Telehealth: An Effective Model of Care for Renal Cancer Surveillance

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic presented challenges for urology patients to receive care in the format of a traditional clinic visit. For renal cancer patients, active surveillance and postintervention surveillance are the standard components of management. Telehealth, which was defined as a televideo encounter via the BlueJeans (Verizon) platform (a telehealth platform), was used to ensure continuity of care. Telehealth using the televideo modality was shown to be an effective model of care delivery to provide an optimal patient experience with ease of use.     

IN.PACT AV Access Trial: Economic Evaluation of Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment for Dysfunctional Arteriovenous Fistulae Based on 12-Month Clinical Outcomes

PurposeTo study, from a U.S. payer’s perspective, the economic consequences of drug-coated balloon (DCB) versus standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) use for the treatment of stenotic lesions in dysfunctional hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulae.Materials and MethodsCost differences between DCBs and PTA at year 1 and beyond were calculated via 2 methods. The first approach used the mean absolute number of trial-observed access circuit reinterventions through 12 months (0.65 ± 1.05 vs 1.05 ± 1.18 events per patient for DCBs and PTA, respectively) and projected treatment outcomes to 3 years. The second approach was based on the trial-observed access circuit primary patency rates at 12 months (53.8% vs 32.4%) and calculated the cost difference on the basis of previously published Medicare cost for patients who maintained or did not maintain primary patency. Assumptions regarding DCB device prices were tested in sensitivity analyses, and the numbers needed to treat were calculated.ResultsUsing the absolute number of access circuit reinterventions approach, the DCB strategy resulted in an estimated per-patient savings of $1,632 at 1 year and $4,263 at 3 years before considering the DCB device cost. The access circuit primary patency approach was associated with a per-patient cost savings of $2,152 at 1 year and $3,894 at 2.5 years of follow-up. At the theoretical DCB device reimbursement of $1,800, savings were $1,680 and $2,049 at 2.5 and 3 years, respectively. The one-year NNT of DCB compared to PTA was 2.48.ConclusionsEndovascular therapy for arteriovenous access stenosis with the IN.PACT AV DCB can be expected to be cost-saving if longer follow-up data confirm its clinical effectiveness.     

儿童结核病的合理用药

结核病是严重危害儿童健康的重要传染性疾病，儿童结核病的发病率影响未来成人结核患者的数量，重视儿童结核病对疾病控制具有重要意义，要控制和消灭结核病，必须十分重视儿童结核病的防治，然而不规范的治疗将直接影响治疗效果，该文就儿童结核病的合理用药进行阐述。     

Midterm Outcomes of Angioplasty for Pediatric Renovascular Hypertension

PurposeTo evaluate the midterm outcomes of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) for pediatric renovascular hypertension (RVH).Materials and MethodsThe clinical data of patients who underwent PTRA for RVH in the authors’ hospital from 2012 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Postprocedural blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the affected kidney, restenosis, and complications were closely monitored.ResultsPTRA was performed in a total of 30 children (20 boys and 10 girls), with a mean age of 7.3 years ± 0.7 (range, 40 days to 13.9 years) and a mean weight of 25.0 kg ± 2.3 (range, 3.4–53 kg). The median follow-up period was 26.5 months (range, 1 month to 7.5 years). Technical success was achieved in 26 (86.7%) of the 30 patients. Restenosis developed in 3 patients (10.0%). Only 1 patient underwent stent implantation, and the stent fractured 8 months later, requiring further intervention. There were no other complications. In terms of clinical benefit of blood pressure control after the initial PTRA procedure, 15 patients (50%) were cured and 7 patients (23.3%) showed improvement. There was no significant difference in the etiology, lesion location, and lesion length between patients with clinical benefit and failure (P = .06, P = .202, and P = .06, respectively). GFR of the affected kidney was significantly improved from 19.9 mL/min ± 11.2 to 38.1 mL/min ± 11.9 at the 6-month follow-up after PTRA (P < .001).ConclusionsThe overall results of PTRA for pediatric RVH caused by different etiologies are promising. PTRA not only provided a clinical benefit of blood pressure control in 73.3% of the patients but also significantly improved the function of the affected kidney.     

