ICU谵妄的原因分析及护理干预

目的：探讨分析ICU谵妄发生的原因，总结有效的护理干预措施。方法：随机选取我院收治的50例ICU谵妄患者为研究对象，回顾性分析所有患者发生ICU谵妄的原因以及相应的护理干预措施。结果：本组发生谵妄患者50例，谵妄发生率为14．3％。主要包括癫痫、颅内肿瘤、颅脑损伤、颅内感染、蛛网膜下腔出血、各类脑血管疾病等，其中心理压力者5例（10％），低氧血压3例（6％），感染4例（8％），组织功能障碍14例（28％）。结论：ICU患者发生谵妄的原因具有多样化，护理人员应根据患者发生谵妄的主要因素进行针对性的护理千预措施，降低ICU谵妄发生率，提高ICU患者的生存率。     

神经安定镇痛联合局部神经阻滞用于外科小手术效果观察

目的比较神经安定镇痛术联合局部神经阻滞方法用于外科小手术时与传统椎管内麻醉方法相比有何优越性。方法选择精索静脉曲张结扎术、睾丸鞘膜积液切除翻转术、睾丸下降固定术、腹股沟斜疝修补手术患者110例,ASAI-II级,随机分成两组,A组用氟芬合剂联合局部神经阻滞麻醉,B组用椎管内麻醉,比较患者麻醉效果、生命体征、并发症情况及住院天数。结果 A组生命体征明显平稳于B组,A组并发症发生率明显低于B组,住院天数方面A组明显短于B组,麻醉效果两组无明显差异。结论神经安定镇痛联合局部神经阻滞麻醉用于外科小手术与传统椎管内麻醉相比有明显优越性。     

脾表皮样囊肿1例报告

脾囊肿(splenic cyst)是一种发病率非常低的脾脏组织的瘤样囊性病变,并非为真性肿瘤.脾囊肿临床上分为寄生虫性和非寄生虫性脾囊肿[1-3],本病例为非寄生虫性囊肿中的表皮样囊肿,主要并发症包括如囊肿破裂、出血及继发感染等.表皮样囊肿破裂后由于囊内容中所含胆固醇和其他化学物质刺激可导致急性腹膜炎或严重的肉芽肿性炎症,临床上出现严重的腹膜炎的症状和体征,甚至危及生命.本文报告山西医科大学第一临床医学院普外科收治1例脾表皮样囊肿的临床资料,对该囊肿的临床表现、实验室检查、影像学检查、诊断及治疗方式进行总结性分析.     

支气管结核的CT漏诊误诊原因分析

<正>支气管结核(endobronchial tuberculosis,EBTB)是指发生在气管、支气管黏膜下层的结核病。因起病缓慢,症状多样,CT表现缺乏特异性,在影像诊断及临床工作中漏诊、误诊较多。回顾性分析总结2007—2012年我院收治的25例EBTB的误诊及漏诊患者,以提高对该病的认识。1资料与方法1.1一般资料25例中,男10例,女15例;年龄13~78岁,平均33岁。主要症状及临床表现为发热,体温37.5~     

深海真菌Phomopsis tersa的次级代谢产物及其细胞毒活性研究

目的 研究深海真菌Phomopsis tersa FS441的次级代谢产物及其细胞毒活性。方法 采用正、反相硅胶柱、凝胶柱和高效液相等多种色谱技术对菌株FS441的固体发酵产物进行分离纯化,并通过NMR、MS等波谱方法鉴定化合物结构,采用SRB法对得到的单体化合物进行细胞毒活性测试。结果 从发酵物中分离纯化得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为：5α, 8α-表二氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇（1）、麦角甾醇（2）、12-hydroxydehydrobotrydienol（3）、5,6-二羟基-2,3,6-三甲基环己-2-烯酮（4）、1,2-二羟基-3,4-脱氢蒽酮（5）、（1S,2S,3S,4R） -3-氯-4-（2-羟基丙吡啶-2-基）-1-甲基环己烷-1,2-二醇（6）、（-）-5-methylmellein（7）、酪醇（8）、胸腺嘧啶核苷（9）、（R）-（+）-甘油1-9 （Z）,12 （Z）-十八碳二烯酸酯（10）、亚油酸（11）。结论 化合物3～6为首次从Phomopsis属分离得到,化合物1和2对SF-268、MCF-7、HepG-2和A549 4种肿瘤细胞株具有弱的细胞毒活性。     

