典型地区慢性病管理的主要做法及成效*

在慢性非传染性疾病管理方面，我国一些典型地区在组织管理、服务流程、服务方式、信息互联互通等方面均进行了积极探索，并取得了较好成效。其中，高血压、糖尿病管理人群血压或血糖控制率较高，规范管理人群控制效果明显高于总体人群。调研发现的问题是，部分地区慢性非传染性疾病管理人群就医费用水平较低，甚至有下降趋势。     

Feasibility,acceptability and preliminary impact of mindfulness-based yoga among Hispanic/Latinx adolescents

Background: The Hispanic/Latinx population constitutes the fastest growing ethnic/racial minority group in the United States (U.S.). Compared to their non-Hispanic/Latinx White counterparts, Hispanic/Latinx youth experience more depression and anxiety, and have more unmet mental health needs (88% vs 76%). Emerging research supports the psychological and physical benefits of mind-body awareness training to enhance well-being and mental health, but almost no studies have recruited ethnic/racial minority samples. Purpose: The current study examined the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary impact of a mindfulness-based yoga program among Hispanic/Latinx public high school students. Procedures: Participants (N = 187) were recruited from a local public high school in a large multi-ethnic urban school district in the Southeast U.S. and participated in 6 weekly hour-long sessions of mindfulness-based yoga. Participants completed assessments at pretest and one month after program completion. Main Findings: The sample was predominantly Hispanic/Latinx (95%) and female (64%), on average 15.2 years old (SD = 1.3), and 51% were born outside the U.S. Participants reported on average a 14.2% reduction in depressive symptoms (pretest mean = 5.51, posttest mean = 4.73, p = .032, Cohen's d = 0.2), a 14.9% reduction in anxiety symptoms (pretest mean = 9.90, posttest mean = 8.42, p = .005, Cohen's d = 0.2), and a 21.9% reduction in stress (pretest mean = 9.66, posttest mean = 7.54, p < .001, Cohen's d = 0.5). Conclusion: These findings provide support for the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based yoga program for Hispanic/Latinx adolescents, a medically underrepresented group experiencing significant mental health disparities.     

2型糖尿病患者扫描式葡萄糖监测系统指标与尿白蛋白/肌酐比值的相关性研究

背景 随着血糖监测技术的发展，近些年来人们开始使用扫描式葡萄糖监测系统（FGMS）"全景式"地观察2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的血糖水平，明确FGMS指标与T2DM并发症之间的关系有助于提高其临床应用价值，但目前相关研究较少。 目的 探究佩戴FGMS的T2DM患者葡萄糖在目标范围内时间（TIR）等指标与尿白蛋白/肌酐比值（UACR）的相关性。 方法 选取2019年1月至2021年10月于北京大学人民医院老年科就诊并佩戴FGMS的T2DM患者79例，以尿液检查中UACR是否<30 mg/g将患者分为无白蛋白尿组（n=50）和白蛋白尿组（n=29）。比较两组患者的临床特征、实验室检查指标及FGMS指标等。采用Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关分析探讨TIR、高血糖时间（TAR）与糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）的相关性。分别采用Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关、偏相关分析探讨FGMS指标与lnUACR的相关性。使用多因素Logistic回归分析探究T2DM患者发生白蛋白尿的影响因素，采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估TIR对白蛋白尿的预测价值。 结果 白蛋白尿组T2DM病程长于无白蛋白尿组，三酰甘油（TG）、HbA1c、平均血糖（MBG）、TAR、平均血糖标准差（SDBG）、最大葡萄糖波动幅度（LAGE）、平均葡萄糖波动幅度（MAGE）、连续每隔2 h血糖净作用（CONGA2）高于无白蛋白尿组，TIR低于无白蛋白尿组（P<0.05）。Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关分析结果显示，TIR与HbA1c呈负相关（P<0.001），TAR与HbA1c呈正相关（P<0.001）。Pearson相关、Spearman秩相关、偏相关分析结果均表明，TIR与lnUACR呈负相关（P<0.001），MBG、TAR、SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、CONGA2与lnUACR呈正相关（P<0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，TIR>70%〔OR=0.038，95%CI（0.003，0.467）〕是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的保护因素（P<0.05），TAR升高〔OR=1.046，95%CI（1.000，1.094）〕是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的危险因素（P<0.05）。TIR预测T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.784〔95%CI（0.674，0.894）〕（P=0.003），灵敏度为78%，特异度为83%，最佳切点为69.71%。 结论 在FGMS指标中，TIR>70%是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的保护因素，TAR升高是T2DM患者出现白蛋白尿的危险因素。同时，SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、CONGA2等多种反映血糖波动的指标也与UACR密切相关。对TIR水平较低及TAR、SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、CONGA2水平较高的T2DM患者进行FGMS筛查有助于早期识别及预防白蛋白尿的发生、发展。     

The effect of salt-water bath in the management of treatment-related peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients receiving taxane and platinum-based treatment

