耐多药结核分枝杆菌中embB基因突变与乙胺丁醇耐药的相关性研究

目的 研究耐多药结核分枝菌中embB基因突变与乙胺丁醇耐药的相关性. 方法 比例法检测84株耐多药结核分枝杆菌的乙胺丁醇(EMB)耐药性,基因测序检测embB基因的突变,2检验分析二者之间的相关性. 结果 84株耐多药结核分枝杆菌中有43株(51.2%)对EMB耐药,41株(48.8%)对EMB敏感,57株耐多药菌株(67.9%)的embB基因发生突变.在43株EMB耐药菌株中,embB基因突变的菌株为40株(93.0%),而41株EMB敏感菌株中,embB基因突变的菌株为17株(41.5%),embB基因在耐药菌株中的突变频率远高于敏感菌株(2=25.58,P=0.00).embB306是最常见的突变位点,其在耐药菌株的突变率也高于敏感菌株(2=12.37,P=0.00),embB基因和embB306位点检测EMB耐药的敏感度、特异度和准确性分别为93.0%和65.1%,58.5%和73.2%,76.2%和69.0%. 结论 EMB耐药的产生与embB基因和embB306突变有关,二者用于检测EMB耐药有一定的参考意义.     

环氧酮肽类蛋白酶体抑制剂的研究进展

随着硼替佐米和卡非佐米被FDA批准用于多发性骨髓瘤患者的治疗,蛋白酶体已成为一种越来越热门的抗肿瘤药物的靶点。环氧酮肽类化合物由于其良好的选择性和较低的不良反应已成为蛋白酶体抑制剂的研究热点。本文主要综述蛋白酶体的结构和功能、环氧酮肽类蛋白酶体抑制剂的作用机制及发展现状。     

白芍总苷辅助治疗系统性红斑狼疮伴发葡萄膜炎的疗效分析

目的观察分析白芍总苷辅助治疗系统性红斑狼疮伴发葡萄膜炎的临床效果。方法将2009年2月—2011年10月杭州市红十字会医院眼科门诊系统性红斑狼疮伴发葡萄膜炎患者78例随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组40例采用白芍总苷辅助西药结合治疗,对照组38例单用西药常规治疗,平均随访为6个月,比较评估2组治疗后的临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为95.00%,对照组总有效率为78.95%,2组治疗后临床疗效比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论白芍总苷辅助治疗系统性红斑狼疮伴发葡萄膜炎的效果满意,优于常规西药治疗。     

Molecular genetic analysis of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Eastern and Central Sudan using pvcsp and pvmsp-3α genes as molecular markers

In Sudan, Plasmodium vivax accounts for approximately 5–10% of malaria cases. This study was carried out to determine the genetic diversity of P. vivax population from Sudan by analyzing the polymorphism of P. vivax csp (pvcsp) and pvmsp-3α genes. Blood samples (n = 76) were taken from suspected malaria cases from 2012–2013 in three health centers of Eastern and Central Sudan. Parasite detection was performed by microscopy and molecular techniques, and genotyping of both genes was performed by PCR-RFLP followed by DNA sequence for only pvcsp gene (n = 30). Based on microscopy analysis, 76 (%100) patients were infected with P. vivax, whereas nested-PCR results showed that 86.8% (n = 66), 3.9% (n = 3), and 3.9% (n = 3) of tested samples had P. vivax as well as Plasmodium falciparum mono- and mixed infections, respectively. Four out of 76 samples had no results in molecular diagnosis. All sequenced samples were found to be of VK210 (100%) genotype with six distinct amino acid haplotypes, and 210A (66.7%) was the most prevalent haplotype. The Sudanese isolates displayed variations in the peptide repeat motifs (PRMs) ranging from 17 to 19 with GDRADGQPA (PRM1), GDRAAGQPA (PRM2) and DDRAAGQPA (PRM3). Also, 54 polymorphic sites with 56 mutations were found in repeat and post-repeat regions of the pvcsp and the overall nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.02149 ± 0.00539. A negative value of dN − dS (−0.0344) was found that suggested a significant purifying selection of Sudanese pvcsp, (Z test, P < 0.05). Regarding pvmsp-3α, three types were detected: types A (94.6%, 52/55), type C (3.6%, 2/55), and type B (1.8%, 1/55). No multiclonal infections were detected, and RFLP analysis identified 13 (Hha I, A1-A11, B1, and C1) and 16 (Alu I, A1-A14, B1, and C1) distinct allelic forms. In conclusion, genetic investigation among Sudanese P. vivax isolates indicated that this antigen showed limited antigenic diversity.     

遗传代谢性肝病

尽管遗传代谢性肝病在临床上并不多见,但因其在遗传性代谢病中占有重要位置,所以越来越受到人们重视。这类疾病通常指由于遗传性酶缺陷所致物质中间代谢紊乱,主要表现肝脏形态结构和(或)功能上病变,常伴有其他脏器的损害。目前认为这类肝病的发生机制有:酶缺陷导致代谢底物或衍生物蓄积,代     

The impact of insulin on chemotherapeutic sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer cell lines SGC7901, MKN45 and MKN28

Background

The role of insulin in the pathogenesis of cancer has been increasingly emphasized because of the high incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome and their correlated complication including cancer. This study aimed to explore the impact of insulin on chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer and the possible mechanisms.

Methods

Tissue samples of gastric cancer and adjacent normal gastric mucosa from patients with or without obesity were performed immunohistochemical staining for P-glycoprotein. The follow-up was done after the surgical treatment. The effect of insulin on chemotherapeutic sensitivity of the three gastric cancer cell lines to 5-fluorouracil was evaluated by pre-incubation with insulin before administration of 5-fluorouracil. The expression of P-glycoprotein was determined by Western blotting.

Results

P-glycoprotein were overexpressed in tissues from patients who suffered gastric cancer and were higher in those simultaneously suffered gastric cancer and obesity. Addition of 1 μM insulin remarkably promoted the proliferation of SGC7901, MKN45 and MKN28 cells and decreased the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil. In addition, the expression of P-glycoprotein was upregulated in SGC7901, MKN45 and MKN28 cells.

Conclusion

Insulin improved the proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines and contributed to chemoresistance of gastric cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil which is likely to involve upregulation of P-glycoprotein.     

脂肪性肝病的诊断

脂肪性肝病是多种疾病和病因引起的病变主体在肝小叶,以肝细胞脂肪变性和脂肪蓄积过多为主的临床病理综合征。大多数脂肪性肝病是由于甘油三酯在肝内积聚所致,但也可由其他脂质积聚引起,如胆固醇酯（Wolman病）、各种饱和酯和磷脂（Farber病）、神经节苷酯（Tay-Sach病）、葡萄糖脑苷酯（Gaucher病）等。临床上常把脂肪性肝病分为酒精性和非酒精性脂肪性肝病，前者与过量乙醇摄入有关，后者与胰岛素抵抗有关，常伴随肥胖和高脂血症等代谢综合征。[第一段]     

胸腺肽α1对严重脓毒症患者的免疫调理作用

目的 评价胸腺肽α1对严重脓毒症患者的免疫调理作用 方法 44例患者随机分成治疗组与对照组,对照组常规治疗加安慰剂,治疗组常规治疗加胸腺肽α1(迈普欣),疗程为10 d。结果 治疗组治疗后的CD14 单核细胞人类白细胞抗原-DR(HLA-DR)水平明显升高,而CRP、APACHEⅡ评分及器官功能障碍的数量显著下降,28 d死亡率亦显著下降。结论 胸腺肽α1可提高严重脓毒症患者免疫力,改善患者的预后。