腔内泌尿外科的现状与发展

上个世纪 70年代以来 ,随着现代电子学技术和现代光学技术的发展 ,泌尿外科诊断和治疗的模式发生了很大变化 ,使得泌尿外科一些常规的诊断和治疗方法更多地转变为利用内窥镜进行操作 ,从而形成了腔内泌尿外科学。北京大学泌尿外科研究所统计数据表明 ,2 0 0 3年北京大学泌尿外科研究所70 %的手术是由腔内技术完成的。本文从以下五个方面介绍腔内泌尿外科的近况及进展。一、利用内窥镜对下尿路的疾病进行诊断和治疗既往一般采用开放性手术治疗的下尿路疾病如膀胱肿瘤、前列腺增生、尿道狭窄、膀胱结石等 ,现在基本可以经尿道由腔内泌尿外科的…     

血压波动性增高引起的器官损伤

研究去窦弓神经大鼠的血压，血压波动性和器官损伤及它们之间的相互关系。方法：应用计算机化清醒自由活动大鼠动力学监测技术对３２周龄的ＳＡＤ大鼠进行２４ｈ动态血压监测。数据经计算实时和脱机分析后得到２４ｈ血压，收缩压波动性，舒张压波动性等参数。将动物处死，取心脏，肾脏，大脑等器官病理切片，分别行一般和特殊染色。     

抗高血压药物对血压波动性的影响

抗高血压药物对血压波动性的影响龚侃，朱铨英，苏定冯（上海第二军医大学基础部药理学教研室上海２００４３３）血压不是恒定的，而是在一定范围内波动的。自６０年代以来，随着血压监测仪器的发展，出现了血压波动性（Ｂｌｏｏｄｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙ...     

B7-1(CD80)基因修饰的自身肿瘤细胞疫苗与全身作用白介素-2联合用于转移性肾癌患者的一期临床试验

免疫系统无法抑制肿瘤的一个原因是当Ｔ细胞遇到肿瘤细胞表面的肿瘤抗原派生肽时 ,因为肿瘤细胞不表达Ｔ细胞联合刺激分子 ,如Ｂ7 1 (ＣＤ80 ) ,所以Ｔ细胞对肿瘤细胞处于耐受状态而不被激活。在肿瘤细胞表面表达Ｂ7 1的临床前模型显示 ,能杀灭瘤细胞的Ｔ细胞被激活了。为了验证这一进展 ,作者对转移性肾癌患者进行了一期临床试验。将 1 5例肿瘤组织分别在组织培养基中进行培养 ,并导入了Ｂ7 1基因 ,然后以接种疫苗的方式进行皮下注射。病人分为 3组 ,疫苗剂量逐渐增加 ,全身应用ＩＬ 2以增强由疫苗激活的Ｔ细胞增殖。 1 5例病人中有 9个可…     

“十一五”期间北京大学第一医院国家自然科学基金项目资助情况及管理方法探讨

“十一五”期间,北京大学第一医院的国家自然科学基金在获批经费、项目类型方面均有长足的进步.本文对医院“十一五”期间自然基金申请和资助情况进行了统计分析,并对医院基金的管理方法进行总结和展望,为大型综合医院自然基金的管理和发展提出建议.     

舒尼替尼治疗转移性肾癌的疗效和安全性分析:单中心37例总结

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sunitinib in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods A total of 37 patients with metastatic RCC were treated with between June 2008 and April 2010, including 28 males and 9 females. The median age was 52 (17-74) years. All patients received a pathologic diagnosis of RCC, which consisted of 1 papillary cell carcinoma and 36 clear cell carcinomas, 4 of which accompanied with partial sarcoma differentiation. Thirty cases were treated with first line therapy and 7 cases showed progression on first-line cytokine or sorafinib therapy. Sunitinib monotherapy was administered in repeated 6-week cycles of daily oral therapy for 4 weeks, followed by 2 weeks off in 34 patients, while another 3 patients received 37. 5 mg Qd continuously until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities occurred. Overall response rate and safety were evaluated. Results The median follow up was 12 months (8 cycles),range 1.5-19. 5 months (1-13 cycles). 26.5% (9/34) patients achieved partial responses, 70.6%(24/34) patients demonstrated stable disease over≥3 months and 1 (2. 9%) patient developed progressive disease. The objective response rate was 26.5%, and the disease control rate was 97. 1%.The 12 months' overall survival rate was 95.8% (23/24), and 12 months' progression-free survival rate was 62.5 % (15/24). The most common treatment-related adverse events were thrombocytopenia (30 cases, 81.1%), thyroid dysfunction (18/22, 81.8%) ,hand-foot syndrome (27 cases, 73.0%),neutropenia (23 cases, 62.2%) and hypertension (18 cases, 48.6%). The major grade 3 adverse events included thrombocytopenia (8 cases, 21.6%), hand-foot syndrome (4 cases, 10.8%) and diarrhea (2 cases, 5. 4%). Most adverse events were ameliorated by treatment interruption. Ten (27.0%) patients had dose decrement or drug discontinuation and 1 patient quit the treatment for intolerable fatigue. Conclusion The efficacy and manageable adverse event profile of sunitinib as a single agent in first- or second-line therapy for patients with metastatic RCC.     

