长QT综合征相关研究的文献计量学分析

目的 分析近16年长QT综合征研究相关领域的研究现状、热点及动态前沿.方法 以Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库为数据来源,利用CiteSpace软件对近16年长QT综合征相关研究进行可视化分析,探讨相关研究的国家/机构、期刊、作者及关键词进行文献计量学分析.结果 共检索680篇SCI文献,类型以期刊...     

2017—2023年全球心力衰竭研究热点及趋势分析

目的 利用文献计量学方法分析2017—2023年全球心力衰竭研究热点及趋势。方法 检索Web of Science(WOS)核心合集中关于心力衰竭的文献，限定语种为英语，出版时间限定为2017-01-01至2023-10-31。剔除重复文献后根据纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选，提取相关资料，之后采用WOS的分析功能、VOS viewer（版本1.6.18）、CiteSpace（版本V6.2）进行数据处理与可视化分析。结果 共检索到49 056篇文献，最终纳入文献25 318篇。2017—2022年，心力衰竭领域文献年发文量和年被引频次均逐年增多；心力衰竭领域文献总发文量排名前5位的国家分别是美国（8 883篇）、中国（3 915篇）、意大利（2 409篇）、日本（2 268篇）、英国（2 099篇）。总连接强度最强的国家是美国（10 260），其次是英国（6 437）和德国（6 397），中国的总连接强度排名第18(1 999)。2017—2023年，心力衰竭领域文献总发文量排名前3位的机构分别为杜克大学（824篇）、哈佛大学医学院（778篇）、格拉斯哥大学（622篇）；心力衰竭领域文献总...     

基于CiteSpace的2012-2021年强直性脊柱炎研究热点的文献计量与可视化分析

目的通过文献计量学方法对近10年强直性脊柱炎的相关文献进行可视化分析, 探索该领域的研究热点与趋势。方法以Web of Science核心合集数据库为数据来源, 检索2012—2021年收录的有关强直性脊柱炎的相关文献, 运用CiteSpace 5.8.R3软件对关键词进行共现、突现、聚类和时间线分析, 对参考文献进行共被引和突现分析, 并绘制可视化知识图谱。结果共纳入文献8 684篇, 发文量总体呈稳步上升趋势, 10年间发文量增长了近1倍;分析出13篇具有高学术影响力的文献;发病机制、影响因素、流行病学、治疗进展、生存质量等关键词是近年来的热点研究主题。结论本研究通过对强直性脊柱炎研究领域的文献进行可视化分析, 发现司库奇尤单抗和乌司奴单抗是该领域未来的研究热点和趋势。     

基于CiteSpace对迷走神经与房颤关系研究的可视化分析

目的探究迷走神经与房颤关系相关研究领域的研究热点和研究趋势。方法以Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库为数据来源进行检索,通过CiteSpace V进行作者、机构、国家、期刊、共被引文献、关键词分析,并绘制相关可视化图谱。结果共检索到374篇文献,年度发文量总体呈上升趋势,发表文章较多的作者是JIANG H和SCHERLAG BJ所在的团队,最高产的国家是美国,机构是武汉大学,刊文量最高的期刊是HEART RHYTHM,主要的研究热点是房颤的射频消融、迷走神经、机制、心衰、房室结、心率及神经系统,研究的前沿是星状神经节及迷走神经耳支及电针刺激治疗房颤的研究。结论应用可视化分析软件对迷走神经与房颤关系的相关文献进行文献计量分析,展示了该领域的研究现状及发展进程,揭示研究的前沿领域,为进一步深入研究提供参考。     

