腕舟状骨疲劳骨折3例

疲劳骨折亦称行军骨折，多发生在下肢骨骼，发生在第2、3跖骨、胫骨、股骨颈等部位的疲劳骨折已不少见，但是发生在上肢的疲劳骨折尚不多见。自2002年以来，发现3例腕舟骨疲劳骨折，现报告如下。     

Russe手术治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折

目的　评价应用 Russe手术治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折的临床效果。　方法　对 1987年 1月～ 1999年2月手术治疗的 11例患者进行随访、评定。其中男 9例 ,女 2例 ,年龄 19～ 2 4岁。优势手 10例。术前病程 3～ 10个月 ,均有外伤史、腕痛、活动受限及握力减弱。X线片示腕舟骨腰部横形骨折 10例 ,近 1/ 3骨折 1例 ;5例呈囊性变和硬化 ,2例骨折近侧骨块密度增高。　结果　 11例获 15个月～ 9年随访 ,平均 5年 7个月。骨折均愈合 ,愈合时间为术后 2～ 5个月 ,平均 3.1个月 ,腕关节掌屈、背伸、桡偏和尺偏的平均活动度分别为 4 1.2°、4 0 .5°、8.7°和 15 .4°,分别达到健侧的6 8.3%、6 7.5 %、4 3.5 %和 5 1.3%。患侧握力平均达到健侧的 82 .9% ,腕部疼痛消失。　结论　 Russe手术是治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折的一种简便有效的方法。     

应用可吸收螺钉内固定治疗陈旧性腕舟状骨骨折骨不连

腕舟状骨骨折是常见的腕部骨折之一，不稳定腕舟骨骨折治疗后发生骨不连者高达46％～55％。应用可吸收螺钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折骨不连报道不多。1998年1月～2003年7月，我们应用可吸收螺钉治疗陈旧性腕舟状骨骨折骨不连13例，疗效满意。     

不同干预措施治疗腕舟骨骨折的网状Meta分析

目的采用网状Meta分析系统评价石膏固定、空心螺钉、Herbert螺钉、克氏针固定四种干预措施治疗腕舟骨骨折的疗效。方法检索建库至2019年12月31日的PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane Library、Glinical Trial、中国学术期刊网络出版总库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBMdisc)、维普科技期刊数据库(VIP)、万方医学网等数据库所收录的腕舟骨骨折治疗随机对照试验,采用Stata 16.0对符合纳入标准的文献数据进行网状Meta分析及作图。结果纳入16篇文献,参与研究患者1193例。经网状Meta分析结果表明,治疗有效率方面,空心螺钉、Herbert螺钉、克氏针三种干预措施疗效均优于石膏固定,愈合时间均短于石膏固定。结论治疗腕舟骨骨折有效率、愈合时间SUCRA排序均为空心螺钉>Herbert螺钉>克氏针>石膏固定,因此空心螺钉成为最佳治疗措施的可能性最大。     

An inception cohort analysis to predict nonunion in tibia and 17 other fracture locations

IntroductionThe epidemiology of fracture nonunion has been characterized so it is potentially possible to predict nonunion using patient-related risk factors. However, prediction models are currently too cumbersome to be useful. We test a hypothesis that nonunion can be predicted with ≤10 variables, retaining the predictive accuracy of a full model with 42 variables.MethodsWe sought to predict nonunion with prospectively-acquired inception cohort data for 18 different bones, using the smallest possible number of variables that did not substantially decrease prediction accuracy. An American nationwide claims database of ∼90.1 million participants was used, which included medical and drug expenses for 2011–2012. Continuous enrollment was required for 12 months after fracture, to allow sufficient time to capture a nonunion diagnosis. Health claims were evaluated for 309,330 fractures. A training dataset used a random subset of 2/3 of these fractures, while the remaining fractures formed a validation dataset. Multivariate logistic regression and stepwise logistic regression were used to identify variables predictive of nonunion. P value and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) were used to select variables for reduced models. Area-under-the-curve (AUC) was calculated to characterize the success of prediction.ResultsNonunion rate in 18 fracture locations averaged 4.93%. Algorithms to predict nonunion in 18 locations in the full-model validation set had average AUC = 0.680 (±0.034). In the reduced models, average validation set AUC = 0.680 (±0.033) and the average number of risk factors required for prediction was 7.6. There was agreement across training set, validation set, and reduced set; in tibia, reduced model validation AUC = 0.703, while the full-model validation AUC = 0.709. Certain risk factors were important for predicting nonunion in ≥10 bones, including open fracture, multiple fracture, osteoarthritis, surgical treatment, and use of certain medications, including anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, or analgesics.DiscussionNonunion can be predicted in 18 fracture locations using parsimonious models with <10 patient demography-related risk factors. The model reduction approach used results in simplified models that have nearly the same AUC as the full model. Reduced algorithms can predict nonunion because risk factors important in the full models remain important in the reduced models. This prognostic inception cohort study provides Level I evidence.     