老年高血压病患者红细胞变形能力与LPO、血浆SC5b-9水平的关系

目的 :探讨老年高血压病患者红细胞变形能力 （ED）变化与红细胞膜脂质过氧化物 （L PO）、血浆补体激活片段 （SC5 b- 9）浓度的关系。方法 :采用 DXC- 30 0 A型核孔膜红细胞变形能力测定仪 ,硫代巴比妥酸比色法和 EL ISA法 ,检测了 10 4例老年高血压病患者红细胞滤过指数 （EFI）、红细胞 L PO含量和 SC5 b- 9浓度的变化 ,并与对照组进行比较。结果 :老年高血压病患者 EFI,L PO,SC5 b- 9明显增高 ,与对照组的差异非常显著 （P<0 .0 1） ,且上述各项指标随病情严重程度增加而增高 （P<0 .0 1）。 EFI与 L PO,SC5 b- 9呈正相关 （r=0 .6 73,0 .72 6 ;P<0 .0 1）。结论 :老年高血压病患者 ED降低与红细胞 L PO和血浆 SC5 b- 9增高有密切关系     

舒尼替尼治疗转移性肾癌的疗效和安全性分析:单中心37例总结

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sunitinib in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods A total of 37 patients with metastatic RCC were treated with between June 2008 and April 2010, including 28 males and 9 females. The median age was 52 (17-74) years. All patients received a pathologic diagnosis of RCC, which consisted of 1 papillary cell carcinoma and 36 clear cell carcinomas, 4 of which accompanied with partial sarcoma differentiation. Thirty cases were treated with first line therapy and 7 cases showed progression on first-line cytokine or sorafinib therapy. Sunitinib monotherapy was administered in repeated 6-week cycles of daily oral therapy for 4 weeks, followed by 2 weeks off in 34 patients, while another 3 patients received 37. 5 mg Qd continuously until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities occurred. Overall response rate and safety were evaluated. Results The median follow up was 12 months (8 cycles),range 1.5-19. 5 months (1-13 cycles). 26.5% (9/34) patients achieved partial responses, 70.6%(24/34) patients demonstrated stable disease over≥3 months and 1 (2. 9%) patient developed progressive disease. The objective response rate was 26.5%, and the disease control rate was 97. 1%.The 12 months' overall survival rate was 95.8% (23/24), and 12 months' progression-free survival rate was 62.5 % (15/24). The most common treatment-related adverse events were thrombocytopenia (30 cases, 81.1%), thyroid dysfunction (18/22, 81.8%) ,hand-foot syndrome (27 cases, 73.0%),neutropenia (23 cases, 62.2%) and hypertension (18 cases, 48.6%). The major grade 3 adverse events included thrombocytopenia (8 cases, 21.6%), hand-foot syndrome (4 cases, 10.8%) and diarrhea (2 cases, 5. 4%). Most adverse events were ameliorated by treatment interruption. Ten (27.0%) patients had dose decrement or drug discontinuation and 1 patient quit the treatment for intolerable fatigue. Conclusion The efficacy and manageable adverse event profile of sunitinib as a single agent in first- or second-line therapy for patients with metastatic RCC.     

Arterial remodeling in chronic sinoaortic-denervated rats

The spontaneous variation of blood pressure is defined as“blood pressure variability”(BPV) .The chronic sinoaortic- den-ervated (SAD) rat is a m odel of high BPV without sustained hypertension.L ittle is known about vascular rem odeling in thismodel.In the present study,we examined blood pressure,vascular rem odeling,and aortic angiotensin concentration inchronic SAD rats in separate experiments.In experiment 1,intra- arterial blood pressure was continuously recorded in con-scious unre…