金属内支架置入联合三维适形放射治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

Objective To study the clinical efficiency of metallic stent implantation in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pa-tients with portal vein tumor thrombus. Methods 22 cases of HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus were devided into 2 groups: 10 patients (group A) recieved stent implantation in combination with conformal radiation therapy, 12 patients (group B) recieved stent implantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The adverse reactions, and liver function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months and the survival rate at 3, 6 and 12 months were followed up. Comparison of liver function was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Compari-son of stent patency rate curves and survival curves was analyzed by Log rank test. Results The portal vein catheterization was successful in all the patients. The stents were successfully implanted by transhepatic portal vein approach, and portal vein stenosis was re-opened. There was no abdominal hemorrhage in all the patients, but there were symptoms of abdominalgia, fever, nausea, vomiting and flatulence of varying de-grees after interventional operation, and these symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment in one week. All patients in group A completed the treatment. Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree gastrointestinal tract reactions occurred in 3 cases, Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree myelosuppression occurred in 2 cases, and they were all completely relieved after treatment. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months was 90%, 70%, 30% in group A; and 50%, 25%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). The survival rate at 3, 6 and 1 2 months was 100%, 80%, 30% in group A and 91.7%, 41.7%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stent implantation combined with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is a good treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and causes less damage to liver.     

胃泌素对结肠癌细胞中粘着斑激酶通路下游E-钙粘蛋白/β-连环蛋白复合物的影响

目的探讨胃泌素对结肠癌细胞CoLo320WT中粘着斑激酶（FAK）通路下游E-钙粘蛋白／β-连环蛋白（E-cadherin／β-catenin）复合物分布的影响；方法脂质体转染表达胃泌索受体CCK-2R的pCR3．1／OR质粒于结肠癌细胞CoLo320中。G418筛选出稳定表达CCK-2R的阳性克隆，RT-PCR鉴定，转染成功命为CoLo320WT。应用10^-8mmol／L 胃泌素（G17）以时间梯度（0h、1h、6h、12h、24h、48h）干预CoLo320WT细胞，同时应用10^-6mmol／L胃泌素受体拮抗剂L365，260干预CoLo320WT细胞30min，再予10^-8mmol／L胃泌素干预。采用免疫印迹法检测磷酸化的FAK Tyr397和总FAK的表达。采用免疫共沉淀和免疫印迹法检测CoLo320WT中TX-100溶解和未溶部分中的E-钙粘蛋白和β-连环蛋白的表达。用免疫细胞化学法观察E-钙粘蛋白和β-连环蛋白的在胞膜、胞质和胞核的分布。结果随着胃泌素干预时间的延长，细胞中磷酸化的FAK Tyr397的表达量呈增加趋势，12h达最大值。胃泌素受体拮抗剂L365，260阻断后磷酸化的FAK Tyr397表达减少。而胃泌素对总FAK没有明显影响。TX-100可溶性部分中E-钙粘蛋白和酽连环蛋白的量在胃泌素干预后表达减少，拮抗剂L365，260阻断后又增加。而TX-100不溶解部分中表达却相反。免疫细胞化学观察到在胃泌素干预下CoLo320WT细胞中E-钙粘蛋白和β-连环蛋白的分布发生胞质和胞核转移。结论胃泌素与其受体CCK-2受体结合，磷酸化的FAK Tyr397、激活FAK通路进而影响结肠癌细胞中E-钙粘蛋白和β-连环蛋白的分布，促进结肠癌细胞侵袭和转移。     

心脏泵血功能与淋巴细胞内及血清中钙、镁、铜、锌含量的关系

20例器质性心脏病患者进行心脏泵功能（简称泵功能）和淋巴细胞内及血清中钙、镁、铜,锌的测定,发现患者泵功能均低于正常,其淋巴细胞内钙、镁、锌亦明显低于正常对照组（p<0.01）。血清铜升高（p<0.05）:血清锌显著升高（p<0.01）。提示泵功能、淋巴细胞内及血清中微量元素含量之间有一定的相关性。     

金属内支架置入联合三维适形放射治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

Objective To study the clinical efficiency of metallic stent implantation in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pa-tients with portal vein tumor thrombus. Methods 22 cases of HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus were devided into 2 groups: 10 patients (group A) recieved stent implantation in combination with conformal radiation therapy, 12 patients (group B) recieved stent implantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The adverse reactions, and liver function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months and the survival rate at 3, 6 and 12 months were followed up. Comparison of liver function was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Compari-son of stent patency rate curves and survival curves was analyzed by Log rank test. Results The portal vein catheterization was successful in all the patients. The stents were successfully implanted by transhepatic portal vein approach, and portal vein stenosis was re-opened. There was no abdominal hemorrhage in all the patients, but there were symptoms of abdominalgia, fever, nausea, vomiting and flatulence of varying de-grees after interventional operation, and these symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment in one week. All patients in group A completed the treatment. Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree gastrointestinal tract reactions occurred in 3 cases, Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree myelosuppression occurred in 2 cases, and they were all completely relieved after treatment. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months was 90%, 70%, 30% in group A; and 50%, 25%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). The survival rate at 3, 6 and 1 2 months was 100%, 80%, 30% in group A and 91.7%, 41.7%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stent implantation combined with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is a good treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and causes less damage to liver.