基于CiteSpace对近六年阵发性房颤相关文献的可视化分析

目的 探讨阵发性房颤（PAF）可视化分析,寻找PAF相关研究热点和发展趋势。 方法 以Web of Science（WOS）核心合集收录2014～2020年PAF相关文献作为数据基础,应用CiteSpace软件进行作者、国家、机构、关键词共现分析,并绘制相关可视化图谱。 结果 检索共获得1 679篇文献,年均发文量239余篇。高产国家为美国、日本、德国,其中美国在该领域占据主导优势。最高产的机构为日本东京医科大学、Askepios Klin St Georg、上海交通大学等。发文量最高的作者KARLHEUINZ KUCK,具有重要的影响力。高频关键词为atrial fibrillation（房颤）、catheter ablation（导管消融）、pulmonary vein isolation （肺静脉隔离）、paroxysmal atrial fibrillation（阵发性房颤）等。预测发展趋势可能集中于PAF确诊率的提高、最佳治疗策略、患者治疗前后的并发症及后期生活质量等方面。 结论 本研究应用CiteSpace进行PAF计量分析,进一步揭示了PAF热点与趋势,为PAF相关选题提供参考内容,有助于相关课题设计发展方向的选择。     

基于CiteSpace的老年认知障碍研究现状

目的通过对老年认知障碍的相关研究进行科学图谱分析探讨当下研究现状。方法检索2014～2018年Web of Science核心合集数据库中收录的老年认知障碍相关文献,借用CiteSpace软件对文献共被引、关键词、国家、发展趋势进行可视化分析。结果共纳入1 202篇文献,发文量呈上升趋势,美国居于研究的核心地位,精神和行为症状是认知障碍的研究热点。结论轻度认知障碍是未来研究的主体,在借鉴西方国家成功的经验基础上开展多学科协作,早期对认知障碍进行干预,避免或延缓老年痴呆的发生,改善家庭和社会的负担。     

基于文献计量学的2016年至2021年全球乙型肝炎研究热点和趋势分析

目的对全球2016年至2021年乙型肝炎研究热点和趋势进行分析。方法检索2016年1月1日至2021年11月22日Web of Science核心合集数据库中收录的乙型肝炎相关文献。利用InCites平台和VOSviewer 1.6.8可视化分析工具总结文献发表情况、高被引论文、全球核心研究国家/地区, 并进行主题聚类, 结合相关文献的具体内容进行阐述, 分析研究热点。结果截至2021年11月22日, 共检索到12 299篇文献, 2016年至2021年全球乙型肝炎相关研究文献发表数量分别为2 045篇、1 996篇、2 039篇、2 118篇、2 186篇和1 915篇。中国内地(大陆)是发文量最多的国家/地区(4 422篇, 35.95%), 篇均被引频次为7.46, 美国发文量排在第2位(1 949篇, 15.85%), 篇均被引频次为13.78。关键词主题聚类后得到的主要研究方向为:乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus, HBV)感染及HBV与丙型肝炎病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒等的重叠感染、原发性肝细胞癌、抗病毒治疗与乙型肝炎治愈、HBV病毒学、HBV与宿主免疫、HBV...     

基于CiteSpace的PPAR与脂代谢相关可视化研究

目的 运用CiteSpace软件对过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPAR）与脂代谢相关文献进行可视化分析,发现该领域近年来研究热点、趋势及研究进展。 方法 以Web of Science核心合集数据库为研究对象,运用CiteSpace 5.7 R2对文献进行可视化分析,探讨该领域国家、机构发文量,关键热词、高质量被引文献等,并导出相关图谱。 结果 共纳入文献8737篇,PPARγ与脂代谢是出现频次最高的关键词,Pawlak M(2015)是被引频次最高的文献,TONTONOZ P是被引频次最高的作者,美国是发文量最多的国家。 结论 以CiteSpace为工具,对PPAR与脂代谢相关文献进行可视化分析,可提供该领域的研究热点及趋势。     

