某部新兵卫生防疫工作情况调查

目的了解新兵训练期间卫生防疫工作情况,查找新兵卫生防疫工作中存在的问题,提出解决办法,为下一步深入有效地开展新兵卫生防疫工作提供依据。方法采取查看资料,现场实地检查,与新兵座谈交流,卫生防病常识考试等方式,对新兵卫生防疫工作进行全面调查,并对结果进行总结。结果新兵卫生防疫工作存在医疗卫生保障相对薄弱,对群体性疾病发生防范措施不够完善,心理健康教育仍需要进一步加强,新兵训练组织实施需更加科学化、合理化。结论各新训单位应针对新兵特点、天气变化等,加强卫生医疗保障,增加心理健康教育内容,合理、科学安排训练,确保做好新兵卫生防疫工作。     

上海市2005—2013年学校突发公共卫生事件流行病学分析

[目的]分析上海市2005—2013年学校突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特征和变化趋势,为学校公共卫生事件防控工作提供参考。[方法]对上海市2005—2013年突发公共卫生事件监测系统报告的学校突发公共卫生事件,进行描述性流行病学分析。[结果]2005—2013年上海市共报告学校突发公共卫生事件215起,其中传染病事件182起（84.7%）,群体性预防接种反应事件18起（9.1%）,食物中毒事件15起（7.0%）。学校传染病突发公共卫生事件高峰在5月份、11和12月份,群体性预防接种反应事件只发生在9—10月份。不同事件在月份分布上的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。小学的突发公共卫生事件发生最多,水痘、流行性腮腺炎等呼吸道疾病是学校突发事件的主要疾病。[结论]2005—2013年上海市学校突发公共卫生事件的数量呈现先升后降的趋势,学校突发公共卫生事件以呼吸道疾病为主,主要发生在小学。     

北京市朝阳区输入性呼吸道传染病社区防控模式研究

目的 :从疾控中心传染病防控人员角度,回顾性评价既往北京市朝阳区输入性呼吸道传染病防控体系,为类似输入性呼吸道传染病区级防控策略制定提供依据。方法 :采用问卷调查和焦点小组访谈相结合的方法,对参与传染病相关工作人员进行问卷调查,对关键知情人进行焦点小组访谈,对朝阳区输入性呼吸道疫情防控培训、健康教育落实、人财物配备、病例及密切接触者管理、相关部门配合情况进行调查与讨论。结果 :朝阳区已基本建立和完善了输入性呼吸道传染病综合防控体系和网络,但有些具体的工作细节仍需调整。结论:朝阳区有能力有效应对输入性呼吸道传染病防控工作,应进一步明晰四方责任,调整内部工作机制,以更有效地应对可能出现的疫情。     

地震灾后卫生防疫机制的建立和实践

从云南省彝良县"9.7"震后卫生防疫现场应急处置中的经历,回顾、剖析和分析其特点,探索地震后卫生防疫应急机制和应对策略,为今后更好地应对此类自然灾害提供一些借鉴和经验。     

上海市区两级疾病预防控制机构薪酬激励模型研究

提出在市区两级疾病预防控制中心现行的收入分配体系存在的问题包括政府拨款不足、缺乏以岗位职责为核心的收入分配机制、尚未建立与薪酬激励挂钩的绩效考核体系、缺乏与国内生产总值(GDP)、居民消费价格指数(CPI)挂钩的薪酬增长机制,探索收入分配的影响因素并构建薪酬激励模型,为收入分配制度改革和政策制定提供依据和参考。     

净水运水车设计研究

目的：针对西藏自治区突发急性传染病防控系统装备野外作业对洁净水的需求,研制能够对野外江河湖水进行净化的净水运水车,使其能够实施快速饮用水和工作用水保障。方法：在分析西藏疾控装备系统用水需求的基础上,通过净水机组、储水罐、车厢及车辆系统模块化设计和综合集成,使净水运水车实现净水与快速储运的功能。结果：净水运水车具有较好的对野外江河湖水进行实时净化的能力,并能够适应越野运输和公路运输．具有较强的运输能力。结论：净水运水车水质净化效果达到饮用水标准要求,能为疾控队伍及装备工作、生活和饮用水提供保障．对提高西藏高原高寒地区传染病防控队伍的防控能力以及应对公共卫生突发事件的快速反应能力和应急处置的能力具有重要意义。     