淄博市放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核率分析

[摘要]?目的?探讨GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测技术在肺结核诊断中的应用价值。方法?以2020年7月—2021年6月在天门市第一人民医院治疗的疑似肺结核患者107例作为研究对象，所有患者均留取痰标本，进行痰涂片、痰培养、GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测、比例法药敏试验。以培养法和比例法药敏结果为金标准，计算GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测结核分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis，MTB）及其对于利福平耐药性检测的灵敏度、特异度、与金标准的的一致率。结果?107例疑似肺结核患者中，痰涂片阳性39例（36.45%），涂片阴性68例（63.55%）。以痰培养结果为金标准，GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测TBM的灵敏度为85.42%（41/48），特异度为88.14%（52/59）。GeneXpert MTB/RIF与痰培养诊断一致率为86.92%（93/107）；进一步分析，GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测痰涂片阳性患者MTB的灵敏度为97.22%（35/36），特异度为33.33%（1/3），检测涂片阴性患者MTB的灵敏度为50.00%（6/12），特异度为91.07%（51/56）。以比例法药敏结果为金标准，确认痰培养阳性36例患者中利福平耐药有4例（11.11%），敏感的有32例（88.89%）；GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测痰培养阳性患者利福平耐药的灵敏度为75.00%（3/4），特异度为93.75%（30/32）。GeneXpert MTB/RIF与比例法药敏试验一致率为91.67%。结论?GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测技术对于肺结核诊断以及利福平的耐药分析具有重要实用价值，可以作为金标准。     

Isoniazid resistance in patients with Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis using line probe assay in a private multispecialty hospital in Bangalore,India

We aimed to study the rate of isoniazid (INH) resistance in Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis samples from a private care setting.A Line probe assay was performed on 74 culture isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or directly on extrapulmonary samples received in our laboratory from 2018 to 2021.The INH mono-resistance among these extrapulmonary samples was 6.7%. (5 among 74) (95% CI: 1.04%–12.48%) Resistance to rifampicin was not detected.Increasing the availability and leveraging public private partnerships in hospitals for universal testing for INH resistance may increase detection of INH monoresistance in EP-TB and improve the strategy for TB elimination.     

糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的研究热点与趋势分析

目的 探讨糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的研究现状、热点与前沿。方法 收集Web of Science核心合集于2000年1月1日至2021年11月20日发表的糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的相关文章，运用CiteSpace 5.8.R3软件进行可视化分析。结果 共纳入英文文献148篇，近20年来该领域发文量呈上升趋势。美国发文量最多（46篇, 31.08%），机构间合作情况的可视化分析共得到个340节点、929条连线，网络密度为0.0161，作者间合作关系的知识图谱共得到790个节点、2425条连线，网络密度为0.0078，关键词共现分析结果显示，糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的危险因素、患病率、诊断和治疗是该领域的研究热点和趋势。结论 糖尿病合并结核潜伏感染的发文量不断增加，机构间、区域内和国际范围内的合作有待进一步开展。立足国情，探索慢病共病的管理模式将有助于优化共病管理，进一步推动慢病管理的进程。     

脂质体辅助递送CTLA-4 siRNA通过激活系统性抗肿瘤免疫反应抑制肾细胞癌生长

目的:探索携带CTLA-4 siRNA的适配子偶联脂质体颗粒是否可以激活肿瘤部位的抗肿瘤免疫反应，抑制肾细胞癌的生长。方法:采用薄膜水化法制备脂质体；使用透射电子显微镜观察脂质体的形态和结构；用Zetasizer测量Zeta电位；共孵育实验观察靶细胞对Lipo-siRNA的摄取；qPCR检测Lipo-siRNA对CTLA-4基因的沉默；小鼠移植瘤模型检测Lipo-siRNA的体内抑瘤能力；流式细胞术检测肿瘤浸润T细胞的激活状态；免疫荧光法检测肿瘤浸润T细胞的数目。结果:成功制备Lipo-siRNA，电镜结果显示其具有双层球状结构；Zetasizer测得其Zeta电位为(+20.53±2.66)mV；荧光显微镜观察结果表明Lipo-siRNA可以被靶细胞有效摄取，qPCR检测Lipo-siRNA可以显著降低CTLA-4基因的表达（P＜0.001）；小鼠移植瘤模型显示Lipo-siRNA较对照组而言可以显著抑制肿瘤生长（P＜0.001），降低肿瘤细胞中CTLA-4的表达（P＜0.001），提升肿瘤浸润T细胞的数量（P＜0.000 1），并且提高了肿瘤浸润T细胞中IL-2（P＜0.000 1）和IFN-γ（P＜0.000 1）的表达水平。结论:适配子偶联脂质体可以携带CTLA-4 siRNA靶向肿瘤细胞，激活肿瘤部位的抗肿瘤免疫反应，抑制肿瘤的生长，对肾细胞癌的治疗具有潜在的临床应用价值。