中医药预防结直肠癌术后复发转移的临床研究述评＊

对于结直肠癌患者，术后复发转移是导致其死亡的主要原因。大量研究显示中医药在结直肠癌复发转移的预防方面有着良好疗效。本文从临床研究入手，针对疾病不同分期，从结直肠癌术后辨证分型的临床研究及中医药预防结直肠癌复发转移的临床试验研究两方面展开论述，发现问题并给出未来临床研究方向的建议。本文旨在为结直肠癌术后复发转移中医药预防的临床研究提供思路和方法，把控好中医药在结直肠癌全过程防治中关键环节，更好地继承发扬中医药在“治未病”中的独特优势。     

Risk prediction of common bile duct stone recurrence based on new common bile duct morphological subtypes

Stones in the common bile duct (CBD) are reported worldwide, and this condition is majorly managed through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). CBD stone recurrence is an important issue after endoscopic stone removal. Therefore, it is essential to identify its risk factors to determine the necessity of regular follow-up in patients who underwent endoscopic removal of CBD stones. The authors identified that the S and polyline morphological subtypes of CBD were associated with increased stone recurrence. New morphological subtypes of CBD presented by the authors can be important risk predictors of recurrence after endoscopic stone removal. Furthermore, the new morphological subtypes of CBD may predict the risk of residual CBD stones or technical difficulty in CBD stone removal. Further studies with a large sample size and longer follow-up durations are warranted to examine the usefulness of the newly identified morphological subtypes of CBD in predicting the outcomes of ERCP for CBD stone removal.     

胆囊结石合并胆总管结石术后患者复发情况及危险因素分析

目的 探讨胆囊结石合并胆总管结石(CBDS)术后患者复发情况及危险因素。方法 纳入114例2019年1月~2020年12月在本院行ECRP联合LC治疗的胆囊结石合并CBDS患者,回顾性分析其临床资料,根据所选患者ECRP联合LC术后随访1年内是否复发(REC)将其分为REC组(32例)和未REC组(82例)。回顾性统计胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC情况,比较REC组和未REC组的临床资料,并分析胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC的危险因素。结果 114例胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC32例,发生率28.07%。胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC的危险因素为胆道感染、胆道口括约肌切开、术者经验≤3年、胆道括约肌功能障碍(OR=4.170、4.047、3.568、3.367,P<0.05)。结论 胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC的危险因素与胆道感染、胆道口括约肌切开、术者经验≤3年、胆道括约肌功能障碍密切相关,可据此针对性制定临床治疗及护理干预措施方案,以降低胆囊结石合并CBDS术后患者REC率。     

Recent progress in molecular mechanisms of postoperative recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatectomy is currently considered the most effective option for treating patients with early and intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately, the postoperative prognosis of patients with HCC remains unsatisfactory, predominantly because of high postoperative metastasis and recurrence rates. Therefore, research on the molecular mechanisms of postoperative HCC metastasis and recurrence will help develop effective intervention measures to prevent or delay HCC metastasis and recurrence and to improve the long-term survival of HCC patients. Herein, we review the latest research progress on the molecular mechanisms underlying postoperative HCC metastasis and recurrence to lay a foundation for improving the understanding of HCC metastasis and recurrence and for developing more precise prevention and intervention strategies.     

玻璃体腔内注射抗血管内皮生长因子治疗早产儿视网膜病复发的危险因素分析

目的 探讨玻璃体腔内注射抗血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF）治疗早产儿视网膜病（retinopathy of prematurity，ROP）的效果及复发的危险因素。 方法 回顾性收集2016年1月—2021年12月在郑州大学第一附属医院出生行抗VEGF治疗的ROP患儿159例的临床资料，根据首次抗VEGF治疗后随访周期内ROP复发与否分为复发组（24例）和非复发组（135例），比较分析2组临床资料，采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨抗VEGF治疗ROP复发的危险因素。 结果 经单次抗VEGF治疗后，所有159例患儿均显示附加病变消退。24例（15.1%）抗VEGF治疗后复发，复发平均时间为治疗后（8.4±2.6）周。多因素logistic回归分析显示，术前眼底出血、总用氧时间较长是ROP复发的危险因素（P<0.05），而妊娠高血压是保护因素（P<0.05）。 结论 玻璃体腔内注射抗VEGF治疗ROP是有效的。术前眼底出血和氧疗时间较长可增加ROP复发的风险，而对于妊娠高血压对ROP复发的影响，还需进一步研究证实。     

