超声对肝癌、肝硬化患者腹腔动脉的血流动力学探讨

目的探讨肝癌、肝硬化患者腹腔动脉的血流动力学改变。方法对190例正常人、94例肝硬化合并肝癌、87例肝硬化患者运用灰阶、彩色多普勒、脉冲多普勒超声检查腹腔动脉内径、最高流速、最低流速、平均流速、阻力指数和血流量。结果肝硬化患者腹腔动脉的血流量较正常人明显增加,肝硬化合并肝癌患者腹腔动脉的血流量较肝硬化患者高。结论腹腔动脉血流动力学的改变,可为诊断肝癌、肝硬化提供参考信息。     

急性动静脉内瘘血栓形成的置管溶栓治疗

目的探讨透析用动静脉内瘘急性血栓形成的置管溶栓治疗的方法及临床价值。方法 2008年1月至2011年1月治疗50例患者发生的67例次急性动静脉内瘘血栓形成。经股动脉插管行上肢动脉造影明确诊断,先用泥鳅导丝行血栓闭塞段导丝穿通术,然后经导管团注尿激酶25万u,如果血栓不能完全清除则保留导管持续泵入尿激酶1～3 d,置管溶栓治疗后24、48、72 h行造影复查,如血管造影显示血栓完全溶解则终止溶栓。结果 67例次急性动静脉内瘘急性血栓形成中,8例次经过尿激酶团注治疗透析道恢复通畅;在置管溶栓后24、48、72 h造影复查时分别有34例次、18例次及5例次显示血栓完全溶解而停止溶栓治疗;2例次溶栓治疗失败。所有病例在置管溶栓过程中均未出现肺栓塞及出血等并发症。结论置管溶栓治疗急性动静脉内瘘血栓形成具有操作简便、疗效肯定、微创、安全的特点,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层介入治疗五例的护理体会

目的探讨裸支架腔内血管重建术治疗孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层(SMAD)的围手术期护理。方法对采用裸支架载瘤动脉腔内血管重建术治疗孤立性的5例患者,予完善的术前准备,针对性的术后观察、护理。结果在围手术期精心护理下,4例腹痛症状患者术后3周腹痛消失;5例患者介入治疗均获得成功,术后无并发症发生,随访3至12个月效果满意。结论术前充分准备,术后细致观察、护理,为孤立性SMAD介入治疗提供有价值的护理经验。     

脾动脉瘤的介入治疗

目的探讨介入血管腔内治疗脾动脉瘤的临床价值。方法 16例脾动脉瘤患者,其中真性脾动脉瘤10例,假性脾动脉瘤6例,介入治疗术前均经血管超声、CT及DSA明确诊断。14例行弹簧圈动脉瘤或载瘤动脉栓塞术,2例采用支架辅助弹簧圈瘤体内填塞。患者术后3天和1周复查血常规和血淀粉酶;术后1周、3个月、6个月CT增强扫描复查。结果 14例弹簧圈栓塞患者术后CT增强扫描均未见栓塞以远脾动脉主干显影,动脉瘤体无对比剂填充,2例支架辅助弹簧圈瘤体内填塞患者术后3个月、6个月CT增强扫描示脾动脉主干及分支血管血流通畅,瘤体无对比剂填充。7例出现低热,8例有左侧季肋区隐痛,低热及腹痛症状均在3～5天缓解或消失,8例载瘤动脉栓塞患者2天血淀粉酶复查有不同程度升高,1周复查时恢复正常。结论介入血管腔内治疗是一种简便、微创、安全、有效的治疗真、假性脾动脉瘤的方法。     

改制丁字鞋在下肢动脉DSA中的应用

目的 探讨使用改制丁字鞋制成下肢动脉造影固定鞋,防止造影检查治疗过程中肢体的移动和旋转,保持解剖学体位,提高影像质量的价值.方法 用小木钉替换丁字鞋上的铁钉,并使鞋底纵轴与支撑条呈85°;103例患者行下肢动脉造影,将无移动伪影并且体位正确者定义为A组,体位不正或有明显移动伪影者定义为B组,将B组全部患者使用固定鞋重新造影并定义为C组,并使用SPSS 18.0对三组结果进行统计学分析.结果 下肢动脉造影体位和移动伪影与年龄、疾病分类、疼痛程度,检查时间长短有关,使用固定鞋较不使用固定鞋进行造影的影像,伪影显示率下降26.09％,体位标准化率上升37.68％.结论 下肢动脉造影固定鞋结构简单,使用方便,稳定性强,能有效防止下肢移动和旋转,值得推广使用.     

Child-Pugh A级肝细胞癌患者术后肝功能衰竭发生的危险因素分析

目的分析影响Child-Pugh A级肝细胞癌患者肝切除术后发生肝功能衰竭的危险因素。方法回顾性分析190例Child-Pugh A级行肝切除术的肝细胞癌患者的资料,单因素和多因素分析术后肝功能衰竭相关的术前及术中危险因素。结果APRI≥1.1,前白蛋白<170 mg/L及术中输红细胞是影响术后肝功能衰竭的独立危险因素。结论 Child-Pugh A级肝细胞癌患者,当术前APRI≥1.1或/和前白蛋白水平<170 mg/L时行肝切除术应当谨慎,以避免发生术后肝功能衰竭。     

