡关注较多,而遗传学因素及血栓前状态等其他病因也应深入研究。     

发热伴血小板减少综合征研究进展

发热伴血小板减少综合征（sFTs）是近年来在我国部分地区相继出现的感染性疾病,以发热、血小板减少和多脏器功能损害为主要临床表现,死亡率达10％。目前已经证实其由发热伴血小板减少综合征布尼亚病毒（SFTSV）感染所致。该文就SFTS的临床特征、动物模型的发病机制研究和SFTSV的流行病学、检测方法及复制特点做一概述。     

国内近10年艾滋病健康教育研究现状及热点分析

目的 分析国内近10年艾滋病（acquired immune deficiency syndrome,AIDS）健康教育研究的热点及前沿，为该领域未来的发展提供方向与参考依据。方法 通过检索中国知网（China national knowledge infrastructure,CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（Chinese biomedical literature database,CBM）、万方、维普数据库2012年1月1日—2021年12月31日AIDS健康教育相关文献，运用CiteSpace软件进行可视化分析。结果 3 498篇文献经筛选后共纳入文献1 211篇，作者发文量最多的是刘童童，发文7篇。机构发文量最多的是中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防中心，发文27篇。研究热点是母婴传播、预防控制、感染者、学生、流动人口、同伴教育、微视频；研究前沿是青年学生与互联网+。结论 AIDS健康教育研究各作者与机构间仍需加强合作与交流，研究者应关注研究热点聚焦研究前沿，推动健康教育领域的进一步发展与健康教育模式的革新。     

21世纪以来全球肾综合征出血热研究的文献计量分析

目的 分析2000—2022年肾综合征出血热的研究现状，客观反映国内外HFRS的发展动态与未来趋势。方法 在中国知网、Web of science数据库中以“肾综合征出血热”、“流行性出血热”、“汉坦病毒”为主题词进行检索，并对2000年1月至2022年12月的研究从作者、机构、关键词、热点词、时间线进行文献计量分析。结果 共纳入5 599篇中文文献和3 331篇外文文献，WOS数据库的HFRS的发文数量变化趋势总体呈现正向增长的趋势(R²=0.78),CNKI中关于HFRS的发文数量随年度的变化趋势总体呈现下降的趋势(R²=-0.95)。2017年之后，WOS收录的文献数量高于CNKI,2017年分别为173篇、169篇，2018年144篇、140篇，2019年214篇、138篇，2020年164篇、134篇，2021年194篇、124篇，2022年143篇、109篇。国内文献的主要研究机构分别是浙江省疾病预防控制中心(36篇)、山东省疾病预防控制中心(31篇)等，国外的研究机构则集中于赫尔辛基大学(269篇)、美国疾病控制预防中心(142...     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Psychopathological features of a patient population of targets of workplace bullying

BACKGROUND: A strong association between workplace bullying and subsequent anxiety and depression, indicated by empirical research, suggests that bullying is an aetiological factor for mental health problems. AIMS: To evaluate levels of stress and anxiety-depression disorder developed by targets of workplace bullying together with outcome at 12 months and to characterize this population in terms of psychopathology and sociodemographic features. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (36 women and 12 men) meeting Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror criteria for bullying were included in a prospective study. Evaluations were performed at first consultation and at 12 months using a standard clinical interview, a visual analogue scale of stress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, the Beech scale of stress in the workplace and a projective test (Picture-Frustration Study). RESULTS: At first consultation, 81% of patients showed high levels of perceived stress at work and 83 and 52% presented with anxiety or depression, respectively. At 12 months, only 19% of working patients expressed a feeling of stress at work. There was a significant change in symptoms of anxiety while there was no change in symptoms of depression. Stress at work and depression influenced significatively capacity to go back to work. At 12-month assessments, workers showed a significantly better score on the HAD scale than non-workers. Over half the targets presented a neuroticism-related predominant personality trait. CONCLUSION: Workplace bullying can have severe mental health repercussions, triggering serious and persistent underlying disorders.     