ObjectivesIn a clinical setting, patients have been observed to complain of discomfort and to discontinue treatment because of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. This experimental study was conducted to determine the effect of a salt-water bath in the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.MethodOne hundred and three patients who received taxane and platinum-based chemotherapy due to cancer and developed peripheral neuropathy associated with the treatment between December 2018 and June 2020 were included in the study. The patients were assigned to the control and experimental groups (1-warm salt-water and 2-cold salt-water) following the randomization checklist. While control groups did not receive any interventions, the patients in the salt-water group were asked to apply warm (41 °C) or cold-water (23–26 °C) baths to their hands/feet for 30 min every other day for 14 days. The data were collected at the beginning of the study and at the end of its first and second weeks using the Patient Information Form and National Cancer Institute (NCI)-CTCAE v5.0 toxicity criteria as well as the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 quality of life scales.ResultsThe patients had a mean age of 55.6 ± 10.3, and most of them were treated following a breast cancer diagnosis. At the beginning of the study, Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy severity and quality of life scores of the cold/warm salt-water and control groups were similar. Due to repeated follow-ups, it was determined that the peripheral neuropathy severity decreased and the quality of life scores increased statistically significantly in the patients in the cold salt-water bath group compared to the control group.ConclusionThis study's results suggest that a cold salt-water bath can be an effective approach in managing the development of peripheral neuropathy due to taxane and platinum-based treatment.     

全国名中医丁书文益气活血解毒法治疗心房颤动的处方用药规律挖掘＊

目的 丁书文教授创新性地提出了心系疾病热毒学说，运用益气活血解毒法治疗房颤疗效显著。本研究以丁教授多年的处方数据为基础，探讨丁教授益气活血解毒法治疗房颤的用药规律。方法 收集来自山东中医药大学附属医院门诊系统的丁书文教授处方数据，筛选出治疗房颤的372个处方，采用关联规则、点式互信息、复杂网络等数据挖掘方法对丁教授的药物配伍和处方进行分析。结果 本研究利用复杂网络分析方法获得了丁教授治疗房颤的核心处方，提示益气活血解毒法是其主要治则治法；利用处方相似性和社团分析方法，获得15组类方，其中3种类方与丁教授总结的三大治法高度符合；为探寻丁教授清热解毒配伍特点，结合关联规则和点式互信息算法，获得了10个丁教授清热解毒配伍药对。结论 数据挖掘技术提供了名医处方数据分析与提炼的可行方法，对丁教授经验的传承和临床应用提供直接可靠的依据。     

新生儿重症监护室护士经历道德困扰体验的现象学研究

目的了解新生儿重症监护室护士经历道德困扰的心理体验及应对方式。方法采用现象学研究方法,对14名新生儿重症监护室护士进行一对一的半结构式访谈,访谈内容根据Colaizzi的资料分析方法进行整理、提炼主题。结果新生儿重症监护室护士经历道德困扰的心理体验包括:失落与气愤、伤心与难过、无力与受挫、麻木与淡漠;应对方式包括:被动接受、心理弹性、寻求措施。结论由于照护对象的特殊性,新生儿重症监护室护士产生道德困扰的情境较为复杂,易给护士带来消极情绪,但却很少受到管理者重视。今后应进一步探究减轻护士道德困扰的干预方法,以合理利用人力资源,提高护理质量。     

医药分开综合改革对公立医院药师队伍影响的调查

目的：研究公立医院药师队伍受医药分开综合改革的影响。方法：通过文献回顾法对既往研究成果进行整理和综述，通过专家咨询法设计了针对6个省市药师队伍和管理者的调查问卷和访谈提纲，并以此为工具开展调查。结果：改革对药师队伍的工作内容、工作量、工作心态等维度均存在影响，药师队伍对改革政策也有不同评价，对继续教育和医院、政府的支持政策有较大需求。结论：改革促使医疗机构运营策略与药学服务转型，不仅需要药师队伍内部提升，更需要外部设计。     

基于数据挖掘分析林慧娟教授诊治心系疾病的中药配伍研究＊

目的 收集并整理林慧娟教授多年诊治心系疾病临床处方资料，对林教授辨证诊治心系疾病的常用中药配伍规律进行深入分析与研究，总结其在治疗心系疾病方面的临床经验，为挖掘和继承名老中医学术经验提供借鉴与参考。方法 收集林慧娟教授于2011年1月-2019年6月在山东中医药大学附属医院门诊系统中的处方数据，筛选后保留10942个处方数据。采用频数分析、点式互信息、关联规则等数据挖掘分析方法对林教授临床处方数据资料进行药物配伍分析。总结林慧娟教授在诊治心系疾病的用药规律。结果 林教授在诊治心系疾病中，以高血压病、冠心病及心律失常患者较多，发现林教授共使用中药397味，并对中药频次进行排序，获得17对主要配伍药对，与林教授临床诊治心系疾病的经验高度吻合。结论 点式互信息、关联规则等数据挖掘分析方法可分析林慧娟教授治疗心系疾病得学术经验，为名中医传承研究提供服务。