Telehealth: An Effective Model of Care for Renal Cancer Surveillance

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic presented challenges for urology patients to receive care in the format of a traditional clinic visit. For renal cancer patients, active surveillance and postintervention surveillance are the standard components of management. Telehealth, which was defined as a televideo encounter via the BlueJeans (Verizon) platform (a telehealth platform), was used to ensure continuity of care. Telehealth using the televideo modality was shown to be an effective model of care delivery to provide an optimal patient experience with ease of use.     

IN.PACT AV Access Trial: Economic Evaluation of Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment for Dysfunctional Arteriovenous Fistulae Based on 12-Month Clinical Outcomes

PurposeTo study, from a U.S. payer’s perspective, the economic consequences of drug-coated balloon (DCB) versus standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) use for the treatment of stenotic lesions in dysfunctional hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulae.Materials and MethodsCost differences between DCBs and PTA at year 1 and beyond were calculated via 2 methods. The first approach used the mean absolute number of trial-observed access circuit reinterventions through 12 months (0.65 ± 1.05 vs 1.05 ± 1.18 events per patient for DCBs and PTA, respectively) and projected treatment outcomes to 3 years. The second approach was based on the trial-observed access circuit primary patency rates at 12 months (53.8% vs 32.4%) and calculated the cost difference on the basis of previously published Medicare cost for patients who maintained or did not maintain primary patency. Assumptions regarding DCB device prices were tested in sensitivity analyses, and the numbers needed to treat were calculated.ResultsUsing the absolute number of access circuit reinterventions approach, the DCB strategy resulted in an estimated per-patient savings of $1,632 at 1 year and $4,263 at 3 years before considering the DCB device cost. The access circuit primary patency approach was associated with a per-patient cost savings of $2,152 at 1 year and $3,894 at 2.5 years of follow-up. At the theoretical DCB device reimbursement of $1,800, savings were $1,680 and $2,049 at 2.5 and 3 years, respectively. The one-year NNT of DCB compared to PTA was 2.48.ConclusionsEndovascular therapy for arteriovenous access stenosis with the IN.PACT AV DCB can be expected to be cost-saving if longer follow-up data confirm its clinical effectiveness.     

Midterm Outcomes of Angioplasty for Pediatric Renovascular Hypertension

PurposeTo evaluate the midterm outcomes of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) for pediatric renovascular hypertension (RVH).Materials and MethodsThe clinical data of patients who underwent PTRA for RVH in the authors’ hospital from 2012 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Postprocedural blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the affected kidney, restenosis, and complications were closely monitored.ResultsPTRA was performed in a total of 30 children (20 boys and 10 girls), with a mean age of 7.3 years ± 0.7 (range, 40 days to 13.9 years) and a mean weight of 25.0 kg ± 2.3 (range, 3.4–53 kg). The median follow-up period was 26.5 months (range, 1 month to 7.5 years). Technical success was achieved in 26 (86.7%) of the 30 patients. Restenosis developed in 3 patients (10.0%). Only 1 patient underwent stent implantation, and the stent fractured 8 months later, requiring further intervention. There were no other complications. In terms of clinical benefit of blood pressure control after the initial PTRA procedure, 15 patients (50%) were cured and 7 patients (23.3%) showed improvement. There was no significant difference in the etiology, lesion location, and lesion length between patients with clinical benefit and failure (P = .06, P = .202, and P = .06, respectively). GFR of the affected kidney was significantly improved from 19.9 mL/min ± 11.2 to 38.1 mL/min ± 11.9 at the 6-month follow-up after PTRA (P < .001).ConclusionsThe overall results of PTRA for pediatric RVH caused by different etiologies are promising. PTRA not only provided a clinical benefit of blood pressure control in 73.3% of the patients but also significantly improved the function of the affected kidney.     

