Associations of self-reported and actigraphy-assessed sleep characteristics with body mass index and waist circumference in adults: moderation by gender

ObjectivesSelf-reported sleep duration has been linked to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in previous work; however, data regarding if these associations are stronger in men or women have been mixed, and few studies have objectively measured sleep. We investigated self-reported and actigraphy-assessed sleep characteristics in relation to BMI and waist circumference and examined the extent to which these associations differ by gender.DesignArchived cross-sectional data collected from 2004 to 2006 from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) Biomarkers Study were used. Participants included 1248 adults (43% men) who reported their habitual sleep duration, and a subset of participants (N = 441; 40% men) who underwent seven nights of wrist actigraphy.ResultsSelf-reported total sleep time (TST), actigraphy-assessed TST, and actigraphy-assessed sleep efficiency (SE) were inversely associated with BMI in the full sample of both men and women. Gender moderated associations between actigraphy assessments of sleep and anthropometric variables; however, TST and SE were related to BMI and waist circumference in women only. Associations between sleep and waist circumference were independent of BMI.ConclusionsSleep duration and sleep continuity are associated with body weight and distribution of body fat, but these associations were stronger or were only present in women.     

Sleep and risk for high blood pressure and hypertension in midlife women: the SWAN (Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation) Sleep Study

ObjectiveInadequate self-reported sleep is related to high blood pressure (BP). Our study investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between poor sleep measured by in-home polysomnography (PSG) and BP.MethodsMidlife participants (132 black, 164 white, and 59 Chinese) were from the SWAN (Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation) ancillary sleep study. In-home PSG measured sleep apnea, duration, efficiency, and electroencephalogram (EEG) total delta and beta power during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Women subsequently were followed annually for 4.5 (1–7) years for BP and hypertensive status (>140/90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication). Covariates were age, race, site, and educational attainment, with time-covariates of BP medications, body mass index, diabetes mellitus (DM), cigarette smoking, and menopausal status.ResultsSleep duration and efficiency were unrelated to BP cross-sectionally or longitudinally in multivariate models. Women with higher total beta power were more likely to be hypertensive at the time of the sleep study; women with lower total delta power were more likely to show increases in diastolic BP (DBP) and to be at risk for incident hypertension across follow-up.ConclusionsLow NREM delta power may be a risk factor for future hypertension. Quantitative EEG measures are worthy of future investigations of hypertension risk.     

帕金森病并发剂峰异动症的危险因素及其对生活质量的影响

目的:调查帕金森病(PD)并发剂峰异动症的相关危险因素及其对生活质量的影响。方法:对使用左旋多巴至少1月的PD患者问卷调查一般情况、运动症状、非运动症状和治疗情况,分析其并发剂峰异动症的相关影响因素及对日常生活能力的影响。结果:共纳入PD患者97例,出现剂峰异动症13例(13.4%,异动症组),与未并发剂峰异动症的PD患者(无异动症组)比较,异动症组女性更多、发病年龄轻、病程长、体重低、UPDRSⅡ评分高、"开"期H-Y评分高、"关"期H-Y评分高、症状波动多见、焦虑和抑郁程度更重、单位左旋多巴剂量高、左旋多巴等效剂量高、PDQ-39总分数高和更可能使用金刚烷胺(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现女性[6.28(1.19~33.16),P=0.030]、长病程[1.41(1.18~1.69),P0.001]和焦虑[11.25(1.49~84.82),P=0.019]是PD患者并发剂峰异动症的独立危险因素。结论:女性、长病程和焦虑状态可能是PD并发剂峰异动症的独立危险因素,剂峰异动症可显著降低PD患者的生活质量。     

Termination of Reentrant Propagation By a Single Stimulus: A Model Study

A computer model of a ring-shaped one-dimensional cardiac fiber was used to examine responses of reentrant propagation to premature stimuli applied under different degrees of head-tail interaction. Two different types (type I and type II) of termination window (TW) were identified. The type I TW was generated by functional inhomogeneity created by reentrant propagation. The width of the type I TW was proportional to the degree of cellular uncoupling. In contrast, uniform reduction in sodium channel conductance decreased the width of type I TW. The type II TW was generated by electrical alternans created by the head-tail interaction of the reentrant action potential. It was demonstrated that electrical alternans were most significant in medium degree head-tail interaction. For stronger or weaker head-tail interaction, the electrical alternans tended to decrease. The type II TW was located in excitable gups following reentrant action potentials of short duration. Its size was proportional to the degree of electrical alternans. The type II TW was usually much larger than the type I TW. A premature conditioning stimulus induced alternans and created a type II TW. This response implies that a conditioning stimulus could facilitate greatly the termination of clinical reentrant arrhythmias by programmed electrical stimulation.     