Scaphoid fracture geometrics: an assessment of location and orientation

The location and angle of scaphoid fractures are important attributes which guide management. We used a 3 dimensional scaphoid model, generated from CT scans, to map scaphoid fracture planes. The point at which the fracture plane crossed the central axis of the scaphoid was noted. The angle of the fracture planes with regard to the central axis was also noted. This allowed calculation of the location of the fracture and the angle of the 379 fractures. The mean point of intersection for fractures with the scaphoid axis was 50% along the scaphoid. Sixty percent of all fractures were found around the central 20% of the scaphoid. The mean angle between the scaphoid axis and the fracture plane was 63 degrees). On comparing angle with location, as fractures move away from the scaphoid waist, they become less perpendicular to the scaphoid axis (p?p?p?p?=?.018). There was no link between fracture plane angles and age, sex and union status. Most fractures occur at the centre of the scaphoid. There is a link between the location and angle of scaphoid fractures. It also identifies older patients and males are more likely to have more proximal scaphoid fractures.     

Comparison of scattered entrance skin dose burden in MSCT,CBCT, and X-ray for suspected scaphoid injury: Regional dose measurements in a phantom model

IntroductionScaphoid radiography has poor sensitivity for acute fracture detection and often requires repeat delayed imaging. Although magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is considered the gold standard, computed tomography (CT) is often used as an alternative due to ease of access. Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) offers equivalent diagnostic efficacy to Multi Slice CT (MSCT) at reduced dose. We aimed to establish the difference in scattered dose between modalities for scaphoid imaging.MethodsAnatomical regional entrance surface dose measurements were taken at 3 regions on an anthropomorphic torso phantom positioned as a patient to a wrist phantom undergoing scaphoid imaging for three modalities (CBCT, MSCT, four-view projection radiography). Exposure factors were based on audit of clinical exposures. Each dose measurement was repeated three times per anatomical region, modality, exposure setting and projection.ResultsUnder unpaired T-test CBCT gave significantly lower mean dose at the neck (1.64 vs 18 mGy), chest (2.78 vs 8.01) and abdomen (1.288 vs 2.93) than MSCT (p < .0001). However CBCT had significantly higher mean dose than four-view radiography at the neck, chest and abdomen (0.031, 0.035, and 0.021 mGy) (p < .0001).ConclusionCBCT of the wrist carries a significantly higher scattered radiation dose to the neck, chest and abdomen than four view scaphoid radiography, but significantly lower scattered dose than MSCT of the wrist of equivalent diagnostic value.Implications for practiceThe use of CBCT for scaphoid injury carries significantly lower scattered dose to radio-sensitive structures investigated here than equivalent MSCT, and may be of greater use as an early cross-sectional investigation for suspected scaphoid fracture.     

1、2伸肌间室支持带上动脉桡骨瓣治疗舟骨骨不连的数字解剖及疗效分析

目的　探讨1、2伸肌间室支持带上动脉（the first and second intercompartmental supraretinacular artery,1,2 ICSRA）桡骨瓣治疗舟骨骨不连的可行性及疗效。 方法　收集47例正常人腕关节CT数据,分别测量桡骨茎突尖端到舟骨长轴近极及远极距离,并与1,2 ICRSA血管蒂的长度进行对比,分析1,2 ICSRA桡骨瓣治疗舟骨骨不连的可行性。对23例舟骨骨不连患者实施1,2 ICSRA桡骨瓣结合Herbert钉内固定手术治疗,随访患者骨折愈合情况;采用Cooney腕关节评分评估患者局部症状和功能。 结果　桡骨茎突尖端到舟骨长轴近极和远极距离分别为（15.66±1.89）mm和（17.07±1.60）mm,均小于1,2 ICSRA血管蒂长度。23例患者术后舟骨均获得愈合;随访时间（51.08±11.30）月,末次随访时21例患者腕关节疼痛感消失,2例患者重体力劳动时有轻微疼痛,但症状较术前得到明显改善;Cooney腕关节评分优20例,良3例,从术前（62.39±7.21）分提高至术后（92.39±4.23）分,差异有统计学意义（t=17.213,P=0）。 结论　1,2 ICSRA桡骨瓣长度足以覆盖舟骨任何部位,该方法治疗舟骨骨不连具备可行性且疗效肯定。     

Comparison of conventional radiography and MDCT in suspected scaphoid fractures

AIM: To determine the diagnostic accuracy and radiation dose of conventional radiography and multidetector computed tomography(MDCT) in suspected scaphoid fractures.METHODS: One hundred twenty-four consecutive patients were enrolled in our study who had suffered from a wrist trauma and showed typical clinical symptoms suspicious of an acute scaphoid fracture. All patients had initially undergone conventional radiography. Subsequent MDCT was performed within 10 d because of persisting clinical symptoms. Using the MDCT data as the reference standard, a fourfold table was used to classify the test results. The effective dose and impaired energy were assessed in order to compare the radiation burden of the two techniques. The Wilcoxon test was performed to compare the two diagnostic modalities.RESULTS: Conventional radiography showed 34 acute fractures of the scaphoid in 124 patients(42.2%). Subsequent MDCT revealed a total of 42 scaphoid fractures. The sensitivity of conventional radiography for scaphoid fracture detection was 42.8% and its specificity was 80% resulting in an overall accuracy of 59.6%. Conventional radiography was significantly inferior to MDCT(P < 0.01) concerning scaphoidfracture detection. The mean effective dose of MDCT was 0.1 m Sv compared to 0.002 m Sv of conventional radiography.CONCLUSION: Conventional radiography is insufficient for accurate scaphoid fracture detection. Regarding the almost negligible effective dose, MDCT should serve as the first imaging modality in wrist trauma.