脂质体辅助递送CTLA-4 siRNA通过激活系统性抗肿瘤免疫反应抑制肾细胞癌生长

目的:探索携带CTLA-4 siRNA的适配子偶联脂质体颗粒是否可以激活肿瘤部位的抗肿瘤免疫反应，抑制肾细胞癌的生长。方法:采用薄膜水化法制备脂质体；使用透射电子显微镜观察脂质体的形态和结构；用Zetasizer测量Zeta电位；共孵育实验观察靶细胞对Lipo-siRNA的摄取；qPCR检测Lipo-siRNA对CTLA-4基因的沉默；小鼠移植瘤模型检测Lipo-siRNA的体内抑瘤能力；流式细胞术检测肿瘤浸润T细胞的激活状态；免疫荧光法检测肿瘤浸润T细胞的数目。结果:成功制备Lipo-siRNA，电镜结果显示其具有双层球状结构；Zetasizer测得其Zeta电位为(+20.53±2.66)mV；荧光显微镜观察结果表明Lipo-siRNA可以被靶细胞有效摄取，qPCR检测Lipo-siRNA可以显著降低CTLA-4基因的表达（P＜0.001）；小鼠移植瘤模型显示Lipo-siRNA较对照组而言可以显著抑制肿瘤生长（P＜0.001），降低肿瘤细胞中CTLA-4的表达（P＜0.001），提升肿瘤浸润T细胞的数量（P＜0.000 1），并且提高了肿瘤浸润T细胞中IL-2（P＜0.000 1）和IFN-γ（P＜0.000 1）的表达水平。结论:适配子偶联脂质体可以携带CTLA-4 siRNA靶向肿瘤细胞，激活肿瘤部位的抗肿瘤免疫反应，抑制肿瘤的生长，对肾细胞癌的治疗具有潜在的临床应用价值。     

Renal NF-κB activation impairs uric acid homeostasis to promote tumor-associated mortality independent of wasting

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基于正交试验的肾造瘘管固定方案研究

目的 探讨基于正交试验的肾造瘘管不同固定方案的比较效果。方法 将14Fr硅胶肾造瘘管固定在聚乙烯展板和拉力显示器上，以固定材料、固定方法、面积为3个影响因素，每个因素3个水平，每组进行3次试验再求平均值作为最后拉力值F，共进行9个固定方案共27次试验。利用L9（33）正交试验矩阵研究不同材料（医用橡皮膏、医用透气胶带、医用无纺布胶带）、固定方法（交叉固定法、“工”字固定法和改良“工”字固定法）及面积(16 cm2、24 cm2、32 cm2）对肾造瘘管固定强度的影响。结果 正交试验所选的3种影响因素中，对拉力值影响显著性排序为：材料＞方法＞面积；3种固定材料中，医用橡皮膏固定强度最大。结论 肾造瘘管固定方案中，最佳固定组合为以医用橡皮膏结合改良“工”字法固定，可为临床管道固定方案的选择提供参考。     

Renal Neoplasia in Tuberous Sclerosis: A Study of 41 Patients

ObjectiveTo study the clinical features and identify unique renal neoplasia subtypes and their prognostic implications in individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).Patients and MethodsThe Mayo Clinic nephrectomy registry included 37 patients with TSC diagnosed between 1970 and 2018. Four additional patients were identified from the pathology consultation and autopsy files. All available renal tumors were further characterized using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Clinicopathologic features and follow-up were obtained from the medical record. The American Association for Cancer Research Project GENIE registry was accessed using cBioPortal for molecular profiling of angiomyolipoma (AML).ResultsA total of 276 renal tumors from 41 patients were analyzed. Renal tumors were classified into 9 distinct morphological subtypes, with AML predominating (238 [86%]). Interestingly, all these tumors acted in a benign fashion except one renal cell carcinoma with clear cells and fibromyomatous stroma and one epithelioid AML that metastasized. Molecular profiling studies revealed that epithelioid AMLs were enriched for alterations of TP53, RB1, and ATRX. Eight patients died of direct complications of TSC, including 3 of end-stage renal disease. To date, none have died of a renal epithelial neoplasm.ConclusionThe identification of unique renal neoplasia subtypes may provide important clues to establish a diagnosis of TSC, and in the somatic setting, this finding has important implications for accurate prognostication. These tumors tend to be indolent, and only 2 of 276 tumors in our study exhibited metastatic behavior. Our results support multidisciplinary management with a focus on preservation of renal function.     

左卡尼汀联合重组人促红素注射液治疗规律透析慢性肾功能衰竭合并贫血患者的临床效果

目的探究左卡尼汀联合重组人促红素注射液治疗规律透析慢性肾功能衰竭合并贫血患者的临床效果。方法选择2017年1月至2020年1月收治的100例规律透析慢性肾功能衰竭合并贫血患者,以计算机随机化法将其分为对照组和试验组,每组50例。对照组给予重组人促红素注射液治疗,试验组给予左卡尼汀与重组人促红素注射液联合治疗。比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果试验组的治疗总有效率为96.00%,高于对照组的80.00%(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者的MCHC、MCH、MCV、SF、Hb、RBC水平均高于治疗前,且试验组高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者的不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论规律透析慢性肾功能衰竭合并贫血患者接受左卡尼汀与重组人促红素注射液联合治疗,可获得较好的效果,改善贫血相关生化指标水平,且不良反应发生率低,安全有效。