经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

胸腔镜亚肺叶切除术治疗Ⅰ期高龄非小细胞肺癌的临床效果

目的 探讨Ⅰ期高龄非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)采用胸腔镜亚肺叶切除术治疗的效果及对肺功能及并发症的影响。方法 选择2018年6月—2020年6月于本院就诊的144例高龄NSCLC患者,采用随机数字表法分为2组,每组各72例。对照组实施胸腔镜肺叶切除术,观察组实施胸腔镜亚肺叶切除术。对比2组手术相关指标、肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1 s用力呼气量(FEV1)和最大通气量(MVV)]及并发症。结果 观察组术中出血量(79.25±21.38)mL,低于对照组的(138.47±22.48)mL(t=16.197,P<0.001),手术时间(104.65±23.16)min,短于对照组的(116.48±29.57)min(t=2.673,P=0.008),疼痛(VAS)评分(3.72±1.20)分,低于对照组的(7.11±2.31)分(t=11.050,P<0.001);观察组术后FEV1(1.51±0.13)L、FVC(2.28±0.20)L、MVV(58.20±3.92)L/min,高于对照组的(1.32±0.11)L、(1.82±0.19)L、(53.76±2.81)L/min(t=9.467、12.304、7.811,P<0.001);观察组并发症发生率2.78%,低于对照组的13.89%(χ2=4.455,P=0.035)。结论 Ⅰ期高龄NSCLC采用胸腔镜亚肺叶切除术治疗可最大程度保护肺功能,降低术后并发症,安全性较高,利于患者预后。     

血清IL-6、IL-17水平对AECOPD合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值及病原菌分析

目的分析血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)水平对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值及病原菌情况。方法选取2018年12月至2020年12月首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院呼吸内科收治的203例AECOPD患者作为研究对象,根据患者是否合并肺部感染将121例患者作为感染组,82例患者作为非感染组,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清中IL-6、IL-17水平,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估IL-6、IL-17诊断效能,检测患者痰液病原菌分布情况,分析AECOPD合并肺部感染的危险因素。结果感染组血清IL-6、IL-17水平高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IL-6对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断AUC为0.753,IL-17对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断曲线下面积(Area Under Curve,AUC)为0.781,联合诊断对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断AUC为0.894(95%CI:0.814～0.997),明显高于单项(P<0.05);AECOPD合并肺部感染患者病原菌中革兰氏阴性菌占63.30%,革兰氏阳性菌占31.19%,真菌占5.51%;年龄≥60岁、住院时间≥14天、机械通气时间≥48 h、血清IL-6≥35.28 ng/L、血清IL-17≥288.17 ng/L均是AECOPD合并肺部感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血清IL-6、IL-17是AECOPD合并肺部感染的早期诊断指标及危险因素,AECOPD合并肺部感染病原菌主要为革兰氏阴性菌株。     

基于网络药理学和实验验证研究柴胡疏肝散治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的作用机制＊

目的 通过网络药理学的方法进行预测，再深一步进行动物实验验证来研究柴胡疏肝散治疗CAG的作用机制。方法 首先在TCMSP数据库中检索柴胡疏肝散的所有活性成分与药物靶点；通过收集PharmGkb、OMIM、GeneCards和DrugBank数据库中收录的慢性萎缩性胃炎的相关靶点。将药物靶点与疾病靶点进行映射筛选出交集靶点，将得到的交集靶点构建PPI网络与活性成分-共同靶点网络，并对其进行GO和KEGG富集分析。最后利用Vina软件进行分子对接实验验证，并通过免疫印迹法验证柴胡疏肝散对两种受体蛋白EGFR和STAT1的影响。结果 最终筛选得到柴胡疏肝散活性成分104个，潜在靶点238个，与慢性萎缩性胃炎的交集靶点52个；GO与KEGG富集分析分别得到2166条目和148条目，主要涉及到JAK-STAT信号通路、TNF信号通路、HIF-1信号通路等；分子对接结果显示EGFR、STAT1两个靶点能够与核心活性成分能够自发结合成较为稳定的构像；免疫印迹法实验证明柴胡疏肝散能够降低大鼠胃黏膜组织EGFR和STAT1蛋白表达。结论 通过网络药理学和实验验证，发现柴胡疏肝散可能通过调节EGFR和STAT1蛋白表达来共同调控胃黏膜细胞增殖与凋亡，进而发挥着治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的效果，为深入进行柴胡疏肝散治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的作用机制研究提供新思路和新方法。     

复方甘草酸苷片联合第二代抗组胺药物治疗慢性荨麻疹有效性及安全性的Meta分析北大核心CSCD

目的:系统评价复方甘草酸苷联合第二代抗组胺药治疗慢性荨麻疹(CU)的有效性和安全性,以期为CU的临床治疗提供循证参考。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane library、知网、维普、万方,收集复方甘草酸苷片(FGP)联合第二代抗组胺药物(试验组)对比单用第二代抗组胺药物(对照组)治疗CU的随机对照试验,对符合纳入标准的临床研究进行资料提取和质量评价后,采用Stata12.0统计软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入26篇文献,合计2 765例患者。Meta分析结果显示,试验组患者痊愈率[RR=1.55,95%CI(1.43,1.68),P<0.001]、总有效率[RR=1.34,95%CI(1.28,1.40),P<0.001]、复发率[RR=0.23,95%CI(0.16,0.35),P<0.001]均显著优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义;两组患者不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义[RR=1.04,95%CI(0.79,1.38),P=0.78]。结论:第二代抗组胺药治疗CU时联合FGP可明显提高痊愈率、总有效率、降低复发率,且两者安全性相当。