Potential association of lead exposure during early development of mice with alteration of hippocampus nitric oxide levels and learning memory

Objective Chronic lead （Pb） exposure during development is known to produce learning deficits. Nitric oxide participates in the synaptic mechanisms involved in certain forms of learning and memory. This study was designed to clarify whether Pb-induced impairment in learning and memory was associated with the changes of nitric oxide levels in mice brains. Methods Sixty Balb/c mice aged l0 days were chosen. A model of lead exposure was established by drinking 0.025%, 0.05% 0.075% lead acetate, respectively for 8 weeks. The controls were orally given distilled water. The ability to learn and memorize was examined by open field test, T-water maze test. In parallel with the behavioral data, NO level of hippocampus tissue was detected by biochemical assay. Results Compared with control groups, （1） the weight of 0.075% group was significantly reduced （P〈0.05）; （2） The number of times in mice attaining the required standards in T-water maze test was lower in 0.075% group （P〈0.01）. No significant difference was found between experimental and control groups in open field test （P〉0.05）; （3） NO level of mouse hippocampus tissue was decreased in 0.075% group （P〈0.01）. Conclusions The findings suggest that decreased hippocampus NO level may contribute to the Pb-induced deficits in learning and memory processes.     

V4 region of the HIV-1 envelope gene mediates immune escape and may not promote the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies

To date, inducing the production of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV-1 in humans has been unsuccessful. Several studies have explored the coevolution of HIV-1 and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), but little is known about what affects the lack of bnAbs after long-term infection. A better understanding of the coevolution of the virus and nAbs in cases involving no bnAb production will help in the design of an effective HIV-1 vaccine. An individual with acute CRF01_AE HIV-1 infection who lacked bnAbs at just over 2 years post-infection (p.i.) was identified from a cohort of HIV negative men who have sex with men. The coevolution of the viral envelope gene and nAbs was studied over 741 days p.i. Strain-specific antibodies (ss-Abs) to the transmitted/founder (T/F) virus developed within 54 days p.i., but plasma collected at subsequent time points could not neutralize synchronous viruses until 557 days p.i., when the plasma acquired low-level synchronous but not heterologous neutralizing activity. The V4 region of envelope gene mutated firstly and continually evolve up to 2 years p.i. Multiple variations in the V4 region, including substitutions, deletions and glycosylation mutations, were driven by ss-Abs and mediated immune escape partially by impacting the binding of nAbs to the virus. The remarkable variations in the V4 region mediated immune escape from ss-Abs and contributed to the affinity maturation of ss-Abs against the T/F virus but may not promote the development of bnAbs. Thus, the V4 region might not be a good target for an HIV-1 vaccine.     

牙科治疗中不合作儿童的气质研究

目的:通过对牙科治疗中合作与不合作儿童气质的比较分析,了解不合作儿童的气质特点。方法:对87例3～7岁接受牙科治疗的儿童进行气质调查,合作组52例,不合作组35例。气质量表用中国标准化的《中国学龄前儿童气质量表(CPTS)》,采用SPSS10.0统计软件包对2组儿童的气质类型及各气质维度得分分别进行两独立样本的秩和检验(Mann-whitney法)及t检验。结果:(1)2组儿童气质类型构成有显著性差别(P<0.05),不合作组儿童麻烦型气质比例(20.0%)显著高于合作组(3.8%)。(2)不合作组儿童适应性和心境2个气质维度得分高于合作组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:牙科治疗中儿童的合作程度与儿童的气质有关;适应缓慢、心境消极及麻烦型气质儿童出现不合作的比例明显增高。     

骨髓间质干细胞转染牙本质涎磷蛋白基因的实验研究

目的 评价牙本质涎磷蛋白（DSPP）转基因修饰骨髓问质干细胞（BM-MSC）后，对BM-MSC生物学特性及DSPP表达的影响。方法构建含小鼠DSPP基因的真核表达载体pcDNA3．1（＋）／DSPP，用脂质体介导转染大鼠BM-MSC；RT-PCR检测转染后细胞的Pax-9和DMP-1基因表达情况；检测转染细胞矿化诱导后Von Kossa钙盐染色计算单位面积钙结节形成率。结果成功构建DSPP真核表达载体pcDNA3．1（＋）／DSPP，酶切后得到3．0kb和5．4kb的片段，与回收的目的基因和载体基因片段大小相符；经转染BM-MSC后24h可见DSPP基因表达，48h后可见有Pax-9基因表达，无DMP-1基因表达；转基因后的BM-MSC免疫组化染色显示DSPP阳性；转染细胞矿化诱导后钙结节形成率高于未转染细胞。结论BM-MSC转基因表达DSPP能够增强其矿化能力，并诱导牙齿发育相关基因的表达，提示DSPP可能在牙齿发育早期具有一定作用。     

大块状生物活性玻璃陶瓷表面复合骨髓-骨松质的成骨作用研究

将自体骨髓-骨松质(ABMC)复合于块状生物活性玻璃陶瓷(BGC)表面，植入12条杂种狗无骨膜的下颌骨缺损区，分别于术后4周、12周、20周和40周处死，采用光镜、荧光显微镜及扫描电镜观察局部新骨生成与改建状况。发现术后4同时植入BGC上面有多量的新生骨形成，随时间的推移，此层骨组织增厚，并从不规则的骨芽向小梁骨转化，沉积在BGC表面或微孔内。而对照组始终末见骨形成。经结果表明BGC可以作为ABMC的生物载体，促进ABMC的异位成骨效应。BGC表面复合ABMC种植改善了BGC的力学强度．扩大了临床应用范围。     

