创新药吡非尼酮胶囊在中国健康人体耐受性和安全性研究

目的：评价中国健康受试者单次和多次口服1.1类创新药吡非尼酮胶囊后的人体耐受性和安全性。方法：依据动物实验结果推算起始和最大剂量，以健康受试者为研究对象，从安全起始剂量开始，进行单次和多次给药耐受性试验。采用随机单中心临床研究，统一餐后给药。单次给药耐受性试验：36例，随机分成6个剂量组：200 mg（2例），400 mg（4例），800 mg（6例），1 200 mg（8例），1 800 mg（8例），2 400 mg（8例）；多次给药耐受性试验：12例，分成2个剂量组：400 mg（6例），600 mg（6例），每天3次，连续给药7 d。观察受试者用药前后症状、生命体征、实验室检查变化（包括血尿常规、肝肾功能、心电图等）、并记录药品不良事件。结果：单次和多次给药耐受性试验的受试者用药前后生命体征和心电图无显著变化，实验室检查等表明无器质性损伤。依据试验终止标准，20例受试者完成4个剂量组的单次耐受性研究。其中单次给药耐受性试验有12例，多次给药耐受性试验有7例受试者在口服药物后出现轻中度恶心、呕吐、烧心、食欲不振、头晕和头痛等不良事件，未经处理自行缓解。本试验过程中未发生严重不良事件。结论：中国健康人体对吡非尼酮胶囊单次（200~1 200 mg）或多次（400~600 mg，tid×7 d）给药的安全性和耐受性良好，将为临床合理应用提供依据。     

S-Allyl cysteine reduces eosinophilic airway inflammation and mucus overproduction on ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model

S-Allyl cysteine (SAC) is an active component in garlic and has various pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer activities. In this study, we explored the suppressive effects of SAC on allergic airway inflammation induced in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse model. To induce asthma, BALB/c mice were sensitized to OVA on days 0 and 14 by intraperitoneal injection and exposed to OVA from days 21 to 23 using a nebulizer. SAC was administered to mice by oral gavage at a dose of 10 or 20 mg/kg from days 18 to 23. SAC significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammatory cell counts, and Th2 type cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid induced by OVA exposure, which was accompanied by reduced serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin E. In histological analysis of the lung tissue, administration of SAC reduced inflammatory cell accumulation into lung tissue and mucus production in airway goblet cells induced by OVA exposure. Additionally, SAC significantly decreased MUC5AC expression and nuclear factor-κB phosphorylation induced by OVA exposure. In summary, SAC effectively suppressed allergic airway inflammation and mucus production in OVA-challenged asthmatic mice. Therefore, SAC shows potential for use in treating allergic asthma.     

CSF-1R inhibition attenuates ischemia-induced renal injury and fibrosis by reducing Ly6C+ M2-like macrophage infiltration

Acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression has become a life-threatening disease. However, an effective therapeutic strategy is still needed. The pathophysiology of AKI-to-CKD progression involves chronic inflammation and renal fibrosis driven by macrophage activation, which is physiologically dependent on colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) signaling. In this study, we modulated macrophage infiltration through oral administration of the CSF-1R inhibitor GW2580 in an ischemia–reperfusion (I/R)-induced AKI model to evaluate its therapeutic effects on preventing the progression of AKI to CKD. We found that GW2580 induced a significant reduction in the number of macrophages in I/R-injured kidneys and attenuated I/R-induced renal injury and subsequent interstitial fibrosis. By flow cytometry, we observed that the reduced macrophages were primarily Ly6C⁺ inflammatory macrophages in the GW2580-treated kidneys, while there was no significant difference in the number and percentage of Ly6C⁻CX3CR1⁺ macrophages. We further found that these reduced macrophages also demonstrated some characteristics of M2-like macrophages, which have been generally regarded as profibrotic subtypes in chronic inflammation. These results indicate the existence of phenotypic and functional crossover between Ly6C⁺ and M2-like macrophages in I/R kidneys, which induces AKI worsening to CKD. In conclusion, therapeutic GW2580 treatment alleviates acute renal injury and subsequent fibrosis by reducing Ly6C⁺ M2-like macrophage infiltration in ischemia-induced AKI.     