Características y resultados oncológicos del carcinoma epidermoide de ano: análisis comparativo entre los pacientes inmunocompetentes y los inmunodeprimidos

ObjectiveMost evidence, including recent randomized controlled trials, analysing anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) do not consider immunocompromise patient population. The aim of this study was to compare clinical and oncological outcomes among immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma.MethodMulticentric retrospective comparative study including 2 cohorts of consecutive patients, immunocompetent and immunocompromised, diagnosed with anal SCC. This study evaluated clinical characteristics, clinical response to radical chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and long-term oncological results including both local and distant recurrence, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).ResultsA total of 84 patients, 47 (55.6%) female, diagnosed with anal SCC from January 2012 to December 2017 were included, 22 (26%) and 62 (74%) patients in immunocompromised and immunocompetent groups respectively. Patients in immunocompromised group were significantly younger (53 vs. 61 years; P=0.001), with smaller tumoral size (P=0.044) and reported higher rates of substance abuse.including tobacco use (P=0.034) and parenteral drug consumption (P=0.001). No differences were found in administered therapies (P=301) neither in clinical response to chemoradiotherapy (83 vs. 100%). Moreover, similar 5-year OS (60 vs. 64%; P=0.756) and DFS (65 vs. 68%; P=0.338) were observed.ConclusionThe present study shows no significant differences in long-term oncological results among immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients diagnosed with anal SCC, with a similar oncologic treatment. This evidence might be explained due to the close monitoring and adequate therapeutic control of HIV positive patients.     

Surgical margins in gastric cancer T2 and T3 and its relationship with recurrence and overall survival at 5 years

IntroductionSurgical resection is the potentially curative treatment in gastric cancer. However, definitive surgical margins are controversial.Material and methodsWe conducted a retrospective, observational study. All patients with gastric cancer treated with surgery of T2 and T3, tumors without involvement of the esophagogastric junction and without neoadjuvant treatment were included.ResultsA total of 70 patients were included. 44 men (62.9%) and 26 women (37.1%). In multivariate analysis, depth of the invasion (T2 vs T3), lymphadenectomy and more than 5 positive nodes were independent factors for recurrence at 5 years. Depth of the invasion (T2 vs T3), intra-abdominal metastases and recurrence were independent factors of overall survival at 5 years. ROC analysis did not show a definitive surgical margin with better 5-year overall survival and lower recurrence.ConclusionsIn patients with gastric cancer T2 and T3, surgical margin did not affect 5-year overall survival or recurrence rate. Other factors are associated with recurrence and 5-year overall survival at 5 years, regardless of the distance from the tumor to the margin.     

体质指数与糖尿病交互作用对肛周脓肿术后复发的影响

目的:探讨体质指数与糖尿病交互作用对肛周脓肿术后复发的影响。方法:选取2015年1月至2016年3月贵州中医药大学第一附属医院收治的肛周脓肿住院患者790例的临床资料作为研究对象,进行回顾性分析,通过Cox比例风险模型及似然比检验分析体质量指数(BMI)和糖尿病对术后复发的交互作用。结果:合并有糖尿病的脓肿患者,每增加1个1 kg/m~2的BMI,将会增加28%的术后脓肿复发的风险(HR=1.28,95%CI 1.05,1.56,P交互=0.03)。结论:脓肿术后复发风险在患有糖尿病且BMI高的人群中较高,从而有助于早期识别高危患者,改善预后。