高龄肱骨近端骨折患者的外科治疗

目的采用锁定加压钢板(LCP)结合规范抗骨质疏松方案治疗高龄肱骨近端骨折,评估近期疗效。方法 2008年1月～2010年6月,对46例肱骨近端骨折行切开复位内固定术治疗,其中男16例,女30例,年龄68～87岁,平均年龄76.5岁。骨折采用Neer分型,两部分骨折26例,三部分骨折12例,四部分骨折8例。术前骨密度测量(DEXA)值为0.52～0.86g/cm2,平均0.68±0.14g/cm2,提示本组均达到重度骨质疏松的诊断标准。采用肱骨近端锁定加压钢板固定,骨缺损严重者予Wright人工骨粒植入。术后早期行肩关节康复功能锻炼,同时予鲑鱼降钙素、钙剂、维生素D行规范抗骨质疏松治疗。结果本组肱骨近端骨折均满意复位,术后无肱骨头坏死和感染等并发症发生。根据Neer肩关节功能评分,优32例,良11例,可3例,优良率93.5%。术后随访1年～3年6个月,平均2年,所有患者均获骨性愈合,骨折复位无丢失,肩关节功能恢复满意。结论 LCP结合规范抗骨质疏松治疗高龄肱骨近端骨折,具有创伤小、固定可靠、可早期康复功能锻炼等优点,近期疗效满意。     

两种方式吻合动静脉内瘘的比较研究

目的比较新发终末期肾脏病（ESRD）患者应用钛轮钉机械吻合与手工缝线吻合动静脉内瘘（AVF）的使用寿命、影响因素及术后并发症状况,总结两种吻合内瘘方法的优缺点,旨在为患者提供合适的吻合方式及内瘘保护方式。方法回顾性分析我中心于2009年4月至2010年4月之间的所有新发ESRD需行血液透析患者47例,其中27例采用钛轮钉吻合器行桡动脉一头静脉内瘘吻合,2（）例采用传统血管端端吻合,随访24月,比较两组的内瘘通畅时间,并分别计算6、12及24个月的内瘘通畅率,并分析影响内瘘通畅时间的相关因素及其随访24月的长期并发症状况。结果随访24月钛轮钉组内瘘通畅时间为（19．85士6．876）个月,手工缝线组为（22．95士3．268）个月。钛轮钉组内瘘6、12、24个月通畅率分别为92．6％、81．5％、66．7％,而手工吻合组为100％、95％、9（）％,原发病、低蛋白血症、房颤及吸烟史在一定程度上影响AVF的使用寿命,尤其是应用钛轮钉吻合AVF的患者。手工缝线组在心衰、静脉过度曲张及假性动脉瘤等并发症方面较钛轮钉组患者多。结论虽然钛轮钉机械吻合AVF在手术方法上简单容易操作,但对患者自身血管要求较高,手工缝线吻合组内瘘通畅时间明显比钛轮钉组延长,但其长期并发症发生率较钛轮钉组高。     

Clinical Relevance of Coronary Fractional Flow Reserve: Art-of-state

Objective:

The objective was to delineate the current knowledge of fractional flow reserve (FFR) in terms of definition, features, clinical applications, and pitfalls of measurement of FFR.

Data Sources:

We searched database for primary studies published in English. The database of National Library of Medicine (NLM), MEDLINE, and PubMed up to July 2014 was used to conduct a search using the keyword term “FFR”.

Study Selection:

The articles about the definition, features, clinical application, and pitfalls of measurement of FFR were identified, retrieved, and reviewed.

Results:

Coronary pressure-derived FFR rapidly assesses the hemodynamic significance of individual coronary artery lesions and can readily be performed in the catheterization laboratory. The use of FFR has been shown to effectively guide coronary revascularization procedures leading to improved patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

FFR is a valuable tool to determine the functional significance of coronary stenosis. It combines physiological and anatomical information, and can be followed immediately by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) if necessary. The technique of FFR measurement can be performed easily, rapidly, and safely in the catheterization laboratory. By systematic use of FFR in dubious stenosis and multi-vessel disease, PCI can be made an even more effective and better treatment than it is currently. The current clinical evidence for FFR should encourage cardiologists to use this tool in the catheterization laboratory.     

Comparison of the Efficacy of Drug-eluting Stents Versus Bare-metal Stents for the Treatment of Left Main Coronary Artery Disease

Background:

Recent studies reported that percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation was safe and feasible for the treatment of left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease in select patients. However, it is unclear whether drug-eluting stents (DESs) have better outcomes in patients with LMCA disease compared with bare-metal stent (BMS) during long-term follow-up in Chinese populations.

Methods:

From a perspective multicenter registry, 1136 consecutive patients, who underwent BMS or DES implantation for unprotected LMCA stenosis, were divided into two groups: 1007 underwent DES implantation, and 129 underwent BMS implantation. The primary outcome was the rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including cardiovascular (CV) death, myocardial infarction (MI), and target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 5 years postimplantation.

Results:

Patients in the DES group were older and more likely to have hyperlipidemia and bifurcation lesions. They had smaller vessels and longer lesions than patients in the BMS group. In the adjusted cohort of patients, the DES group had significantly lower 5 years rates of MACE (19.4% vs. 31.8%, P = 0.022), CV death (7.0% vs. 14.7%, P = 0.045), and MI (5.4% vs. 12.4%, P = 0.049) than the BMS group. There were no significant differences in the rate of TLR (10.9% vs. 17.8%, P = 0.110) and stent thrombosis (4.7% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.758). The rates of MACE (80.6% vs. 68.2%, P = 0.023), CV death (93.0% vs. 85.3%, P = 0.045), TLR (84.5% vs. 72.1%, P = 0.014), and MI (89.9% vs. 80.6%, P = 0.029) free survival were significantly higher in the DES group than in the BMS group. When the propensity score was included as a covariate in the Cox model, the adjusted hazard ratios for the risk of CV death and MI were 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21–0.63, P = 0.029) and 0.29 (95% CI: 0.08–0.92, P = 0.037), respectively.

Conclusions:

DES implantation was associated with more favorable clinical outcomes than BMS implantation for the treatment of LMCA disease even though there was no significant difference in the rate of TLR between the two groups.