儿童眼外伤的预防对策及急救处理（综述）

目的通过分析儿童眼外伤发生,总结如何预防儿童眼外伤的发生及发生意外后的自救方法。方法增强家庭、学校及社会等对儿童眼睛防护重要性和安全知识的认知度,熟练掌握眼外伤后应急处理能力。加强儿童对眼的自我保护意识和分析安全危险事物的判断能力。结果儿童眼外伤发生显著降低,减轻外伤对眼球、视功能受损程度。结论儿童眼外伤要以家庭、学校及社会预防为主,教育儿童认知安全、远离危险。正确的急救处理和儿童的配合程度对外伤后眼睛预后非常重要,能最大限度地挽救儿童视力。     

Community-based falls prevention: lessons from an Interprofessional Mobility Clinic

Falls are a common and serious risk with an aging population. Chiropractors commonly see firsthand the effects of falls and resulting injuries in their senior patients and they can reduce falls risk through active screening. Ongoing research has provided proven approaches for making falls less likely. Screening for falls should be done yearly for all patients 65 years and older or in those with a predisposing medical condition. Additional specific falls prevention professional education would enable the chiropractor to best assist these patients. Collaboration and communication with the patient’s family physician offers an opportunity for improved interprofessional dialogue to enhance patient care related to falls risk. Frequently falls prevention strategies are implemented by an interprofessional team. Chiropractors increasingly contribute within multidisciplinary teams. Collaboration by the chiropractor requires both simple screening and knowledge of health care system navigation. Such awareness can permit optimal participation in the care of their patient and the best outcome.     

Predicting in-hospital death among patients injured in traffic crashes in Saudi Arabia

IntroductionTraffic-related injuries are a major cause of premature death in developing countries. Saudi Arabia has struggled with high rates of traffic-related deaths for decades, yet little is known about health outcomes of motor vehicle victims seeking medical care. This study aims to develop and validate a model to predict in-hospital death among patients admitted to a large-urban trauma centre in Saudi Arabia for treatment following traffic-related crashes.MethodsThe analysis used data from King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. During the study period 2001–2010, 5325 patients met the inclusion criteria of being injured in traffic crashes and seen in the Emergency Department (ED) and/or admitted to the hospital. Backward stepwise logistic regression, with in-hospital death as the outcome, was performed. Variables with p < 0.05 were included in the final model. The Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) was employed to identify the most parsimonious model. Model discrimination was evaluated by the C-statistic and calibration by the Hosmer–Lemeshow Goodness of Fit statistic. Bootstrapping was used to assess overestimation of model performance and obtain a corrected C-statistic.Results457 (8.5%) patients died at some time during their treatment in the ED or hospital. Older age, the Triage-Revised Trauma Scale (T-RTS), and Injury Severity Score were independent risk factors for in-hospital death: T-RTS was best modelled with linear and quadratic terms to capture a flattening of the relationship to death in the more severe range. The model showed excellent discrimination (C-statistic = 0.96) and calibration (H–L statistic 4.29 [p > 0.05]). Internal bootstrap validation gave similar results (C-statistic = 0.96).ConclusionsThe proposed model can predict in-hospital death accurately. It can facilitate the triage process among injured patients, and identify unexpected deaths in order to address potential pitfalls in the care process. Conversely, by identifying high-risk patients, strategies can be developed to improve trauma care for these patients and reduce case-fatality. This is the first study to develop and validate a model to predict traffic-related mortality in a developing country. Future studies from developing countries can use this study as a reference for case fatality achievable for different risk profiles at a well-equipped trauma centre.     

改良Hardinge入路全髋置换在双下肢等长控制中的应用

目的评价改良Hardinge入路全髋置换在双下肢等长控制中的应用效果。方法对行改良Hardinge入路全髋置换及术中用自创等长测量方法进行双下肢等长控制并获1年以上随访的100例患者进行总结,采用Harris标准对髋关节功能进行评定。结果 100例患者均获随访,时间12~60(26±2.1)个月。Harris评分:优92例,良7例,可1例,优良率99%。下肢等长95例,下肢不等长在0.3~0.5 cm之间3例,相差0.6cm1例,相差0.8 cm 1例。结论该入路暴露好,假体安装定位好,因术中下肢基本处于标准侧卧位,易于控制下肢长度,特别适用自创的术中精确测量调控双下肢等长的手术方法,可减少因体位原因导致的误差,术后外展肌恢复快,总体恢复良好。