多普勒组织显像评估严重心力衰竭而QRS间期正常患者的左室收缩不同步

目的:应用多普勒组织显像(DTI)评估严重心衰而QRS间期正常的患者左室收缩不同步的发生率。方法:应用DTI分析20例QRS间期正常的严重心衰患者和20例正常人的左室侧壁、后间隔、前壁、下壁、前间隔及后壁的基底段和中段共12个节段的脉冲组织多普勒频谱,测量每例的QRS波起始至各个左室壁节段多普勒频谱收缩峰起始的时间(以Ts表示)。计算每例最大Ts与最小Ts的差值(Ts-MD)、Ts的标准差(Ts-SD)和Ts的变异系数(Ts-CV),用以评估两组对象左室收缩不同步的差异。结果:HF组的Ts-MD、Ts-SD和Ts-CV均较正常对照组明显增大(P<0.001),表明QRS间期正常的心衰患者存在左室壁收缩不同步。以TS-MD53.08 ms、Ts-SD18.08 ms和Ts-CV0.91(正常值单侧95%可信区间,x 1.65s)作为切断值,HF组左室收缩不同步的发生率分别为55.0%(11/20)、55.0%(11/20)和55.0%(11/20),显著高于对照组(P均<0.001);且QRS间期正常的心衰患者最大收缩延迟部位亦不完全相同。结论:DTI显示左室收缩不同步在严重心衰而QRS间期正常的患者中常见。这个结果支持心衰患者即使QRS间期正常也可能从CRT中受益。     

对大面积脑梗死中枢性高热病人头部低温降温时间的研究

[目的]探讨头部低温对大面积脑梗死（LCI）中枢性高热降温最佳治疗时间。[方法]将136例LCI高热病人随机分为4组，A组30例，为体温恢复后（≤37．5℃）即停止头部低温治疗；B组34例，为体温恢复后继续头部低温治疗1d～2d；C组41例．为体温恢复后头部低温继续治疗3d～4d；D组31例，为体温恢复后头部低温继续治疗5d～6d。4组头部低温方法相同。[结果]4组比较，头部低温起始时间无统计学意义（P〉0．05），体温恢复时间厦3d体温恢复率无统计学意义（P〉0．05），再发热率以A组、B组较高（P〈0．05）；治疗后神经功能缺损程度评分、日常生活能力评定以C组、D组效果较佳（P〈0．05）。[结论]LCI高热病人体温恢复后，适当延长头部低温治疗时间，可起到降温与治疗双重作用。继续低温治疗3d～4d为最佳。     

临床治疗与时间因素相关性研究进展

临床治疗与时间因素关系密切,干预时间不同,临床疗效也有差异。重点从干预手段实施的间隔时长、干预时间点及疗程长短3个方面,论述时间在临床治病、防病及科学研究中的重要性,为临床治疗过程中时间医学的运用提供参考。     

肝细胞癌患者缩短普美显强化MRI检查中肝胆期时间的探索

目的:探究肝细胞癌（HCC）患者应用15 min肝胆期普美显的临床诊断效果。方法:选择本院收治的80例HCC患者,同一患者分别进行15 min和20 min普美显肝胆期延迟扫描（分为15 min组和20 min组）。比较两组视觉模拟评分（VAS）、患者配合度评分、病灶检出率评分以及图像指标评分。结果:15 min组VAS明显低于20 min组（t=3.14,P=0.003）,并且配合度得分更高（t=2.36,P=0.02）;两组均表现出有效的病灶检出率（P=0.18）;3个动态时期（动脉期、门静脉期和延迟期）均反映出良好的HCC血供情况（均P>0.05）;两组对象图像指标评分（Cm和CER）结果对于HCC不同分化程度（高分化、中分化以及低分化）均未表现出显著性差异（均P>0.05）。结论:使用15 min普美显肝胆期时间检测与目前临床使用的20 min在影像结果上无显著差异,但是HCC患者的配合度更高,体验更佳。     

稳心颗粒联合尼可地尔治疗缺血性心肌病合并房性心律失常患者的效果

目的:观察稳心颗粒联合尼可地尔治疗缺血性心肌病合并房性心律失常患者的效果。方法:选取103例缺血性心肌病合并房性心律失常患者作为研究对象,以电脑随机数字表法将其分为研究组51例和对照组52例。两组均开展常规基础治疗,在此基础上,对照组采用尼可地尔治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合稳心颗粒治疗,比较两组治疗前后心功能指标[左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)]水平、P波最大时限、P波离散度、6 min步行试验(6MWT)距离和不良反应发生率。结果:治疗后,研究组LVEDD和LVESD水平均低于对照组,LVEF水平高于对照组,6MWT距离长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组P波最大时限和P波离散度均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:稳心颗粒联合尼可地尔治疗缺血性心肌病合并房性心律失常患者可改善心功能指标水平,延长6MWT距离,减小P波最大时限和P波离散度,效果优于单纯尼可地尔治疗。