Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of conventional and controlled release formulations of motoprolol in healthy chinese subjects

Summary A double-blind, crossover comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of controlled- release metoprolol (CR) 100 mg and 200 mg, metoprolol plain tablet 100 mg, metoprolol Durules 200 mg, and placebo was carried out in 10 healthy Chinese subjects. Standardized treadmill exercise tests according to the Bruce protocol were performed at a steady state of medication, before and 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the dose, and multiple blood samples were collected for determination of the metoprolol concentration. The plasma metoprolol levels over 24 hours were more uniform after metoprolol CR than Durules and the plain tablet. The mean peak concentrations for CR 100 mg, 200 mg, Durules, and the plain tablets were 231, 426, 790, and 1105 nmol/l, respectively. The corresponding fluctuation incides were 1.1, 1.5, 2.2, and 5.0. The effects on exercise heart rate (EHR) were investigated at steady state. Metoprolol CR produced more even reduction in EHR over 24 hours than Durules and plain tablets. All four treatments gave similar maximal reduction in EHR of about 20% at 2 hours after the dose. In conclusion, once daily metoprolol CR showed almost even blood levels and provided relatively constant levels of beta¹ blockade over 24 hours in healthy Chinese subjects.     

超声多模态技术对非哺乳期乳腺炎与乳腺癌的鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨常规超声结合超声造影以及弹性成像对非哺乳期乳腺炎和乳腺癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析58例乳腺癌、52例非哺乳期乳腺炎的常规超声、超声造影和弹性成像的声像图表现。结果:非哺乳期乳腺炎组和乳腺癌组两种病灶的BI-RADS分级及弹性成像评分、造影增强模式比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:仅通过二维超声诊断非哺乳期乳腺炎和乳腺癌经常会导致误诊,而结合超声造影以及超声弹性成像则能够更好地进行鉴别诊断。     

Poorly differentiated chordoma with whole‐genome doubling evolving from a SMARCB1‐deficient conventional chordoma: A case report

Evolution of poorly differentiated chordoma from conventional chordoma has not been previously reported. We encountered a case of a poorly differentiated chordoma with evidence of whole‐genome doubling arising from a SMARCB1‐deficient conventional chordoma. The tumor presented as a destructive sacral mass in a 43‐year‐old man and was comprised of a highly cellular poorly differentiated chordoma with small, morphologically distinct nodules of conventional chordoma accounting for <5% of the total tumor volume. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed both components were strongly reactive for brachyury and lacked normal staining for INI1. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis identified multiple genomic imbalances in the conventional component, including deletions of 1p, 3p, and 22q (involving SMARCB1) and loss of chromosomes 5 and 15, while the poorly differentiated component exhibited the same aberrations at a more profound level with additional loss of chromosome 4, low level focal deletion of 17p (involving TP53), and tetraploidy. Homozygous deletion of SMARCB1 was present in both components. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis confirmed the relevant deletions in both components as well as genome doubling in the poorly differentiated tumor. This case suggests that SMARCB1 loss is an early event in rare conventional chordomas that could potentially evolve into poorly differentiated chordoma through additional genomic aberrations such as genome doubling. Further studies with additional patients will be needed to determine if genome doubling is a consistent pathway for evolution of poorly differentiated chordoma.     

Regenerative Endodontic Procedures for the Treatment of Necrotic Mature Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

IntroductionRegenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are intended to repair and regenerate part of the pulp-dentin complex. The aim of this study was to systematically appraise the existing evidence on the effectiveness of REPs on mature teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis.MethodsElectronic database and hand searches were performed on 8 databases of published and unpublished literature from inception to January 3, 2021, for the identification of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or prospective clinical trials. The related key words included “regenerative,” “pulp revascularization,” “revitalization procedure,” and “necrotic mature teeth.” A random effects meta-analysis was conducted assessing success as the main outcome treatment. Risk of bias was assessed through the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool, and the quality of the evidence was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.ResultsOf the 337 initial hits, 4 RCTs were eligible for inclusion, whereas 3 were included in the quantitative synthesis. Overall, there was no difference in the relative risk for a successful/unsuccessful treatment outcome between REPs or conventional treatment (3 studies, relative risk = 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.92–1.15; P = .61; heterogeneity I² = 0.0%, P = .53; prediction interval = 0.51–2.09). Risk of bias ranged from low to raising some concerns, whereas the quality of the evidence was graded as moderate.ConclusionsBased on moderate-quality evidence, REPs appear as a viable treatment alternative for mature necrotic teeth with periapical lesions at present. Furthermore, well-designed RCTs might also provide confirmatory evidence in this respect while also framing a backbone for standardization of the therapeutic protocol of REPs.     

