Optimal follow-up duration for evaluating objective response to radiotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma:a retrospective study

The time to complete or partial (objective) response to radiotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is variable; thus, the reported frequency of these responses depends on the length o...     

Cell kinetics of mechanically stimulated rat oral epithelia

OBJECTIVE: To study cell kinetics of rat gingival (GE), sulcular (SE) and junctional (JE) epithelia in the steady-state and after application of mechanical pressure. DESIGN: Elastic bands were inserted between first and second maxillary molars of 8-week-old male rats, which were labelled with H(3) TdR and killed in groups of six to seven animals together with equal-sized groups of labelled control animals at intervals between 1 and 168 h. Autoradiographs were used to determine epithelial cell proliferation on the pressure side of M1 by calculating the percentage of (3)H TdR-labelled cells (PLC) in the basal (BL) and suprabasal (SL) layers of GE, SE and JE and to estimate median cell cycle (MCC) duration of BL cells by plotting mean and median grain counts against time. RESULTS: (3)H TdR-labelled cells were present in SL of SE and JE 1-12h after isotope injection suggesting that the BL might be not the only source of progenitor cells for JE as they might also be derived through migration from adjacent SE. Application of pressure significantly (ANOVA, P<0.05) reduced PLC in BL of GE, SE and JE indicating a decrease of cell proliferation after 1-12h in response to pressure. In steady-state, the MCC durations of BL cells of GE, SE and JE were 39, 14 and 9h, respectively. After application of pressure, they increased significantly (chi(2)-test, P<0.05) to 48, 44 and 34 h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Sustained pressure may lead to reduction of proliferative activity of these epithelia inducing slower progression of progenitor cells through the cell cycle.     

临床药师参与 1 例鼠伤寒沙门菌肠炎患儿抗感染治疗的药学实践

目的:对临床药师参与的 1 例鼠伤寒沙门菌肠炎患儿的抗感染治疗进行分析,为提高患儿的用药安全提供参考。 方法:临床药师通过查阅文献得知鼠伤寒沙门菌感染性腹泻治愈后,通过粪便的排菌周期较长,建议临床医师及时停用抗菌药物,避免恢复期长期使用抗菌药物延长患儿的排菌周期,增加药物不良反应,甚至引发二重感染。 结果:临床医师采纳药师建议,停用抗菌药物,住院期间未观察到明显药物不良反应。 结论:临床药师应关注鼠伤寒沙门菌肠炎患儿的抗感染治疗疗程,提高患儿用药安全性。     

围手术期不同抗生素使用时长对预防脊柱手术部位感染有效性的网状Meta分析

【摘要】 目的：对围手术期不同抗生素使用时长预防脊柱手术部位感染（surgical site infection,SSI）的有效性进行评价。方法：计算机检索PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library、中国知网、维普、万方数据库,搜集围手术期预防性抗生素的使用时长对降低脊柱SSI发生率的临床研究。研究类型包括随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial,RCT）和队列研究（cohort study,CS）。检索时限为2000年1月1日～2020年5月4日。由2名研究者严格遵循纳入与排除标准独立进行文献筛选、数据提取和文献质量评价。将抗生素使用时长分为单剂量组、术后24h组、术后48h组和术后超48h组。应用Stata 14软件进行网状Meta分析,比较不同抗生素使用时长对降低脊柱SSI发生率的有效性。结果：共纳入10篇文献,包括5篇RCT、2篇前瞻性队列研究和3篇回顾性队列研究,涉及4类抗生素使用时长（单剂量、术后24h、术后48h、术后超48h）。网状Meta分析结果显示：在降低脊柱SSI发生率方面,术后24h组[RR=0.48,95%CI （0.23,0.99）]和术后超48h组[RR=0.52,95%CI（0.32,0.84）]优于单剂量,其差异有统计学意义;排序结果显示术后24h组优于其他使用时长。结论：当前证据显示抗生素使用时长为术后24h时对预防脊柱SSI的效果最佳。     