医学博士生延期毕业影响因素分析

目的调查“双一流”建设高校医学博士生延期毕业的影响因素，为改进医学博士生培养模式、降低延期毕业率提供指导依据。方法通过“学生个体特征”“关键培养环节”“导学互动”以及“心理建设与社会支持”4个维度，构建医学博士生延期毕业影响因素理论模型，利用二元logistic回归进行统计分析。结果选择跨学科读博的研究生更易发生延期（OR=8.80,P=0.01），以“申请考核”（OR=9.06,P<0.01）、“硕博连读”（OR=5.41,P=0.02）方式录取的博士生较以直博生方式录取的博士生发生延期毕业风险更高；关键培养环节中“论文写作培训与科研能力训练”（OR=0.33,P=0.01）、“资助程度”（OR=0.42,P=0.05）以及导学互动中“导师及科研团队的指导”（OR=0.23,P=0.03）和“科研投入”（OR=0.56,P<0.01）均对正常毕业存在负向影响关系。结论建立科学合理的生源选拔机制、形成良好的导学互动、科学系统的写作训练、充实的资助以及国内国际学术交流有益于降低医学博士生的延期风险。下一步应加强关键培养环节的质量监控，完善医学博士生分流机制，强化问题导向，实现“导师+院系联动”保证培养质量。     

多酶预处理溶液联合超声对口腔内科器械的清洗效果评价

目的:评价多酶预处理溶液联合超声对口腔内科器械的清洗效果。方法:选取2019年2月~5月我院口腔内科常规使用并进行消毒的器械620支,随机分为两组,分别用多酶预处理溶液(对照组)和多酶预处理溶液联合超声清洗(实验组)处理。比较两组目测清洗合格率以及STF清洗效果检测卡合格率。结果:实验组器械目测合格率以及STF清洗效果检测卡检测合格率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:多酶预处理溶液联合超声清洗对于口腔内科器械具有更加有效和安全的清洗效果。     

Associations Between Fundus Types and Clinical Manifestations in Patients with RDH12 Gene Mutations

Brain Topography - To study the associations between RDH12 gene mutations, fundus types, and clinical manifestations. In total, 46 patients with inherited eye diseases caused by RDH12 gene...     

非肠道病毒A组71型感染手足口病重症危险因素分析

目的 分析非肠道病毒A组71型（enterovirus group A type 71,EV-A71）感染手足口病患者的重症危险因素,为尽早识别重症患者并及时治疗提供依据。方法 收集深圳市宝安人民医院2015年5月~2016年11月收治的手足口病病例,明确感染的肠道病毒血清分型后选取非EV-A71感染的轻症和重症患者各185例,采用多因素条件Logistic回归方法筛选出重症手足口病的影响因素。结果 经多因素条件Logistic回归分析,发现发热最高温≥ 39℃（OR=6.61,95% CI:3.17~13.81）、出疹类型为丘疹（OR=2.82,95% CI:1.40~5.69）、出疹部位为足部（OR=2.05,95% CI:1.08~3.90）、就诊延迟1 d内（OR=3.44,95% CI:1.56~7.58）、出生时有并发症（OR=7.37,95% CI:1.66~32.70）、非母乳喂养（OR=1.89,95% CI:1.01~3.54）、发病前常在小区玩耍（OR=2.92,95% CI:1.44~5.92）、经常咬玩具（OR=2.27,95% CI:1.13~4.53）为非EV-A71手足口病重症的危险因素（均有P<0.05）。结论 应密切关注患者临床、实验室和卫生习惯等多项指标,及时发现手足口病重症的危险因素并进行临床诊治和健康教育。     

武汉地区31家医院2014～2016年肠外肠内营养制剂应用分析

摘 要 目的：调查武汉地区肠外肠内营养制剂的利用情况,为肠外肠内营养制剂的合理使用提供参考。方法: 对武汉地区31家入网医院2014～2016年肠外及肠内营养制剂的销售金额、用药频度和限定日费用等进行回顾性分析。结果:肠外肠内营养制剂销售金额逐年增长,肠外营养制剂年增长率分别为4.59%,9.47%,肠内营养制剂销售金额年增长率分别为25%,18%,肠内营养在营养制剂中使用比例逐渐提高。结论:营养制剂使用结构逐渐趋于合理。