膀胱全切回肠原位代膀胱15例疗效观察

目的评价膀胱全切除回肠原位代膀胱术的效果.方法回顾分析1999年8月至2005年3月膀胱肿瘤行膀胱全切原位回肠代膀胱术15例的临床资料. 结果所有病人均得到随访2个月～67个月,平均20个月,患者除1例外均无瘤存活.手术时间7～9 h,平均8 h,术中出血800～1 100 ml;平均960 ml;代膀胱容量平均300 ml;最大尿流率平均15 ml·s-1;剩余尿平均26 ml.代膀胱排尿状态良好,有一定的并发症出现值得注意.结论膀胱全切回肠原位代膀胱手术具有膀胱容量大,内压低,正位排尿,可控性能好等优点,是一种较理想的膀胱替代术式.     

22q11.2 duplications in a UK cohort with bladder exstrophy–epispadias complex

The bladder exstrophy–epispadias complex (BEEC) comprises of a spectrum of anterior midline defects, all affecting the lower urinary tract, the external genitalia, and the bony pelvis. In extreme cases, the gastrointestinal tract is also affected. The pathogenesis of BEEC is unclear but chromosomal aberrations have been reported. In particular, duplications of 22q11.2 have been identified in eight unrelated individuals with BEEC. The current study aimed to identify chromosomal copy number variants in BEEC. Analyses was performed using the Affymetrix Genome‐wide SNP6.0 assay in 92 unrelated patients cared for by two UK pediatric urology centers. Three individuals had a 22q11.2 duplication, a significantly higher number than that found in a control group of 12,500 individuals with developmental delay who had undergone microarray testing (p < .0001). Sequencing of CRKL, implicated in renal tract malformations in DiGeorge syndrome critical region at 22q11, in 89 individuals with BEEC lacking 22q11 duplications revealed no pathogenic variants. To date, 22q11.2 duplication is the genetic variant most commonly associated with BEEC. This is consistent with the hypothesis that altered expression of a single, yet to be defined, gene therein is critical to the pathogenesis of this potentially devastating congenital disorder.     

Recent Advances in Pathology: the 2019 Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology

In this Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology, we present 15 invited reviews on topical aspects of pathology, ranging from the impacts of the microbiome in human disease through mechanisms of cell death and autophagy to recent advances in immunity and the uses of genomics for understanding, classifying and treating human cancers. Each of the reviews is authored by experts in their fields and our intention is to provide comprehensive updates in specific areas of pathology in which there has been considerable recent progress. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

YWHAZ amplification/overexpression defines aggressive bladder cancer and contributes to chemo-/radio-resistance by suppressing caspase-mediated apoptosis

The objective of this study was to characterize the oncogenic actions of a recently identified cancer-associated gene YWHAZ (also named as 14-3-3 ζ/δ) in urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder (UCUB). A genome-wide study revealed YWHAZ to be involved in the amplicon at 8q22.3, and its genetic amplification was detected predominantly in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the association of YWHAZ overexpression with higher tumor stages, lymph node/vascular invasion, and mitotic activity. Univariate and multivariate analyses further indicated the prognostic potential of YWHAZ for more aggressive cancer types. Both gene set enrichment analysis and STRING network studies suggested involvement of YWHAZ in regulating caspase-mediated apoptosis. Ectopic expression of YWHAZ in bladder cells with low endogenous YWHAZ levels boosted cell resistance to doxorubicin and cisplatin, as well as to ionizing radiation. Conversely, YWHAZ-knockdown using specific shRNA in cells with high endogenous YWHAZ levels diminished survival activity, suppressing cell growth and increasing cell death. Our findings confirm the essential role played by YWHAZ in sustaining cell proliferation during chemo/radiotherapy. Treatments based on anti-YWHAZ strategies may thus be beneficial for UCUB patients overexpressing YWHAZ. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.     