The link between maternal sleep and permissive parenting during late adolescence

Utilizing a multi‐method design, the present study examined the association between maternal sleep, assessed via actigraphy and self‐reports, and permissive parenting (e.g. lax, inconsistent discipline) during adolescence, as well as the extent to which this association differed by mothers’ race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. The sample was comprised of 234 mothers (M age = 41.76 years, SD = 6.25; 67% European‐American, 31% African‐American, 2% other race/ethnicities) and 237 adolescents (113 boys, 124 girls; M age = 15.80 years, SD = 0.80; 66% European‐American, 34% African‐American). Mothers’ sleep duration (actual sleep minutes) and quality (sleep efficiency, latency, long wake episodes) were assessed using actigraphy. Mothers also reported on their sleep problems and adolescents reported on mothers’ permissive parenting behaviours. Results revealed that actigraphy‐based longer sleep duration and shorter sleep latency were associated with lower levels of permissive parenting. Further, mothers’ race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status moderated the association between actigraphy‐based sleep quality (i.e. sleep efficiency, long wake episodes) and permissive parenting. Specifically, a negative association between sleep efficiency and permissive parenting was evident only for African‐American mothers. In addition, a positive association between more frequent night wakings and permissive parenting was evident only for mothers from lower socioeconomic status households. The findings highlight the benefits of longer and higher‐quality sleep for reducing the risk of permissive parenting, especially among ethnic minority mothers and mothers from lower socioeconomic status households.     

Amoxicillin for acute lower respiratory tract infection in primary care: subgroup analysis by bacterial and viral aetiology

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the effects of amoxicillin treatment in adult patients presenting to primary care with a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) who were infected with a potential bacterial, viral, or mixed bacterial/viral infection.MethodsThis multicentre randomized controlled trial focused on adults with LRTI not suspected for pneumonia. Patients were randomized to receive either antibiotic (amoxicillin 1 g) or placebo three times daily for 7 consecutive days using computer-generated random numbers (follow-up 28 days). In this secondary analysis of the trial, symptom duration (primary outcome), symptom severity (scored 0–6), and illness deterioration (reconsultation with new or worsening symptoms, or hospital admission) were analysed in pre-specified subgroups using regression models. Subgroups of interest were patients with a (strictly) bacterial, (strictly) viral, or combined infection, and patients with elevated values of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, or blood urea nitrogen.Results2058 patients (amoxicillin n = 1036; placebo n = 1022) were randomized. Treatment did not affect symptom duration (n = 1793). Patients from whom a bacterial pathogen only was isolated (n = 207) benefited from amoxicillin in that symptom severity (n = 804) was reduced by 0.26 points (95% CI −0.48 to −0.03). The odds of illness deterioration (n = 2024) was 0.24 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.53) times lower from treatment with amoxicillin when both a bacterial and a viral pathogen were isolated (combined infection; n = 198).ConclusionsAmoxicillin may reduce the risk of illness deterioration in patients with a combined bacterial and viral infection. We found no clinically meaningful benefit from amoxicillin treatment in other subgroups.     

嗓音病患者的遵医行为与治疗时间的相关性分析

目的探讨嗓音病患者遵医行为与疾病恢复时间的相关性。方法将需遵医行为内容细化，制定量表，对同意参加本研究的42例门诊就诊的嗓音病患者进行填表指导，要求患者自行记录治疗期间的违反遵医行为的项次，治疗结束时，统计违反项次得分与疾病治愈时间相关性。结果42例患者违反遵医行为得分与治愈时间的相关系数为r=0．762（P＜0.001），说明不遵医行为与疾病治愈时间呈正相关。结论嗓音病患者遵医行为越差，疾病治愈越长；反之，遵医行为越好，疾病治愈时间越短，提示对门诊嗓音病患者的遵医行为应寻求有效的监督方式，促进其早日康复。