伢典微创凝胶疗法与常规牙钻磨牙法治疗小儿龋齿的效果比较

目的比较伢典微创凝胶疗法与常规牙钻磨牙法治疗小儿龋齿的效果。方法选取我院2017年8月至2019年8月收治的102例龋齿患儿为研究对象,采用随机数字法将其分为牙钻磨牙组(51例,常规牙钻磨牙法)和伢典微创凝胶组(51例,伢典微创凝胶疗法)。比较两组患儿治疗中的情绪、依从性及治疗1个月后的临床病情控制情况。结果伢典微创凝胶组的ES评分明显低于牙钻磨牙组,Frankl依从量表评分明显高于牙钻磨牙组(P<0.05)。治疗1个月后,伢典微创凝胶组临床病情控制优良率明显高于牙钻磨牙组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相比于常规牙钻磨牙法,伢典微创凝胶疗法对龋齿患儿的临床疗效更加显著,可有效改善患儿疼痛情况和治疗依从性,值得临床推广应用。     

体外心肺复苏启动前因素对患者预后的影响

目的:分析体外心肺复苏（extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation,ECPR）启动前因素对患者预后的影响,以探讨ECPR的干预时机和改进策略。方法:回顾性分析2018年7月至2021年4月在湖南师范大学附属第一医院（湖南省人民医院）行ECPR的29例患者。按患者是否存活出院分为生存组( n=13)及死亡组( n=16),分析两组常规心肺复苏（conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CCPR）时间（开始心肺复苏到体外膜肺氧合运转的时间）、ECPR前初始心律、院外及院内心搏骤停的构成比、外院转运病例构成比。按CCPR时间分为≤45 min组、45~60 min组及>60 min组分别比较其出院存活率及持续自主循环恢复（sustained return of spontaneous circulation,ROSC）率。本院院内心搏骤停患者按心搏骤停（cardiac arrest,CA）发生地点分为本科室亚组和其他科室亚组,比较其存活率。 结果:29例患者总体生存率44.83%,体外膜肺氧合（extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO）平均辅助时长114（33.5,142.5） h,CCPR平均时长60（44.5,80） min。生存组ECMO辅助时间（140.15±44.80）h较死亡组长（ P=0.001）,生存组CCPR时间明显低于死亡组（ P=0.010）。初始心律为可除颤心律组生存率更高（ P=0.010）。OHCA较IHCA患者病死率高（ P=0.020）。外院转运病例病死率高于本院病例（ P=0.025）。CCPR时间≤45min、45~60 min、>60 min三组患者出院生存率依次递减（ P=0.001）,ROSC率依次递减（ P=0.001)。本院院内心搏骤停患者,CA发生地点在本科室（急诊医学科）组与其他科室组生存率差异无统计学意义（ P=0.54）。 结论:ECPR出院存活率高于国内外报道的CCPR存活率,ECPR对难治性心搏骤停是有效的。ECPR的预后跟CCPR时间、CA初始心律、CA发生地点明显相关,提高ECPR存活率需加强宣教及团队建设。     

Unusual fungal bodies in conventional cervical smears: Report of nine cases

Candida spp have often been reported in cervical cytology, other fungal organisms are very rare in modern literature. We report nine cases of conventional cervical smears showing Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium spp in healthy imunocompetent females. Penicillium spp seen in four out of nine smears, Cladosporium spp alone in three out of nine smears, and Cladosporium spp along with Aspergillus spp in two out of nine smears. A detail of these nine cases is presented with discussion on importance of these structures when observed in conventional cervical smears. Awareness of such contaminants is important to differentiate from true infection for relevant therapeutic implications. A systematic step‐wise approach to such structures is also suggested. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:234–237. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

ICU 常规与优化治疗对心脏骤停后综合征患者心肺、脑复苏情况的影响分析

目的：分析ICU 常规与优化治疗对心脏骤停后综合征患者心肺、脑复苏情况的影响。方法：选取90 例心脏骤停后综合征患者作为本次的研究对象,患者就诊时间段为2018 年7 月到2019 年11 月,按照数字表达法将其分为两组,其中接受ICU 常规治疗的45 例患者设为对照组,将另外45 例接受ICU 优化治疗的患者纳入观察组。将两组心脏骤停后综合征患者的神经功能评分、全心舒张末期容积指数、心脏指数、意识恢复时间以及并发症发生率进行对比。结果：经过治疗后,观察组患者的神经功能以及临床指标改善情况明显优于对照组;观察组的并发症发生率为4.4%;对照组的并发症发生率为17.8%,两组心脏骤停后综合征患者的神经功能评分、临床指标以及并发症发生率结果差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：与ICU 常规治疗相比,ICU 优化治疗对心脏骤停后综合征患者的临床疗效更为显著,能够促进患者脑复苏情况的改善,提高神经功能恢复效率,改善心功能指标,减少并发症的产生,提升综合征患者的生存质量,具有积极的推广价值。