The rise and fall in incidence of malignant mesothelioma from a British Naval Dockyard, 1979-1999

BACKGROUND: The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Britain is predicted to rise over the next 15-25 years because of past failure to protect the workforce against inhalation of asbestos. In British Naval dockyards, alternative insulation materials and respiratory protection were introduced from the mid-1960s. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these control measures on mesothelioma deaths in dockyard workers. METHODS: Cases of mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum between 1979 and 1999 in workers from the Devonport Naval Dockyard, south-west England, were sought from coroners' and medico-legal records. RESULTS: Three hundred and one cases were identified, 7% peritoneal. The peak incidence occurred in 1991 with 25 cases per annum (quadratic model fit R(2) = 74.2%, P < 0.001) and we predict that by 2003 the incidence will fall to fewer than five cases per annum. The mean time between first exposure and presentation was 48.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3-49.8], but this was significantly shorter in the more heavily exposed trades, when compared with the less heavily exposed (42 years, 95% CI = 39.0-45.0, versus 49.5 years, 95% CI = 48.2-50.9). Those with higher exposure were also at significantly greater risk of peritoneal disease (P < 0.023, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: The reduction in incidence of mesothelioma is greater than can be accounted for by reduction in numbers of dockyard workers over the last 50 years. Changes in insulation materials and improved industrial hygiene measures introduced into the Devonport Dockyard from the mid-1960s have resulted in an earlier decline in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma than that predicted for the British workforce as a whole.     

Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure

The ubiquitous organophosphates present a continuing health hazard in agriculture, public health eradication programmes and as chemical warfare agents. Despite significant progress in understanding the potential mechanisms of toxicity far beyond the commonly accepted mechanism of cholinesterase inhibition in intentional exposures, the precise health effects following occupational exposures are yet to be completely defined. A much greater understanding exists of the clinical features of organophosphate poisoning. These are characterized by a triphasic response involving an initial acute cholinergic phase, an intermediate syndrome (both associated with high mortality) and a disabling but non-lethal delayed polyneuropathy. The delayed polyneuropathy may occur in the absence of the cholinergic or intermediate phases. However, progress is still required in order to improve the quantification and assessment of occupational exposures and the implementation of appropriate preventive measures. Finally, evidence-based guidelines for appropriate or optimal therapeutic interventions following poisoning are required urgently and collaborative work with colleagues in developing countries, where the occurrence of organophosphate exposures is more frequent, may provide the answers.     

Miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners

This report documents a case series of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in miners at a deep underground metalliferous mine in tropical arid Australia. During the summer months of February and March 1999, all cases of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners seen at the mine's medical centre were clinically examined and administered a questionnaire. Twenty-five patients were seen, an incidence of 56.4 cases per million man-hours. Miliaria rubra was most often located between the ankle and knee (88% of cases). Twenty-four percent had concurrent folliculitis and 20% had concurrent tinea. Thirty-two percent had a personal history of asthma. Walking through ground-water and splashing of the legs was common. Three to 4 weeks of sedentary duties in air conditioning was generally required to achieve resolution of miliaria rubra. The incidence of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs is 38% of the incidence of heat exhaustion at the same mine. The length of disablement is greater, however. Atopics may be at increased risk of miliaria rubra. Control measures are discussed.     

Planning research

The starting point for any research project should be a question.Once this has been defined and the relevant scientific literaturereviewed, a protocol should be drawn up. This will be used notonly as a guide to the conduct of the study and in the preparationof the final report, but also in seeking any financial supportand approvals that are required for the investigation. A protocolis normally arranged in sections covering the background tothe study, the question(s) that it will address, the methodsthat will be used for the collection and analysis of data, thestatistical power of the investigation (where relevant), anyethical considerations, and the financial input that will beneeded. A pilot study is often helpful where aspects of thestudy method are untried or of uncertainvalidity.     

Stress in the Norwegian police service

BACKGROUND: High levels of stress have been attributed to the conditions of police work, but there is little empirical evidence for this. AIMS: To develop a new instrument to measure job stress in the police; to assess the most severe and frequent police stressors; to compare levels of stress according to the demographic and organizational factors; and to study stress in relation to personality traits, work locus of control and coping strategies. METHODS: A comprehensive nationwide questionnaire survey of 3272 Norwegian police at all hierarchical levels, including the Norwegian Police Stress Survey (NPSS), the Job Stress Survey, the Basic Character Inventory, the Work Locus of Control Scale, and the Coping Strategies Scale. RESULTS: Work injuries were appraised as the most stressful but least frequent stressor and job pressure was reported the least severe but most frequent stressor. Females experienced job stressors less frequently, but appraised them as more severe than men did. Older police officers reported more job pressure severity and fewer work injuries. The police in districts where peer support was planned but not implemented, and who worked in districts with more than 50,000 inhabitants, perceived the lack of support more severely than others. The correlations between stress and personality traits, work locus of control, and coping were moderate. CONCLUSIONS: The NPSS captures police-specific stressors that are not adequately measured by global stress instruments. The study of stress in police work should preferably involve a nationwide use of police-specific stress instruments.