脑膜病变MRI异常强化类型与病因的相关性分析

目的 探讨各种脑膜病变脑膜MRI强化类型与病因的关系。方法 回顾性分析78例资料完整，MRI增强扫描脑膜异常强化的非脑膜瘤。结果 78例中，脑膜癌病16例（硬脑膜-蛛网膜型2例，软脑膜-蛛网膜下腔型11例，混合型3例）；感染性脑膜炎18例（硬脑膜-蛛网膜型3例，软脑膜-蛛网膜下腔型13例，混合型2例）；脑梗死22例（软脑膜-蛛网膜下腔型18例，混合型4例）；开颅术后15例（硬脑膜-蛛网膜型10例，混合型5例）；硬膜下积液（血肿）7例，均为硬脑膜-蛛网膜型。结论 MRI双倍剂量Gd-DTPA增强扫描对脑膜病变敏感性高，脑膜强化类型与各种病因侵犯脑膜三层结构的方式和程度有关。     

MRI、CT及超声在诊断胰岛素瘤中应用研究

目的分析MRI(磁共振成像)、CT及超声3种不同影像学检查方法在诊断胰岛素瘤的应用价值。方法选取我院收治且进行手术治疗的胰岛素瘤患者72例,术前均行MRI、CT及腹部超声检查,将检查结果与手术结果比较,分析病灶部位、大小,并比较三种影像学成像结果。结果经MRI、CT、超声依次检测有58例、46例、44例病灶,检出率依次为8 0.5%、63.9%、61.1%,胰岛素瘤分布、大小均无显著差异(P0.05),MRI检出率最高,差异显著(P0.05);MRI平扫抑脂序列T1WI、T2WI及DWI上呈现明显异常信号,且动态增强期均明显强化,CT显示32例为后动脉期,均高于门静脉期,12例显示为增强后动脉期及门静脉轻度强化;超声显示边界清楚,可见瘤体与血管部位。结论MRI、CT及超声进行胰岛素瘤诊断中,三者均有较高的检出率,其中MRI检测率最高,但价格昂贵,CT与超声检测率相近,但超声易受胃肠气体干扰,影响结果,应根据患者实际病情选择最佳诊断方法 。     

低场强2D-TOF法MRA在椎动脉供血不足中的临床应用

目的探讨低场强2D-TOF法磁共振血管成像（MRA）在椎动脉供血不足中的临床应用价值。方法对154例眩晕患者的低场强2D-TOF法MRA临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果154例中,椎动脉异常60例,表现为管腔狭小18例,管腔闭塞7例,局限性狭窄17例,椎动脉迂曲、折角18例;60例患者临床旋颈试验均为阳性。椎动脉正常94例,其中旋颈试验阳性5例。结论低场强MRA作为一种无创检查,能显示大部分椎动脉病变,对临床诊断和治疗椎动脉供血不足有较高的应用价值。     

DR系统在肺癌胸部平片检查中的应用

DR系统是计算机图像处理技术与X射线技术相结合而形成的一种先进的X线机。在原有的X线机直接胶片成像的基础上，通过A／D转换和D／A转换，进行实时图像数字处理，有功能强大的后处理技术，具有可调性（窗宽、窗位、灵敏度等），另外还可以调节图像噪声、灰阶对比度、图像的放大、移位、测量、减影等，为临床正确诊断疾病提供了极大的优越性。笔者在2005年1～6月对52例疑似肺癌患者行DR胸部平片检查，现将结果和应用体会介绍如下。     

三维CT血管造影在颅内动脉瘤栓塞治疗中的指导意义及其局限性

目的 评价三维CT血管造影(3D—CTA)在颅内动脉瘤栓塞治疗中的指导意义及其局限性。方法 本组所有患者均进行DSA造影检查和3D—CTA检查。3D—CTA图像重建时分别采用最大强度投照(MIP)、表面成像(SSD)以及模拟内窥镜(flying through)等3种成像方法分别重建颅内血管三维图像。脑血管造影常规进行双侧颈内动脉及左侧椎动脉造影，必要时进行右侧椎动脉造影。结果 本组11例患者，DSA造影检查和3D—CTA检查各发现动脉瘤11个，各漏诊动脉瘤1个。DSA造影检查动脉瘤最大直径平均4．3mm；3D—CTA检查MIP法测得动脉瘤最大直径平均4．5mm，SSD法动脉瘤最大直径平均5．7[mm。结论 3D—CTA能够避免常规DSA造影检查时产生的影像重叠，但是三维重建后的影像受到多种因素的影响，制定合理的检查方案可有效提高诊断符合率。     

