真武汤合苓桂术甘汤改善心肾综合征大鼠模型水钠潴留的作用机制研究

[目的]研究真武汤合苓桂术甘汤对心肾综合征大鼠模型水钠潴留的作用机制。[方法]将60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为两组,即空白组与手术组,空白组大鼠常规饲养,手术组大鼠经5/6肾切除联合异丙肾上腺素皮下注射制备心肾综合征模型,剔除死亡大鼠后,将手术组剩余成模大鼠按体质量分层随机分为空白组、中药组、常规治疗组。中药组给予真武汤合苓桂术甘汤灌胃,给药量为7.29 g生药/(kg·d);常规治疗组给予贝那普利(0.45 mg/kg)+呋塞米(1.8m g/kg);空白组予以等容积生理盐水灌胃,每日1次,连续6周。观察实验过程中各组大鼠的精神状态、活动情况、灵敏度、毛发情况、食欲、大小便等一般情况及死亡情况,比较各组灌胃前、灌胃6周后的血清脑钠肽(BNP)、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、尿水通道蛋白2(AQP2)的前后差值情况。[结果]灌胃6周后,中药组大鼠一般情况较灌胃前改善、喘息不明显,常规治疗组一般情况同样较灌胃前改善。通过比较治疗前后各组大鼠实验室指标差值发现,中药组与常规治疗组BNP均下降,中药改善大鼠心力衰竭情况接近常规治疗组水平,两组下降水平无统计学差异(P0.05);中药组Scr水平较前下降,常规治疗组Scr水平升高;中药组尿AQP2水平较前略增高,与空白组尿AQP2水平无统计学差异(P0.05),常规治疗组尿AQP2水平较前明显升高。[结论]心肾综合征大鼠尿AQP2的表达主要由肾脏调控,AQP2可作为心肾综合征水钠潴留状态的参考指标,真武汤合苓桂术甘汤改善心肾综合征大鼠水钠潴留状态的作用机制可能是通过抑制大鼠肾脏AQP2过度表达,减少水的重吸收,改善了水钠潴留状态。     

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术快速鉴定降香中化学成分

目的:降香为我国传统名贵中药材,然目前市场上降香来源品种复杂,质量差异较大,为进一步明确其药效物质基础,采用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间高分辨率质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)技术快速分析降香甲醇提取物中的化学成分。方法:采用UPLC RRHD SB-C18色谱柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL·min^-1,柱温40℃;采用电喷雾离子源,负离子模式采集数据。结果:通过一级精确荷质比和二级碎片信息数据,结合文献资料,质谱裂解规律,Mass bank质谱数据库及对照品的保留时间等,从降香的甲醇提取物中初步鉴定83个化学成分,包括18个黄酮类,31个异黄酮类,10个新黄酮类,9个异黄烷类,7个其他类型黄酮和8个其他类成分。结论:UPLCQ-TOF-MS/MS技术方法可快捷、准确、较全面地鉴定降香甲醇提取物中的化学成分,降香的主要化学成分为异黄酮、黄酮、新黄酮、异黄烷等黄酮类,为降香的药效物质基础研究奠定基础,也为降香药材的质量标准提升提供理论依据和技术支持。     

PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂对比常规疗法治疗癌症的有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的:系统性评价程序性死亡因子1/程序性死亡因子1配体(PD-1/PD-L1)抑制剂对比常规疗法治疗癌症的有效性和安全性。方法:计算机全面检索PubMed、MEDLINE、EMBASE数据库，收集PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗癌症的文献研究，检索时间为2000年1月1日至2019年6月30日。两位研究人员独立收集和整理资料，评价纳入文献研究的偏倚风险，应用Review Manager 5.3软件对纳入研究进行数据整理。结果:最终纳入11项随机对照试验，共6 295例研究对象，其中PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂试验组3 220例，常规疗法药物对照组3 075例。Meta分析结果显示，PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂试验组的客观反应率（ORR）［RR=1.87，95%CI（1.33，2.64），P＜0.001］、完全缓解率（CR）［RR=2.45，95%CI（1.27，4.73），P＜0.001］和部分缓解率（PR）［RR=1.81，95%CI（1.28，2.54），P＜0.001］优于常规疗法对照组，结果均有统计学差异；在疾病控制率（DCR）［RR=1.03，95%CI（0.89，1.20），P=0.65］和疾病进展率（PD）［RR=1.16，95%CI（0.95，1.40），P=0.14］方面，两组比较无统计学差异；而在疾病稳定率（SD）［RR=0.72，95%CI（0.63，0.82），P＜0.001］方面显示常规疗法对照组优于PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂试验组。药物安全性方面，不良反应发生率（AEs）［RR=0.96，95%CI（0.88，1.04），P=0.28］两组无统计学差异，但在3-5级不良反应发生率［RR=0.44，95%CI（0.28，0.68），P＜0.001］方面，PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂试验组明显低于常规疗法对照组。结论:PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂与常规疗法药物相比，可明显提高癌症患者临床治疗的ORR、CR和PR，且出现3-5级不良反应发生率更低，从而证实PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的有效性和安全性优于常规疗法。     