铸造冠桥基牙聚合度的计算机辅助调查

本次调查随机收集到89颗完好无损的活动代型,对摩牙和双尖牙代型分别进行颊舌向和近远中向的聚合度X线投影分析,对前牙代型因舌窝等原因,只作近远中向聚合度X线投影分析。将X片用contex FS3200型扫描机取大信息量进行扫描,输入 COMP AQ计算机,形成PCX文件。然后,将PCX文件不经失量化直接格式转换成 DWG文件,进入 AUTO.CAD,再用绘图软件ACADR12进行测量。测量结果铸造冠桥基牙的(牙合)方聚合度为12.65±6.76,与理想的(牙合)方聚合度 2～5°存在非常性差异(P<0.001),并进行临床随访 1～3.5年,冠桥无一松动或脱落。     

猫下颌尖牙根管治疗对牙正畸移动的影响

目的：探讨经根管治疗牙的正畸移动可行性及牙根吸收的风险.方法：建立对经根管治疗牙进行正畸移动的动物模型,采用石膏模型测量、病理学和放射学方法评估正畸移动的距离及牙根吸收的程度.16只成年家猫的一侧下颌尖牙在全麻下开髓、拔髓,一次完成根管充填治疗术,随后在正畸弹簧的作用力（100～120 g）下向远中作倾斜移动.8周后测量石膏模型上牙移动的距离,以及根管治疗牙与正常牙的组织学和放射学牙根长度.应用SPSS11.0软件包进行数据分析,均数比较采用配对t检验.结果：实验结果显示,在相同正畸力作用下,根管治疗牙与正常牙移动距离相近（P＞0.05）;组织病理学显示,根管治疗牙牙根的长度比正常牙小（P＜0.05）,但在放射学上,两者的长度无统计学差异（P＞0.05）.结论：在本实验条件下,经根管治疗牙在正畸力作用下能与正常牙同样快速移动,组织学观察显示其根吸收的程度比后者略大.     

740例男性绝育术后生活质量调查

目的:评价男性绝育术后的生活质量。方法:调查740例输精管绝育术受术者的心身反应发生率,影响心身反应发生的因素,以及受术者对生活状况的满意程度。同时采用心理干预方法,对产生心身反应的患者进行治疗,并评价治疗效果。结果:59例(8%)受术者对目前生活状况不满意,其中包括42例(5.67%)有心身反应,且发现其与个人文化程度、地区经济状况以及对输精管绝育术的认知态度等因素有关。采用心理干预精心治疗2~24个月后,34例症状消失,占80.95%;6例症状减轻,占14.29%;2例无效,占4.76%。结论:采用心理疏导和社会教育等对男性绝育术后有心身反应者进行心理干预,可取得较好疗效。     

从儿科不同专科病房护理时数测算探讨护理人力资源的合理配置

目的测算儿科不同专科实际所需护士人数，为儿童专科医院及儿科病房护士人力配置提供依据。方法调查浙江省某儿童医院的4个有陪病房（肾脏内科、神经内科、泌尿外科及烫伤、骨科病房），采用观察法测量各病房直接护理时间、间接护理时间，然后采用工时测定法计算出儿科不同专科病房每个患者每日所需护理时间。根据公式计算出不同专科所需护士人数，并对数据进行分析。结果儿科不同专科病房每日直接护理时间和每日所需护理时间比较差异有统计学意义，间接护理时间各病房间比较差异无统计学意义。病床与护士之比以神经内科最高1：0．70，其他依次为烫伤、骨科病房1：0．60、泌尿外科1：0．58、肾脏内科1：0．57。结论儿科不同专科病房所需护士人数存在明显差异，应根据专科不同来配置护士人力。     

基于自主神经功能的不同选穴原则对无先兆性偏头痛患者针刺干预的随机对照研究

目的:基于自主神经功能探讨不同选穴原则干预无先兆性偏头痛患者的治疗效果。方法:2016年11月至2018年6月收集浙江中医药大学附属第三医院针灸科符合纳入标准的偏头痛患者84例,随机分为自主神经组41例(脱失1例)和常规治疗组40例(脱失2例),治疗频率为3次/周,均治疗2周,8周后回访。缓解期检测心率变异性特征,包括频域指标和时域指标,于发作期、首次治疗后及疗程结束3个时点同时进行心率变异性特征检测和简式McGill疼痛评分,治疗8周后回访时再次进行简式McGill疼痛评分,且全程对安全性指标进行检测。结果:两组患者缓解期时心率变异特征、治疗后各时间段频域指标无显著差异。时域指标中,与本组发作时比较,首次治疗后两组患者的24h全部正常N~N间期标准差(SDNN)均有显著差异(P<0.05),自主神经组首次治疗后与发作时比较,24h全部正常N~N间期每5min平均值的标准差(SDANN)也有显著差异(P<0.05)。治疗8周后回访时,自主神经组McGill量表中感觉项、VAS项评分均显著低于常规治疗组(P<0.01,P<0.05),两组8周随访时的总有效率分别是85.4%和80.0%,且均未发生严重不良事件。结论:针刺对偏头痛患者有即时和远期的疗效,常规取穴和自主神经取穴均可使交感神经活性增强,针对自主神经功能取穴具有一定的优势,对临床针刺治疗无先兆性偏头痛如何选穴具有一定的参考价值。