多层面CT仿真内镜在诊断膀胱肿瘤中的应用

近年来我们应用多层面螺旋CT仿真内镜(CTVE)技术诊断膀胱肿瘤，兹报道如下。     

食管癌分次放疗期间靶区不确定性初步研究

Objective To investigate the changes of target during fractionated radiotherapy for e-sophageal cancer, and to assess their impact on the implementation of radiotherapy. Methods Fourteen pa-tients with unresectable esophageal cancer were enrolled to receive full course conformal radiotherapy. CT scans were performed after every ten fractions. New targets (GTV) were delineated on repeated CT scans. Then the pretreatment radiotherapy plans were copied to the new targets to investigate the conformity between the new GTV and the plans. Results The majority of the GTVs decreased with the increasing fractions dur-ing radiotherapy. However, GTVs of 35.7% (5/14) patients increased by 2.0%-37.7% at the tenth frac-tion. The PTVs covered by 95% isodose curve at the time of pretreatment,tenth fraction,twentieth fraction and thirtieth fraction were 97.81%±1.53%, 91.95%±5.25%, 94.27%±4.23% and 94.03%±6.45%, respectively. Moreover, at tenth, twentieth and thirtieth fraction, there were 6,5, and 4 patients whose PTVs covered by 95% isodose curve were below 95%, respectively. Conclusions There are signifi-cant target changes during fractionated radiotherapy for esophageal cancer, which may result in uncertainties of radiotherapy implementation.     

胃上部癌侵犯胃裸区的多层螺旋CT表现特征

目的 探讨胃上部癌侵犯胃裸区(GBA)的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)表现特征.方法 回顾性分析经手术和病理证实GBA受到肿瘤侵犯的胃上部癌120例的MSCT资料,其中外科手术和病理证实GBA受到肿瘤侵犯120例.观察胃上部癌侵犯GBA的MSCT表现特征,分析MSCT征象的临床病理基础.结果 120例中,有46例表现为GBA内软组织肿块,74例表现为结节状淋巴结.胃上部癌侵犯GBA病例的MSCT征象有:(1)GBA增宽,胃壁与膈肌之间的薄层脂肪间隙中断或消失(36例).(2)GBA内可见不均匀强化的软组织密度肿块(46例)或类圆形淋巴结(74例).(3)左膈脚及胃膈韧带不规则增厚并与肿瘤分界不清(30例).(4)膈下腹膜后间隙其他转移性淋巴结肿大(79例).结论 胃上部癌侵犯GBA有一定的MSCT表现特征.解剖位置和淋巴引流是胃上部癌侵犯GBA的重要原因,并与胃上部癌的预后较差有关.     

CT血管造影对破裂动脉瘤的临床应用价值

目的 评价CT血管造影(CTA)对破裂动脉瘤的临床应用价值.方法 对59例拟诊动脉瘤破裂患者行CTA扫描,随后进行数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,比较两者对动脉瘤的检出率,并于术中再次评估.结果 59例中,CTA检出动脉瘤39例(42枚),DSA也检出39例(42枚)动脉瘤;CTA遗漏1枚小脑后下动脉瘤,DSA遗漏1枚前交通动脉瘤;两者检出动脉瘤的效能高度一致(Kappa=0.92).CTA与术中显示动脉瘤及瘤周解剖基本吻合.结论 CTA能够快速、无侵袭、高效检出破裂动脉瘤,CTA影像检查结果有助于手术计划的制定.     

食管癌分次放疗期间靶区不确定性初步研究

Objective To investigate the changes of target during fractionated radiotherapy for e-sophageal cancer, and to assess their impact on the implementation of radiotherapy. Methods Fourteen pa-tients with unresectable esophageal cancer were enrolled to receive full course conformal radiotherapy. CT scans were performed after every ten fractions. New targets (GTV) were delineated on repeated CT scans. Then the pretreatment radiotherapy plans were copied to the new targets to investigate the conformity between the new GTV and the plans. Results The majority of the GTVs decreased with the increasing fractions dur-ing radiotherapy. However, GTVs of 35.7% (5/14) patients increased by 2.0%-37.7% at the tenth frac-tion. The PTVs covered by 95% isodose curve at the time of pretreatment,tenth fraction,twentieth fraction and thirtieth fraction were 97.81%±1.53%, 91.95%±5.25%, 94.27%±4.23% and 94.03%±6.45%, respectively. Moreover, at tenth, twentieth and thirtieth fraction, there were 6,5, and 4 patients whose PTVs covered by 95% isodose curve were below 95%, respectively. Conclusions There are signifi-cant target changes during fractionated radiotherapy for esophageal cancer, which may result in uncertainties of radiotherapy implementation.