屈他维林联合托特罗定治疗经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱痉挛的疗效观察

目的探讨屈他维林联合托特罗定治疗经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱痉挛的临床疗效。方法选取2016年6月—2017年6月在河北省沧州中西医结合医院治疗的经尿道前列腺电切术后后膀胱痉挛患者82例,随机将患者分为对照组(41例)和治疗组(41例)。对照组口服酒石酸托特罗定片,2 mg/次,2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服盐酸屈他维林片,80 mg/次,3次/d。两组均在拔出尿管3 d后停药。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者膀胱痉挛次数和持续时间以及膀胱过度活动症评分(OABSS)评分、膀胱状况感知量表(PPBC)评分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分和生活质量(QOL)评分。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组临床有效率分别为80.49%和97.56%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗2、3 d后,两组膀胱痉挛次数和持续时间均较治疗前显著减少,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组膀胱痉挛次数和持续时间比同时期对照组均显著减少,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者OABSS评分、PPBC评分、VAS评分和QOL评分均明显降低;同组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组上述相关评分明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论屈他维林联合托特罗定治疗经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱痉挛可显著改善患者临床症状,减轻患者疼痛,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

论厥阴病

厥阴为人体阴阳之气交替转换的阶段,可以将其概括为:两阴交尽,谓之厥阴;阴极阳生,极而复返,这是厥阴的生理。厥阴病是伤寒最后的厥证阶段。外感病的发生是从太阳开始的,因为太阳主表,外邪不经太阳则无由进入人体;外感病的死亡则在厥阴,因为厥阴是人体阴阳之气交替转换的阶段,厥阴病乃人体阴阳之气不能正常交替,即所谓"阴阳气不相顺接",阴阳气不相顺接的临床特征就是"厥","阴阳气不相顺接"的再发展就是"阴阳离决",即死亡。厥阴病篇讨论了很多种厥,但厥阴病主要是热厥和寒厥,厥阴病是从热厥开始的,其他的厥是为了和厥阴病鉴别。另外,要强调一点的是,如果厥阴病讨论的是厥,则326条不能作为厥阴病的提纲,因为这条原文并没有揭示厥阴病的本质特征,与之相关联的是,乌梅丸不是厥阴病的主方。     

肿瘤专科护士对化疗所致恶心呕吐的护理效果分析

目的:探讨肿瘤专科护士对化疗所致恶心呕吐护理的效果。方法:将膀胱癌患者100例采用数字表法分为观察组与对照组各50例,2组患者均给予常规化疗3个月;对照组在化疗期间给予常规护理,观察组在对照组护理的基础上由肿瘤专科护士进行主动服务护理模式干预。结果:观察组化疗3天与7天患者的恶心呕吐评分分别为(1.04±0.34)分和(1.21±0.45)分,明显低于对照组的(2.02±0.34)分和(2.12±0.29)分(P0.05)。观察组患者的生理功能、社会功能、生理职能明显高于对照组,躯体疼痛评分低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:肿瘤专科护士在膀胱癌患者化疗期间的护理能有效缓解患者恶心、呕吐状况,从而提高患者的生活质量。     

The effect of electroacupuncture on the protein expression levels of Cyt-C,Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in the bladder tissue of rats with neurogenic bladder after suprasacral spinal cord injury

Objective

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture on the morphological change of the bladder tissue and the protein expression levels of cytochrome C, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in the bladder tissue of rats with neurogenic bladder after suprasacral spinal cord injury, and to preliminarily explore its partial mechanism of action.

敲低ALKBH3对膀胱癌细胞生长、迁移与肿瘤血管生成的抑制作用及其机制

探讨敲低烷基化修复同源体3（ALKBH3）对膀胱癌细胞生长、迁移与肿瘤血管生成的影响,并阐明其相关机制。     

膀胱癌合并糖尿病患者的临床病理特点分析

目的:分析膀胱癌合并糖尿病患者的临床病理特点,为膀胱癌的临床诊疗提供一定参考.方法:回顾性收集2014年1月至2019年2月于空军军医大学第一附属医院泌尿外科手术治疗的原发性尿路上皮膀胱癌的患者资料,将合并糖尿病的患者列为糖尿病组(DM组),未合并糖尿病的患者列为非糖尿病组(No-DM组),对患者的临床和病理特征展开分析.结果:DM组患者的年龄和高血压比例高于No-DM组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),2组患者性别、教育程度、吸烟、饮酒、体质指数、主诉症状、病程长短、泌尿系感染和前列腺增生等临床特征的构成比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).2组患者肿瘤分级的构成比差异有统计学意义(P=0.007),DM组高级别癌所占比例(52.8％)高于No-DM组(34.2％);2组肿瘤分期、肿瘤数量和肿瘤大小的构成比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄(P＜0.05)、病程(P=0.045)和糖尿病(P=0.026)是膀胱癌恶性程度分级的独立影响因素,而性别、吸烟、饮酒、高血压和体质指数对膀胱癌恶性程度分级的影响无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:年龄、病程、糖尿病是膀胱癌病理分级的独立影响因素,临床上关注膀胱癌合并糖尿病患者的诊疗特点,对改善其预后有一定的积极意义.