基于CiteSpace的胰腺癌免疫治疗研究热点的可视化分析

目的 通过对近20年发表的胰腺癌免疫治疗相关文献进行可视化分析，探讨胰腺癌免疫治疗领域研究进展及趋势。方法 检索Web of Science核心合集数据库2002年1月1日至2022年11月1日发布的胰腺癌免疫治疗的国内外相关文献。采用CiteSpace进行数据可视化分析并绘制热点演进进程。结果 最终纳入1 935篇英文文献。胰腺癌免疫治疗领域处于快速发展阶段，美国在该领域内影响力巨大，中国研究成果显著；约翰霍普金斯大学、得克萨斯大学安德森癌症中心和宾夕法尼亚大学是该领域主要研究机构；我国作者在该领域内发文量最多。当前，胰腺癌免疫治疗的主要研究热点是免疫检查点抑制剂，而高质量的临床试验在不断推动其发展。结论 新型免疫方案的探索及不同疗法间的联合将成为该领域未来研究的主要趋势。     

基于知识图谱的艾滋病护理研究可视化分析

目的 通过对国内外艾滋病护理领域研究文献进行可视化分析,旨在明确该领域的研究热点和发展趋势。方法 检索中国知网和Web of Science核心合集数据库收录的以艾滋病护理为主题的文献,运用Bibliometrix及VOSviewer软件进行分析,包括年发文量、国家、机构、作者、期刊和关键词。结果 共纳入中文文献3 416篇、英文文献3 095篇。该领域国内外发文量呈持续增长趋势。美国是主要发文国家（1 388篇）。护理干预、评价指标、特殊人群是该领域的研究热点。国外研究热点围绕性行为、障碍、护理干预、预防和男性人群展开。国内则主要涉及护理干预、依从性、生活质量、老年人群。艾滋病护理模式由功能制护理向整体护理转变、艾滋病患者老龄化及慢病管理是该领域护理研究趋势。结论 未来我国护理研究者应立足本国国情,通过借鉴国外先进经验,加强跨地区或跨国合作交流等方式,开展艾滋病慢病护理研究,逐步探寻我国艾滋病患者老龄化时代背景下的整体护理干预模式。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.     

Morphological and immunocytochemical heterogeneity of cultured pinealocytes from one-week-and two-month-old rats: Planimetric and densitometric investigations

Abstract: In vitro preparations of rat pinealocytes are widely used for biochemical analyses of signal transduction processes. This paper deals with morphological and immunocytochemical features of such preparations. Special attention was paid to the problems of whether pinealocytes represent a heterogeneous cell population and how such heterogeneity may develop during ontogeny. The investigations were performed with cells which were obtained from the pineal organ of one-week-and two-month-old rats, attached to synthetic peptide-coated coverslips or tissue culture chamber slides, and maintained under in vitro conditions overnight. The attached cells were then fixed with paraformaldehyde. These preparations yielded monolayers of spherical cells of different sizes; most cells were isolated, but some of them were aggregated and formed small clusters. On the average, the cells from the one-week-old animals were smaller than the cells from the two-month-old animals. Immunocytochemical demonstration of S-antigen, a pinealocyte-specific marker, showed that the majority of the cells from two-month-old animals were intensely or moderately labelled. Pinealocytes from one-week-old animals were less S-antigen immunoreactive. Only very few cells (less than 1% displayed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity. Planimetric investigations of the cell size and semiquantitative densitometric investigations of the intensity of the S-antigen immunoreaction revealed that (i) pinealocytes kept in vitro form a heterogeneous cell population, and that (ii) this heterogeneity increases during postnatal development from one-week-old to two-month-old animals. Two groups of pinealocytes can be distinguished based on their developmental fate: pinealocytes of one group grow dramatically, but show only a moderate increase in S-antigen immunoreactivity, and pinealocytes of the other group retain their size, but display a distinct increment in S-antigen immunoreacti vitv.     

MUTATION FREQUENCY IN NURSES AND PHARMACISTS WORKING WITH CYTOTOXIC DRUGS

Individuals occupationally exposed to cytotoxic drugs may be at risk owing to the effects of these agents on DNA. As an index of DNA damage, in vivo mutations were measured in lymphocytes from 24 oncology nurses or pharmacists and 24 matched controls. Mutation frequency was significantly increased in exposed individuals and appeared to be related to duration of exposure. However, the overall magnitude of the increase was small and its biological significance remains to be determined.