抗PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂的皮肤免疫相关不良反应的研究进展

随着免疫检查点抑制剂（immune checkpoint inhibitors，ICPI）在国内外临床试验和应用中的逐步推广，越来越多的患者从免疫治疗中获得显著的疗效。其中抗程序细胞死亡蛋白1（programmed death-1，PD-1）及其配体（PD-1 ligand，PD-L1）免疫检查点抑制剂已被美国食品药品管理局（FDA）批准用于恶性黑色素瘤、转移性鳞状非小细胞肺癌、晚期肾癌、头颈鳞状细胞癌、尿路上皮癌等肿瘤的治疗。但PD-1/PD-L1单抗也会引起免疫相关性皮肤、消化道、肝脏、内分泌、肺部等器官的不良反应，皮肤毒性如皮疹、白癜风、皮肤干燥症等是最常见也是最早发生的不良反应。     

Efficacy and Safety of the Modified EPOCH Regimen (Etoposide,Vincristine, Doxorubicin,Carboplatin, and Prednisolone) for Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

BackgroundWe retrospectively analyzed patients with untreated aggressive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma who received the modified EPOCH (mEPOCH) regimen.Patients and MethodsPatients received up to 6 mEPOCH cycles. Etoposide (50 mg/m²/day), doxorubicin (10 mg/m²/day), and vincristine (0.4 mg/m²/day) were each given as a continuous 96-hour infusion on days 1 to 4. Prednisolone (40 mg/m²/day) was given intravenously or orally on days 1 to 4 and then tapered and stopped on day 7, and carboplatin (dose calculated for each patient individually using Calvert’s formula according to a target under the curve of 3 mg/mL/min) was given as a 2-hour intravenous infusion on day 6.ResultsIn 103 patients, overall response rate and complete response rate were 58% and 25%, respectively. With a median follow-up of 8.9 months, the median survival time was 9.8 months (95% confidence interval, 7.2-13.9 months). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.2 months (95% confidence interval, 3.4-5.7 months). Patients who completed ≥ 4 cycles experienced significantly better overall survival and PFS compared with those who completed < 4 cycles. Twenty-eight patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after mEPOCH and demonstrated significantly prolonged overall survival and PFS compared with those who did not undergo transplantation.ConclusionThe mEPOCH regimen is effective with tolerable adverse effects and may be an alternative treatment option for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.     

The key role of macrophage depolarization in the treatment of COPD with ergosterol both in vitro and in vivo

Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the lung, which play an important role in COPD. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation of ergosterol are well documented. However, the effect of ergosterol on macrophage polarization has not been studied. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of ergosterol on macrophage polarization in CSE-induced RAW264.7 cells and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats COPD model. Our results demonstrate that CSE-induced macrophages tend to the M1 polarization via increasing ROS, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as increasing MMP-9 to destroy the lung construction in both RAW264.7 cells and SD rats. However, treatment of RAW264.7 cells and SD rats with ergosterol inhibited CSE-induced inflammatory by decreasing ROS, IL-6 and TNF-α, and increasing IL-10 and TGF-β, shuffling the dynamic polarization of macrophages from M1 to M2 both in vitro and in vivo. Ergosterol also decreased the expression of M1 marker CD40, while increased that of M2 marker CD163. Moreover, ergosterol improved the lung characters in rats by decreasing MMP-9. Furthermore, ergosterol elevated HDAC3 activation and suppressed P300/CBP and PCAF activation as well as acetyl NF-κB/p65 and IKKβ, demonstrating that HDAC3 deacetylation was involved in the effect of ergosterol on macrophage polarization. These results also provide a proof in immunoregulation of ergosterol for therapeutic effects of cultured C. sinensis on COPD patients.     

黄芩苷对肝星状细胞iNOS/PUMA信号通路的影响

目的研究黄芩苷通过iNOS/PUMA信号通路促进肝星状细胞凋亡的作用。方法MTT检测细胞增殖抑制率,Western Blot检测iNOS、PUMA蛋白表达,real-time PCR检测PUMA mRNA表达,一氧化氮检测试剂盒检测NO含量,iNOS抑制剂L-NAME预处理后检测细胞增殖抑制率和PUMA表达,Hoechst 33342核染色检测细胞凋亡。结果50 mM黄芩苷引起肝星状细胞活化诱导性死亡;黄芩苷促进肝星状细胞PUMA mRNA、蛋白表达;iNOS抑制剂L-NAME预处理后PUMA表达降低、细胞凋亡减少。结论黄芩苷能通过iNOS/PUMA信号通路促进肝星状细胞凋亡。